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{{autobiography|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dinker B. Rai
| image = Dinker B Rai ProfilePic2.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|04|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Karnataka State]], India
| nationality = United States
| spouse = Shakila Rai
| children = Seema, Arjun, Rahul
| alma_mater = [[Bangalore Medical College]], St Aloysius School, Brooklyn Jewish Hospital and Medical Center, [[Maimonides Medical Center]]
| awards = Jewel of India of NRI’s Of North America by Manish Media, New York State Assembly Certificate of Merit, A. Vann, Member of Assembly
}}

'''Dinker Belle Rai''' is a Board Certified Indian American vascular surgeon who serves as the Chairman of the Department of Surgery and as the Chief of the Department of Vascular Surgery / Vascular Laboratory at the Interfaith Medical Center, [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. He is a visiting Clinical Professor at the Health & Science Center of the [[State University of New York]] in [[Brooklyn]] and a visiting Professor at the Rajiv Gandhi University in [[Bangalore]], India. Rai is a [[Fellow of the American College of Surgeons]] and a Fellow of the Royal Canadian College of Surgeons. He is credited with developing the first ever method for retrograde catheterization of the venous tree. This invention was given a United States patent in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US4995878|title=Patent: 4995878 held by Dr. Dinker B. Rai}}</ref> Based on this patent, a company called The Ideas For Medicine, Inc. (now part of Horizon Medical Products, Inc.) manufactured and still distributes out a series of catheters, known as Rai’s Catheters for use in performing descending phlebographic tests and for venous embolectomies.<ref>Newspaper News India September 15, 1985 page 25</ref> He is also credited with the discovery of the motion of venous valves in human beings. His original research on histopathological specimens of patients with saphenofemoral – incompetency resulted in a paradigm shift in management of [[varicose veins]]. He performed the first ever vein transplantation below the knee. The discovery of right atrial mechanical function is a pivotal discovery in his medical research work. He is an editor for the International Journal of Angiology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thieme.com/books-main/surgery/product/2176-international-journal-of-angiology|title=International Journal of Angiology-See Editorial Board}}</ref> Rai has been featured in the book "Jewels of India"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manishmedia.com/jewelsofindia2.html |title=Dr. Dinker B. Rai featured in Jewels Of India publication |accessdate=7 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925144113/http://www.manishmedia.com/jewelsofindia2.html |archivedate=25 September 2015 }}</ref> for his contributions in the medicine, art, sports and cultural arenas.

==Early and personal life==
[[File:Family photo of Dinker Rai.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Family photo of Dinker Rai.]]
Rai was born in [[Puttur, Karnataka]], India on 28 April 1947 to Kedambady Narayana Rai, a famous criminal lawyer practicing in [[Mangalore]] and Belle Sanjivi Rai. He spent his early childhood in [[Mangalore]] and studied at St. Aloysius School and College. During his school days, he represented [[Mysore State]] in school cricket games. A portrait he painted of the then US President [[John F Kennedy]] during his school days is displayed at the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]] in [[Boston, MA]]. He currently lives in [[Old Westbury]], [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]] with his wife Shakila Rai. They have three children - Seema, Arjun and Rahul.

==Education==
Rai did his schooling at St. Aloysius School [[Mangalore]] from 1952 to 1963. He completed his pre-university degree from St. Aloysius College [[Mangalore]] in 1964. After finishing pre-university, he attended the [[Bangalore Medical College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmcalumni.com/BMC-GOLDEN-JUBILEE-SOUVENIR-5.pdf|title=BMC Alumni Golden Jubilee Souvenir}}</ref> He graduated from [[Bangalore Medical College]] with a distinction in Pathology and as captain of an All Indian Regional University Cricket team (South Zone).<ref>Newspaper Ten Deccan Herald, January 7, 1970</ref> He was awarded the "Best Outgoing Sportsman and Student of the Year" award for the academic year 1969–70. After completing his [[M.B.B.S]] (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) from [[Bangalore Medical College]] India, he was a rotating Intern at Victoria Hospital Bangalore, India from 1970 to 1971.

