Flying Bee at 08:03, 13 January 2023

2023-01-13T08:03:16Z

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{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Die Presse
| image = Die Presse 2010.jpg
| caption = Front page on 30 September 2010. The headline reads "EU goes soft on [[Sarkozy]]" and refers to the French president's [[deportation of Roma migrants from France]].
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1848}}<ref group=note>Established as ''Die Presse'' in 1848, the staff split in 1864 to form the ''Neue Freie Presse'', [[aryanization (Nazism)|aryanized]] by the [[Nazis]] in 1938 and effectively closed in 1939, reestablished as ''Die Presse'' in 1946, after the [[Second World War]].{{cite web|url=http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3|title=Die Presse - Die Geschichte|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206200341/http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3|archive-date=6 February 2014}}</ref>
| owners = Styria Media Group AG
| headquarters = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
| language = [[German language|German]]
| circulation = 80,000 (2013)
| political = [[Classical liberalism]]<br>[[Christian democracy]]<br>[[Conservatism]]
| editor = Rainer Nowak
| publisher = Die Presse Verlags-Gesellschaft m.b.H. & Co KG
| website = [http://diepresse.com/ diepresse.com]
}}
'''''Die Presse''''' is a [[German-language]] daily broadsheet [[newspaper]] based in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Biotechnology|url=http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/ebe_report_300603_ec.pdf|work=EU|access-date=5 October 2013|format=Report|date=31 May 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007123457/http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/ebe_report_300603_ec.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is considered a [[newspaper of record]] for Austria.<ref>{{
cite encyclopedia
|title=Die Presse
|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475363/Die-Presse
|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013230422/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475363/Die-Presse
|archive-date=13 October 2013
}}</ref>

==History and profile==
''Die Presse'' was first printed on 3 July 1848<ref>{{cite web|title=European News Resources|url=http://guides.nyu.edu/content.php?pid=74313&sid=704214|work=NYU Libraries|access-date=24 January 2015}}</ref> as a [[Liberalism|liberal (libertarian)]]-[[Bourgeois liberalism|bourgeois]] newspaper within the meaning of the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire|revolutions of 1848]] by the entrepreneur [[August Zang]]. Its staff split in 1864 under the leadership of [[Max Friedländer (journalist)|Max Friedländer]], [[Michael Etienne]] and [[Adolf Werthner]] to form the ''[[Neue Freie Presse]]'', which later was [[Aryanization (Nazism)|aryanized]] by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] in 1938 and effectively closed in 1939. In 1946, after the [[World War II|Second World War]], [[Austrian resistance|resistance]] fighter [[Ernst Molden]], who had been [[editor-in-chief|vice-editor-in-chief]] of the ''Neue Freie Presse''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diepresse.com/unternehmen/geschichte/unternehmen/geschichte/10765/|title=Die Neugründung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016200433/http://diepresse.com/unternehmen/geschichte/unternehmen/geschichte/10765/index.do|archive-date=16 October 2007}}</ref> from 1921 until 1939, reestablished the newspaper as ''Die Presse''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3|title=Die Presse - Die Geschichte|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206200341/http://www.styria.com/de/konzernunternehmen/subpage.php?&pcat=1&cat=29&tochter=2&lng=de&sub=3|archive-date=6 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Gunter Bischof|author2=Anton Pelinka|author3=Dagmar Herzog|title=Sexuality in Austria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsR0u8f8MMMC&pg=PA229|access-date=16 January 2015|date=31 December 2011|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-0978-8|page=229}}</ref>

The ''"Presse"'' had been struggling for financial survival for a long time, until during the 1960s, the Austrian [[Chamber of Commerce]] became the main shareholder. Since 1999 it has been owned by the [[Styria Medien AG]],<ref name=rustel>{{cite web|title=Media Markets: Austria Country Overview|url=http://oldtelecoms.kondrashov.ru/world/austria.html|publisher=Russian Telecom|access-date=1 January 2015|date=August 2004}}</ref> a [[conservative-liberal]] media group founded by the [[Catholic Church]].{{doubtful|date=December 2012}} Its publisher is Die Presse Verlag GmbH.<ref name=wpt/>

The paper covers general news topics. It is frequently quoted in international media concerning news from Austria. Since March 2009 it has also been operating a [[weekly newspaper]] under the name ''"Die Presse am Sonntag"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diepresse.com/unternehmen/pressenews/453722/index.do|title=Der Sonntag hat eine neue Qualität "Die Presse am Sonntag"|work=Die Presse|date=31 March 2010|access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=atimes9>{{cite news|author=Thomas Hochwarterlump|title=Der Standard extends its readership as Die Presse's numbers slump|url=http://austriantimes.at/index.php?id=12135-newentry|access-date=1 January 2015|work=Austrian Times|date=3 March 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101144308/http://austriantimes.at/index.php?id=12135-newentry|archive-date=1 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The daily covers half-page science news each day.<ref name=eu7>{{cite web|title=Science News? Overview of Science Reporting in the EU|url=http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2007/bcn2007/overview_of_science_reporting_eu_en.pdf|work=EU|access-date=5 October 2013|year=2007}}</ref>

