>Declangi at 19:42, 16 May 2021

2021-05-16T19:42:16Z

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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}
{{Italic title}}
{{speciesbox
|name = Coromandel ebony
|image = Bark of Diospyros melanoxylon.jpg
|image_alt =
|image_caption = Bark of the Coromandel ebony
|genus = Diospyros
|species = melanoxylon
|authority = Roxb.<ref name=species_info>{{GRIN | access-date=2009-04-09}}</ref>
|synonyms =
* ''Diospyros dubia'' Wall. ex A.DC.
* ''Diospyros exsculpta'' Bedd.
* ''Diospyros exsculpta'' Dalzell & Gibson
* ''Diospyros montana'' B.Heyne ex A.DC.
* ''Diospyros roylei'' Wall. ex A.DC.
* ''Diospyros rubiginosa'' Roth
* ''Diospyros tupru'' Buch.-Ham.
* ''Diospyros wightiana'' Wall. nom. inval.
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Diospyros+melanoxylon|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species}}</ref>
}}

'''''Diospyros melanoxylon''''', the '''Coromandel ebony''' or '''East Indian ebony''', is a species of [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[tree]] in the family [[Ebenaceae]] native to [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]; it has a hard, dry bark. Its common name derives from [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel]], the coast of southeastern India. Locally it is known as ''temburini'' or by its [[Hindi]] name ''tendu''. In [[Odisha]], [[Jharkhand]], and [[Assam]], it is known as ''kendu''. The leaves can be wrapped around tobacco to create the Indian ''[[beedi]]'',<ref name="Lal">{{Cite journal
| last = Lal
| first = Pranay
| title = Bidi – A short history
| journal = Current Science
| volume = 96
| issue = 10
| pages = 1335–1337
| publisher = Current Science Association
| location = Bangalore, India
| date = 25 May 2009
| url = http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Bidi.pdf
| access-date =5 May 2013}}</ref> which has outsold conventional cigarettes in India.<ref>[http://www.tobaccofreeunion.org/files/44.pdf "...bidis command 48 percent of the market while chewing tobacco commands 38 percent and cigarettes 14 percent..."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306053754/http://www.tobaccofreeunion.org/files/44.pdf |date=6 March 2012 }}, "The Tax Treatment of Bidis", tobaccofreeunion.org</ref> The olive-green fruit of the tree is edible<ref>http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Diospyros+melanoxylon</ref>


==Pharmacology==
[[File:Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu.jpg|thumb|right|Tendu patta (leaf) collection]]
The leaf of the tree contains valuable [[flavone]]s.<ref>NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS MELANOXYLON, Uppuluri V. Mallavadhani and Anita Mahapatra</ref> The pentacyclic [[triterpene]]s found in the leaves possess antimicrobial properties,<ref>Antimicrobial Activity of Some Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Their Synthesized 3-O-Lipophilic Chains, Uppuluri Venkata MALLAVADHANI,*, a Anita MAHAPATRA, a Kaiser JAMIL, b and Peddi Srinivasa REDDY, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27(10) 1576—1579 (2004) Vol. 27, No. 10</ref> while the bark shows [[antihyperglycemic]] activity.<ref>Antihyperglycemic effect of ''Diospyros melanoxylon'' (Roxb.) bark against Alloxan-induced diabetic rats Jadhav J. K*.Masirkar V. J., Deshmukh V. N.International Journal of PharmTech Research
CODEN( USA): IJPRIF {{ISSN|0974-4304}}, Vol.1, No.2, pp 196-200, April–June 2009</ref> The bark of four ''Diospyros'' species found in India has been determined to have significant [[antiplasmodial]] effects against ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'', which causes [[malaria]] in humans.<ref>Investigation of Indian ''Diospyros'' Species for Antiplasmodial Properties, V. S. Satyanarayana Kantamreddi and Colin W. Wright. eCAM 2008;5(2)187–190</ref>

==Method of collection==
Tendu leaves are used as a wrapper for [[Beedi]]. During the summer, fresh leaves are produced by the suckers that emerge from the soil. This is also enhanced by lighting a fire beneath the Tendu tree. The fresh leaves are hand-picked by the tribals and dried in the sun for 10 days. This practice is seen in [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] states of [[India]]. The State Government gives the license for collection and processing of the tendu leaves through tender every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/managementpdf/1444811756Central%20Chanda%20Vol-I.pdf|title=Working Plan of central Chanda forest division, Chandrapur|publisher=mahaforest.nic.in|access-date=2018-05-28}}</ref>

==Varieties==
There is one named variety of this species, ''Diospyros melanoxylon'' var. ''tupru.''<ref>https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/265568</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2672321}}

[[Category:Diospyros|melanoxylon]]
[[Category:Flora of India (region)]]
[[Category:Trees of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Non-timber forest products]]

Diospyros melanoxylon - Revision history

>Declangi at 19:42, 16 May 2021