==Career==
He did his surgical training in the General Surgery Residency training program at the Brooklyn Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of New York from 1974 to 1977, Chief Residency in Surgery in 1977 to 1978 and Fellowship in Vascular Surgery specializing in venous diseases at Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York in 1979. He served as the Director of the Phlebology Society of America in 1989. He participated in the first ever historical strike by the resident doctors of New York to reform the working conditions of New York while under training. The historical strike changed the Medical Residency working conditions throughout the nation.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| width = 300
| image1 = Dinker B Rai DoctorsStrike.jpg
| caption1 = Rai (second from left) participating with resident doctors of New York in a historical strike to reform their working conditions
| image2 =
| caption2 = Article in the Brooklyn Bridge Magazine
| image3 =
| caption3 = First vein valve transplant patient - Daily News April 14, 1986
}}

He has received the following certifications:{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

* Certified by the Canadian Board of Surgery (1980).
* Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons Canada (1980).
* Certified by the American Board of Surgery (1981). Recertified (1991, 2002).
* Fellow of American College of Surgeons (1983).
* Fellow of the Phlebology Society of America (1986).
* Field Liaison Fellow of American Cancer Society (1986).
* Fellow of the International College of Surgeons (1987).
* Fellow of the American Venous Forum (1991).
* Fellow of the International College of Angiology (1991).

He has been a member of:

* The Brooklyn/Long Island Chapter of American College of Surgeons (1981).
* The Brooklyn Surgical Society (1986).

He has held the following positions at the Jewish Medical Center now known as Interfaith Medical Center:{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

* Chairman of the Cancer Committee (1983).
* Member of the Infectious Disease Committee (1984–present).
* Member of the Medical Executive Committee (1985–present).
* Treasurer of the Medical Executive Committee (1989-1993).
* Member of the Operative Committee (1990–present).
* Member of the Cancer Committee (1992–present).
* The President of the Medical Staff (1993-1997).
* Member of the Quality Assurance Committee (1993–present).
* Member of the Pharmacy Committee (1993–present).
* Chairman of the QA Committee, Department of Surgery.

In addition to this, he serves on the Interdisciplinary Advisory Board for the Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jcasonline.com/editorialboard.asp|title=Interdisciplinary Advisory Board - JCAS}}</ref> He is an Editorial Board Member of the International College of Angiology Journal and Tracks Journal and is on the Board of Directors of the Phlebology Society of America.

He has authored the “Manual of Sclerotherapy and Phlebectomy of Varicose Veins and Telangiectasias for New Practitioners” published by Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists, Bangalore Chapter in 2006.<ref>Manual of Sclerotherapy and Phlebectomy of Varicose Veins and Telangiectasias for New Practitioners published by Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists, Bangalore Chapter 2006.</ref> He has contributed the following two chapters to the "Textbook of Angiology", published by Springer Verlag, 2000 {{cite book|title=Textbook of Angiology|year=2012|publisher=Springer|pages=1360 pages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTzTBwAAQBAJ}}

* Chronic Venous Insufficiency Disease: Etiology and Treatment.
* Descending Phlebography.

==Surgical techniques and inventions==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| width = 200
| image1 = Dinker B Rai WithEarlBell.jpeg
| caption1 = Earl U. Bell of national news channel CBS interviewing Rai about Vein Valve transplantation surgery & invention of Rai's Catheter
| image2 = Patent Pic of Dinker B. Rai.jpg
| caption2 = Patent showing method to catheterize venous tree in retrograde fashion
}}