The political position of the ''"Die Presse"'' can be described as [[classical liberal]], with a strong emphasis on [[free-market economy]] and [[small government]], traditionally opposing Austria's [[grand coalition]] and its [[corporatism|neocorporatist]] tendencies. It therefore stands in contrast to other Austrian newspapers of quality including the more [[conservative]] ''[[Wiener Zeitung]]'' and the [[Social liberalism|social-liberal]] ''[[Der Standard]]''. Emphasis is put on the 1848 revolutions as the beginning of its tradition as a liberal newspaper, citing it in its slogan "''Free since 1848''". Despite its liberal free-market orientation, [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]] wrote a series of articles on the [[American Civil War]] for ''Die Presse'' in the early 1860s, which were later collected into the book ''[[The Civil War in the United States]]''.

In 2007 the editor-in-chief of ''Die Presse'' was [[Michael Fleischhacker]] who had been appointed to the post in 2004.<ref name=eu7/><ref>{{cite web|title=Communicating Europe: Austria Manual|url=http://www.esiweb.org/pdf/enlargement_debates_manual_austria.pdf|work=European Stability Initiative|access-date=12 October 2013|date=12 December 2007}}</ref> Next year the paper was named Best Editorial Team in Austria.<ref name=atimes9/>

==Circulation==
In 2002 ''Die Presse'' was one of four quality daily newspapers with nationwide distribution along with ''[[Der Standard]]'', ''[[Salzburger Nachrichten]]'', and ''[[Wiener Zeitung]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Ulrike Felt|author2=Martina Erlemann|title=The Austrian media landscape: Mass-production of public images of science and technology|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/virusss/OPUSReport/Media%20Chapters/Media_Au.htm|work=OPUS Report|access-date=1 January 2015|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013081452/http://www.univie.ac.at/virusss/OPUSReport/Media%20Chapters/Media_Au.htm|archive-date=13 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The same year its circulation was 120,000 copies.<ref name=wpt>{{cite web|title=World Press Trends|url=http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf|work=World Association of Newspapers|access-date=8 February 2015|location=Paris|date=2004}}</ref> In 2004 the paper had a circulation of 115,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union|url=http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/media_taskforce/doc/pluralism/media_pluralism_swp_en.pdf|work=Commission of the European Communities|access-date=27 March 2015|location=Brussels|date=16 January 2007}}</ref>

The 2007 circulation of ''Die Presse'' was 121,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web |author=Anne Austin |display-authors=et al. |title=Western Europe Market & Media Fact |url=http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20&%20MediaFact%202008.pdf |work=ZenithOptimedia |access-date=8 April 2015 |date=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205131709/http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20%26%20MediaFact%202008.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> The circulation of the daily was 120,363 copies in 2008 and 102,598 copies in 2009.<ref name=ifabc>{{cite web|title=National newspapers total circulation|url=http://www.ifabc.org/site/assets/media/National-Newspapers_total-circulation_IFABC_09-07-12.xls|work=International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations|access-date=2 December 2014}}</ref> It was 97,091 copies in 2010.<ref name=ifabc/> The paper had a circulation of 74,032 copies in 2011.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paul Murschetz|author2=Matthias Karmasin|editor=Paul Murschetz|title=State Aid for Newspapers|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-642-35691-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6-9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|access-date=30 December 2014|chapter=Austria: Press Subsidies in Search of a New Design}}</ref> Its circulation was 80,000 copies in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Austria 2013|url=http://www.wptdatabase.org/reports/2013/austria#wpt-report-chapter-3|work=WAN IFRA|access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref>

==CIA involvement==
In 2009, reports claimed that the long-time editor [[Otto Schulmeister]] had been working for the [[CIA]] in the 1960s and the 1970s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salzburg.com/nwas/index.php?article=DText/wknhb%240d36ursw-sqogwtfx&img=&text=&mode=&section=ticker&channel=nachrichten&sort=|title=Salzburger Nachrichten |publisher=Salzburg|access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475363/Die-Presse|title=Die Presse (Austrian newspaper)|encyclopedia=Britannica Online Encyclopedia|access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref> and the CIA already described it internally as “CIA-subsidized” as early as 1951, when the CIA used it to distribute ''[[Animal Farm]]'' in the [[Allied-occupied Austria|Soviet Zone of Vienna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/1951-09-01.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812171523/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/1951-09-01.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2016|title=Director's Log|work=Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room|page=194|date=6 Dec 1951|access-date=15 Jul 2020|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Merrill |first1=John Calhoun |last2=Fisher |first2=Harold A. |title=The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers |year=1980 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8038-8095-5 |pages=250–255 |language=en}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Die Presse |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Die-Presse |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=18 November 2021 |date=6 September 2017 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

Die Presse - Revision history

Flying Bee at 08:03, 13 January 2023