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{{short description|Temple in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Dharmasthala Temple
(ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ)
| image = Dharmasthala 1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The entrance of Dharmasthala Manjunatha Temple
| map_type = Karnataka
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12.96012|75.37836|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| locale = [[Dharmasthala]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Mañjunatha ([[Shiva]]) and [[Chandraprabhu]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Mahamastakabhisheka]], Laksha Deepa Utsava
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1200 C.E.
| creator = Birmanna Pergade
| website = {{url|www.shridharmasthala.org/}}
}}

'''Dharmasthala Temple''' ({{IAST|Kṣētra Dharmasthala}}) is an 800-year-old<ref name="india today">{{cite web|last=David|first=Stephen|title=Heavenly Post|url=http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020617/offtrack.shtml|publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=17 June 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030102015447/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020617/offtrack.shtml|archive-date=2 January 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref> religious institution in the temple town of [[Dharmasthala]] in [[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The deities of the temple are [[Shiva]], who is referred to as Mañjunatha, Ammanavaru, the [[Tirthankara]] [[Chandraprabha]] and the protective [[deva (Hinduism)|gods]] of [[Jainism]], Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumarasvami and Kanyakumari. The temple is considered unique<ref name=charisma /> since it belongs to the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] sect of Hinduism. The priests are [[Madhwa Brahmins]], who are [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]], and the administration is run by a [[Jain Bunt]] family called the Pergades.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Other Face of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbYtAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Konark Publishers|year=1988|page=40|quote=In the Siva temple, the priests are Madhva brahmins—Vaishnavites—but Hegde, the dharmadhikari of all temples, is a Jain.|isbn = 9788122000887}}</ref>

== Legend and origin ==
800 years ago, Dharmasthala was known as Kuduma in Mallarmadi, then a village in Belthangady. Here lived the [[Jain Bunt]] chieftain Birmanna Pergade and his wife Ammu Ballalthi in a house called Nelliadi Beedu. According to the legend, the guardian angels of Dharma assumed human forms and arrived at Pergade's abode in search of a place where Dharma was being practised and could be continued and propagated. As was their habit, the couple hosted these illustrious visitors with all their wherewithal and great respect. Pleased by their sincerity and generosity, that night the Dharma Daivas appeared in the dreams of Pergade. They explained the purpose of their visit to him and instructed him to vacate his house for the worship of the Daivas and dedicate his life to the propagation of Dharma. Asking no questions, the Pergade built himself another house and began worshiping the Daivas at Nelliadi Beedu.

This worship of daivas continues. The Dharma Daivas again appeared before Pergade to build separate shrines to consecrate the four Daivas – Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari. Also, Pergade was instructed to choose two persons of noble birth to act as the Daivas' oracles and four worthy persons to assist Pergade in his duties as the executive head of the shrines. In return, the Daivas promised Pergade protection for his family, abundance of charity and renowned for the 'Kshetra'. Pergade, as desired, built the shrines and invited Brahmin priests to perform the rituals. These priests requested Pergade to install a Shivalinga beside the native Daivas. The Daivas then sent their vassal Annappa Swamy to procure the [[linga]] of [[Shiva]] from [[Kadri Manjunath Temple]], near [[Mangalore]]. Subsequently, the Manjunatha temple was built around the linga.<ref name="charisma">{{cite book|last=Long|first=Roger D|title=Charisma and Commitment in South Asian History|author2=Wolpert, Stanley A.|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2641-9}}</ref>

== Pergade family ==
[[File:Chandranatha basadi.jpg|right|thumb|Chandranatha basadi in Dharmasthala]]
[[File:Deepak0387.jpg|right|thumb|Bhagavan Baahubali statute,Dharmasthala]]
[[File:Deepak0382.jpg|right|thumb|Gateway of Dharmasthala]]
The Pergade family is a [[Jain Bunt]] family who descend from the creator of the temple. Birmanna Pergade and his wife Ammu Ballalthi and are the hereditary trustees of the temple. The eldest male member assumes the position of ''Dharma Adhikari'' (chief administrator) and uses the title ''Heggade''. The Heggade was the feudal lord of the temple town and solved civil or criminal disputes. This was a judicial function and continues even to this day: The Heggade sits in judgement on hundreds of civil complaints, known as hoyulu, each day.<ref name="india today" /> About nearly twenty generations of the Pergade family have assumed the position of ''Dharma Adhikari''. The present ''Dharma Adhikari'' is [[Veerendra Heggade]]. The list of previous ''Dharma Adhikari'' is as follows:<ref name=charisma /><ref>{{cite book|last=B. N. Hebbar|title=The Śrī-Kṛṣṇa Temple at Uḍupi: the historical and spiritual center of the Madhvite sect of Hinduism|year=2005|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Niketan|isbn=978-81-89211-04-2|pages=83–84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pLXAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Dharma Adhikari number
!! colspan="2" |Name
!From
!To
|-
|align="center"|1
|
|Varmanna Heggade (Bermanna Pergade)
|
|
|-
|align="center"|2
|
|Padmayya Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|3
|
|Chandayya Heggade I
|
|
|-
|align="center"|4
|
|Devaraja Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|5
|
|Manjayya Heggade I
|
|
|-
|align="center"|6
|
|Jinappa Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|7
|
|Chandayya Heggade II
|
|
|-
|align="center"|8
|
|Devapparaja Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|9
|
|Anantayya Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|10
|
|Vrsabhayya Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|11
|
|Gummanna Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|12
|
|Varadayya Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|13
|
|Chandayya Heggade III
|
|
|-
|align="center"|14
|
|Kumarayya Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|15
|
|Chandayya Heggade IV
|
|
|-
|align="center"|16
|
|Manjayya Heggade II
|
|
|-
|align="center"|17
|
|Dharmapala Heggade
|
|
|-
|align="center"|18
|[[File:Chandayya Heggade.jpg|100px]]
|Chandayya Heggade V
|
|1918 C.E.
|-
|align="center"|19
|
|[[Manjayya Heggade]] III
|1918 C.E.
|1955 C.E.
|-
|align="center"|20
|
|[[Ratnavarma Heggade]]
|1955 C.E.
|1968 C.E.
|-
|align="center"|21
|[[File:Veerendra Heggade Potrit.jpg|100px]]
|[[Veerendra Heggade]]
|1968 C.E.
|Present
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.shridharmasthala.org/ Official website of Dharmasthala Manjunatha Temple]

{{Holy temples of coastal Karnataka}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:13th-century Jain temples]]

[[sa:धर्मस्थलम्]]

Dharmasthala Temple - Revision history

Delinker at 14:37, 25 July 2023