* Rai is a pioneer in chronic venous disease research.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} He implemented new techniques for descending phlebography to diagnose venous disease. He devised a surgical procedure for vein valve transplantation<ref>Newspaper Daily News titled Hosp’s leg ulcer cure, April 14, 1986</ref> and a surgical procedure for venous embolectomy. He also invented a diagnostic test for venous hemodynamics. He created a surgical technique for small vessel anastomosis in arterial surgery and vein patch arterioplasty. Earl U. Bell of the national news channel [[CBS]] interviewed him about vein valve transplant surgery and his invention, the Rai’s [[Catheter]].
* Invention of Catheters: Rai is credited{{by whom|date=October 2015}} with creating the following catheters
- The Rai’s catheter for percutaneous extremity approach <br/>
- The Rai’s three lumen balloon catheter – for groin approach <br/>
- The Rai’s “J” tip catheter – for groin approach <br/>
- The Rai’s antegrade venous embolectomy catheter <br/>
- The Rai’s retrograde venous embolectomy catheter

NOTE: Catheters a, b and c are used in the diagnosis of venous disease to perform descending phlebography.

* He displayed his Venogram Catheter at the 5th European American meeting for venous disease, [[Vienna]], 1990, American College of Surgeons, [[San Francisco]], 1990, Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery, [[New York City]], 1989 and the American College of Surgery, [[Atlanta]], 1989.
* Rai's videotapes on these surgical procedures is available in the American College of Surgeon Education Library: Infragenicular Arterial Reconstruction (15 minutes).<ref>American College of Surgeon/Educational Library 1996-97, page 19 ref ACS 1681</ref> He also has videotapes on Vein Valve transplantation - A New Technique (15 minutes), Descending Phlebography – Pericarpal Subcutaneous Approach (15 minutes), Venous Embolectomy – A New Technique (15 minutes).

==New discoveries==
Rai discovered the motion of venous valves in human beings i.e. its rhythmical opening and closing during each cardiac beat. This new information on venous valves comes almost 500 years after discovery by Fabricus Acquapedente of [[Padua University]] that venous valves are one way doors allowing blood to go towards the heart.<ref>Interview: The functioning of the Heart: Dr. Dinker Rai’s Discovery- Bhavan’s Journal VOL .5:9&10. February 1986</ref>

He discovered that venous blood flow is pulsatile which, prior to Rai's discovery, was described only as linear flow.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

He is best known for his discovery of the mechanical function of atrial chambers of the heart. With experimental evidence on the canine heart, he discovered that atrial diastole is the key force that creates a negative pressure that brings blood back to the heart. Diastole is an - active expansion of the muscle on which the cardiac return depends. This is an addition to Starling’s law of muscle contraction that muscle not only actively contracts but expands as well. This significant historic discovery was made approximately 500 years after Sir [[William Harvey]]'s discovery of the mechanical function of Ventricular Systole. This discovery has opened doors for new understanding / treatment of heart failure, atrial fibrillation and in improving the design and functioning of prosthetic hearts.

==Sports career==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| width = 200
| image1 =
| caption1 = Varsity Cricket picture
| image2 =
| caption2 = Dinker Rai sitting third from left
| image3 =
| caption3 = Dinker Rai with his former team mate B.S. Chandrashekhar
| image4 = Dinker B Rai WithSunnyG GRVishy DrAttavar.jpg
| caption4 = Dinker Rai posing with old cricket mates Sunil Gavaskar, G.R. Vishwanath and friend Padmasree Manmohan Attavar
}}
Rai captained the [[Bangalore University]] cricket team that won the South Zone finals and that, for the first time, went all way to the All India finals in 1969. He captained the Combined Universities Cricket team of the South Zone of India and Sri Lanka in 1969. He was selected for the [[Karnataka]] [[Ranji Trophy]] team in 1970.<ref>Newspaper Ten Deccan Herald, titled Dinker Rai Cracks Brilliant Century January 7, 1970</ref> In lieu of his contribution to cricket, his name is on the Honor Roll at the [[Chinnaswamy Stadium]] Cricket Museum in [[Bangalore]].

He is an avid golfer and his interest in the sport led him to promote a project to build a PGA standard 18 hole golf course through his company, Indus International Golf Resorts and Estates<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indussportsresorts.com/promoters.asp|title=Dr. Dinker B. Rai - Promoter for the Indus Golf Resorts and Estates|access-date=2015-09-09|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140510140905/http://www.indussportsresorts.com/promoters.asp|archive-date=2014-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> in Bangalore, India. The project is currently in progress. The architects of the golf course are Ronald Fream and Kevin Ramsay of Golf Plan and the construction is being managed by an American construction company, Heritage Incorporation.

