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{{Jainism}}<br />
'''Digambara Terapanth''' is one of the sects of [[Digambara]] [[Jainism]], the other being the ''[[Bispanthi]]'' sect. It formed out of strong opposition to the religious domination of traditional religious leaders called ''[[bhattaraka]]s'' during the 12-16th century A.D, for the bhattarakas starting deviating from the original/Mula jain customs. They oppose the worship of various minor gods and goddesses. Some Terapanthi practices, like not using flowers in worship, gradually spread throughout most of [[North India]]n Jainism as well.<br />
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==Origin==<br />
The Terapanthi movement was born out of the ''Adhyatma'' movement that arose in 1626 AD ([[Vikram Samvat|V.S.]] 1683) in [[Agra]]. Its leading proponent was [[Banarasidas]] of Agra.<ref>Ardhakathanaka: Half a tale, a Study in the Interrelationship between Autobiography and History, Mukunda Lath (trans. and ed.), Jaipur 2005. {{ISBN|978-8129105660}}</ref> Adhyatma groups flourished during 1644-1726 in Agra, Lahore and Multan. The poet Dyanatrai was associated with the Adhyatma movement.<br />
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[[Image:Amber Fort, Jaigarh Fort in background.jpg|thumb|270px|Amber Town, [[Jaipur]]]]<br />
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The Bispanth-Terapanth division among the Digambaras emerged in the 17th century in the Jaipur region: [[Sanganer]], [[Amer, India|Amer]] and [[Jaipur]] itself.<ref>John E. Cort "A Tale of Two Cities: On the Origins of Digambara Sectarianism in North India." L. A. Babb, V. Joshi, and M. W. Meister (eds.), Multiple Histories: Culture and Society in the Study of Rajasthan, 39-83. Jaipur: Rawat, 2002.</ref><br />
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Terapanth was formally founded by Amra Bhaunsa Godika and his son Jodhraj Godika, prominent citizens in Sanganer, during 1664-1667. They expressed opposition to Bhattaraka Narendrakirti of Amber. Authors [[Daulatram Kasliwal]]<ref>[http://www.jainuniverse.com/AgamTimeLog.html Time log of Great Jain Shastras] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011350/http://www.jainuniverse.com/AgamTimeLog.html |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> and [[Pandit Todarmal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atmadharma.com/shastras/mokshmargprakashak_eng_txt/index.html |title=The Illuminator of the Path of Liberation) By Acharyakalp Pt. Todamalji, Jaipur |publisher=Atmadharma.com |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref>) were associated with the Terapanth movement.<br />
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Bakhtaram in his "Mithyatva Khandan Natak" (1764) mentions<ref>Bakhtram Sah Krit Buddhivilas, Rajsthan Oriental Research Institute, Ed. Padma Dhar Pathak, 1964</ref> that group that started it included 13 individuals who collectively built a new temple, thus giving it its name ''Terapanth'', which literally means "thirteen-[[panthan]]". Alternatively, according to "Kavitta Terapanth kau" by Chanda Kavi, the movement was named Terapanth because it founders disagreed with the Bhattaraka on thirteen points. A letter of 1692 from Terapanthis at Kama to those at Sanganer mentions 13 rituals practices they rejected.<br />
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The Terapanthis reject these practices:<br />
Mentioned in Buddhivilas (1770) of Bakhtaram:<ref>Bakhtram Sah Krit Buddhivilas, Rajsthan Oriental Research Institute, Ed. Padma Dhar Pathak, 1964</ref><br />
[[Image:Shravanbelgola Gomateshvara head white.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Bisapanthi]] [[Abhisheka]] at [[Shravanabelagola]]]]<br />
* Authority of Bhattarakas<br />
* Use of flowers, cooked food or lamps<br />
* Abhisheka (panchamrita)<br />
* consecration of images without supervision by the representatives of Bhattarakas.<br />
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The letter by Tera Panthis at Kama also mentions:<ref>John E. Cort "A Tale of Two Cities: On the Origins of Digambara Sectarianism in North India." L. A. Babb, V. Joshi, and M. W. Meister (eds.), Multiple Histories: Culture and Society in the Study of Rajasthan, 39-83. Jaipur: Rawat, 2002.</ref><br />
* Puja while seated<br />
* Puja at night<br />
* Using drums in the temple<br />
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''Terapanth Khandan'' of Pandit Pannalal also mentions:<ref>John E. Cort "A Tale of Two Cities: On the Origins of Digambara Sectarianism in North India." L. A. Babb, V. Joshi, and M. W. Meister (eds.), Multiple Histories: Culture and Society in the Study of Rajasthan, 39-83. Jaipur: Rawat, 2002.</ref><br />
* Worship of minor gods like the [[guardians of the directions]], ''[[śāsana]]devi''s such as [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]], and [[Kshetrapala]].<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Jainism]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
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{{Jain Gurus}}<br />
{{Jainism Topics}}<br />
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[[Category:Digambara sects]]<br />
[[Category:1626 establishments in India]]</div>>SdkbBot