==Artistic work==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| width = 200
| image1 = Dinker B Rai PresKennedySketch.jpeg
| caption1 = Indian Ink Wash Work Portrait of President Kennedy by Dinker B Rai
| image2 =
| caption2 = Portrait of the first Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru by Dinker B Rai
| image3 =
| caption3 = A painting by Dinker Rai in 1990
}}
Under the guidance of Indian artist B. Gulam Mahammad, Rai learnt the "India Ink Wash work" technique using a brush. The portrait he made of then US President [[John F. Kennedy]] was based on a photograph by [[Yousef Karsh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coffeeandjamesbond.wordpress.com/2012/09/15/visual-review-2-photographer-yousuf-karsh/|title=Side profile picture of President Kennedy by famed photographer Yousef Karsh}}</ref>

==Cultural work==
[[File:Dinker B Rai WithPresidentVenkataraman.jpg|thumb|300px|With Indian President R. Venkataraman]]
Rai has also served on the Board and as the Chairman of the [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=68024 |title=Mangalorean.com - Chairmanship of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, US conferred to Dr. Dinker B. Rai |accessdate=22 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925064903/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=68024 |archivedate=25 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=43744&n_tit=M%27lore%3A+Dr+Dinkar+Rai+Conferred+Chairmanship+of+Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan|title=Daijiworld.com - Chairmanship of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, US conferred to Dr. Dinker B. Rai|accessdate=20 February 2008}}</ref> He has contributed various articles to the Bhavans Journal - A Travellers Experience,<ref>A travelers Experience, Bhavan's News VOL. 5:4-5.5, April 1985</ref> [[Goddess Kali]],<ref>Goddess “Kali”, Bana Journal VOL.1 Issue 3 march 1997</ref> Mystery of [[Om]],<ref>Mystery of Om Bhavan’s News, VOL. 5:9-5.10, February 1986</ref> Gita The Gospel of [[Krishna]],<ref>Gita, The Gospel of Krishna, Bana Journal VOL.1 Issue 2 October 1996</ref> Lingering Feelings,<ref>Lingering Feelings, Bhavan's News VOL. 7:3-7.6, March 1987</ref> Conversations with Swami Bua, Masters of all Masters, salutations to Sage Kapila,<ref>Salutations to Sage Kapila- Bhavan’s News, Vol.6:2-6.3, March 1986</ref> Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga.<ref>Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga, Bhavan’s News VOL. 29 June 2012</ref> Under his chairmanship, the Bharatiya Vidhya Bhavan (US) conducted conferences on Ayurveda, Vedic Astrology conference, and Bhagavad Gita. He is a founding member of American Academy of Ayurvedic Medicine, Inc. (AAAM).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayurvedicacademy.com/founding.htm|title=Founding Member - AAAM|access-date=2015-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015923/http://ayurvedicacademy.com/founding.htm|archive-date=2015-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Recognition and awards==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=October 2015}}
* Interfaith Spirit Award for Excellence in patient Care, 2001
* Certificate of Recognition, New York State Assembly, Darryl C. Towns
* Certificate of Special Congressional Recognition, June, 2001
* City Council Citation, Annette M. Robinson, Council Member
* City Council Citation, Gray, L. B. Council Member
* Certificate of Recognition, New York State Senator, Mary Markowitz
* New York State Assembly Certificate of Merit, A. Vann, Member of Assembly
* Certificate of Recognition, New York State Senator, V. Montgomery
* Certificate of Appreciation, Interfaith Medical Center Auxiliary, June 7, 2001

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Dinker Belle}}
[[Category:American medical researchers]]
[[Category:American vascular surgeons]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Indian descent in health professions]]
[[Category:American people of Kannada descent]]

Dinker Belle Rai - Revision history

>JJMC89 bot III at 01:25, 25 January 2021