Ajay Kumar at 08:06, 20 August 2023

2023-08-20T08:06:55Z

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{{short description|Film genre}}
{{redirect|Disaster movie|the 2008 film of that title|Disaster Movie|movies that perform "disastrously" from a financial standpoint|Box-office bomb}}

A '''disaster film''' or '''disaster movie''' is a [[film genre]] that has an impending or ongoing [[disaster]] as its subject and primary [[plot device]]. Such disasters may include [[natural disaster]]s, [[accident]]s, [[offensive (military)|military]]/[[terrorism|terrorist attacks]] or global catastrophes such as a [[pandemic]]. A subgenre of [[Action film|action films]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmsite.org/subgenres.html|title=Film Sub-Genres|publisher=[[Filmsite.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/subgenre/disaster-film-d512|title=Subgenre - Disaster Film|publisher=[[AllMovie]]}}</ref> these films usually feature some degree of build-up, the disaster itself, and sometimes the aftermath, usually from the point of view of specific individual characters or their families or portraying the survival tactics of different people.

These films often feature large casts of actors and multiple plot lines, focusing on the characters' attempts to avert, escape or cope with the disaster and its aftermath. The genre came to particular prominence during the 1970s with the release of high-profile films such as ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'' (1970), followed in quick succession by ''[[The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)|The Poseidon Adventure]]'' (1972), ''[[Earthquake (1974 film)|Earthquake]]'' (1974) and ''[[The Towering Inferno]]'' (1974).<ref name="BookRags, Disaster Movies">{{cite web |title=BookRags, Disaster Movies |work=bookrags.com |url=http://www.bookrags.com/Disaster_film |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017213041/http://www.bookrags.com/Disaster_film |archive-date=2007-10-17 }}</ref>

The casts are generally made up of familiar [[character actors]]. Once the disaster begins in the film, the characters are usually confronted with human weaknesses, often falling in love and almost always finding a villain to blame. The films usually feature a persevering hero or heroine ([[Charlton Heston]], [[Steve McQueen]], etc.) called upon to lead the struggle against the threat. In many cases, the "evil" or "selfish" individuals are the first to succumb to the conflagration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/disasterfilms.html|title=Disaster Films|website=www.filmsite.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029013258/http://www.filmsite.org/disasterfilms.html|archive-date=2007-10-29}}</ref> The genre experienced a renewal in the 1990s boosted by [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) and large studio budgets which allowed for greater spectacle, culminating in the cinematic phenomenon that was [[James Cameron]]'s ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/subgenre/disaster-film-d512 |title=Disaster Film Movies and Films - Find Disaster Film Movie Recommendations, Casts, Reviews, and Summaries - AllRovi |access-date=2011-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714155851/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/subgenre/disaster-film-d512 |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}</ref>

==Origins==
Disaster themes are almost as old as the film medium itself. One of the earliest was ''[[Fire! (1901 film)|Fire!]]'' (1901) made by James Williamson of England. The [[silent film]] portrayed a burning house and the firemen who arrive to quench the flames and rescue the inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Fire!'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0000355/ |access-date=2007-08-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821134546/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0000355/ |archive-date=2009-08-21 }}</ref> Origins of the genre can also be found in ''[[In Nacht und Eis]]'' (1912), about the sinking of the ''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]''; ''Atlantis'' (1913), also about the ''Titanic''; the Danish ''[[The End of the World (1916 film)|The End of the World]]'' (1916), (about a [[comet]]); ''[[Noah's Ark (1928 film)|Noah's Ark]]'' (1928), the Biblical story from Genesis about the great flood; ''[[Deluge (film)|Deluge]]'' (1933), about [[tsunami|tidal waves]] devastating [[New York City]]; ''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'' (1933), with a gigantic [[gorilla]] rampaging through New York City; and ''[[The Last Days of Pompeii (1935 film)|The Last Days of Pompeii]]'' (1935), dealing with the [[Mount Vesuvius]] volcanic eruption in 79 AD.<ref name="filmsite">{{cite web |title=Filmsite, Greatest Disaster Film Scenes |work=filmsite.org |url=http://www.filmsite.org/filmdisasters1.html |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807091821/http://www.filmsite.org/filmdisasters1.html |archive-date=2007-08-07 }}</ref>

[[John Ford]]'s ''[[The Hurricane (1937 film)|The Hurricane]]'' (1937) concluded with the striking sequence of a [[tropical cyclone]] ripping through a fictional South Pacific island. The drama ''[[San Francisco (1936 film)|San Francisco]]'' (1936) depicted the historic [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], while ''[[In Old Chicago]]'' (1937) recreated [[The Great Chicago Fire]] which burned through the city in 1871.<ref name="filmsite" /> [[Carol Reed]]'s 1939 film, ''[[The Stars Look Down (film)|The Stars Look Down]]'', examines a catastrophe at a [[coal mine]] in [[North-East England]].

Inspired by the end of [[World War II]] and the beginning of the [[Atomic Age]], [[science fiction]] films of the 1950s, including ''[[When Worlds Collide (1951 film)|When Worlds Collide]]'' (1951), ''[[The War of the Worlds (1953 film)|The War of the Worlds]]'' (1953) and ''[[Godzilla, King of the Monsters!]]'' (1956), routinely used world disasters as plot elements. This trend would continue with ''[[The Deadly Mantis]]'' (1957), ''[[The Day the Earth Caught Fire]]'' (1961) and ''[[Crack in the World]]'' (1965). Volcanic disasters would also feature in films such as ''[[The Devil at 4 O'Clock]]'' (1961) starring [[Spencer Tracy]] and [[Frank Sinatra]], and the 1969 epic ''[[Krakatoa, East of Java]]'' starring [[Maximilian Schell]].<ref name="filmsite2">{{cite web |title=Filmsite, Greatest Disaster Film Scenes |work=filmsite.org |url=http://www.filmsite.org/filmdisasters2.html |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807001003/http://www.filmsite.org/filmdisasters2.html |archive-date=2007-08-07 }}</ref>

As in the silent film era, the sinking of the ''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]'' would continue to be a popular disaster with filmmakers and audiences alike. [[Werner Klingler]] and [[Herbert Selpin]] released the [[epic film]] ''[[Titanic (1943 film)|Titanic]]'' in 1943. The film was soon banned in [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and its director, Selpin, was allegedly executed. The film was a staple for all Titanic films, and scenes became stock footage for the British version. [[Clifton Webb]] and [[Barbara Stanwyck]] starred in the 1953 [[20th Century Fox]] production ''[[Titanic (1953 film)|Titanic]]'', followed by the highly regarded [[United Kingdom|British]] film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'' in 1958. The British action-adventure film ''[[The Last Voyage]]'' (1960), while not about the Titanic disaster but a predecessor to ''[[The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)|The Poseidon Adventure]]'', starred [[Robert Stack]] as a man desperately attempting to save his wife ([[Dorothy Malone]]) and child trapped in a sinking [[ocean liner]]. The film, concluding with the dramatic sinking of the ship, was nominated for an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] for [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]].<ref name="filmsite2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, Awards for ''The Last Voyage'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0054016/awards |access-date=2007-08-10}}</ref>

Additional precursors to the popular disaster films of the 1970s include ''[[The High and the Mighty (film)|The High and the Mighty]]'' (1954), starring [[John Wayne]] and Robert Stack as pilots of a crippled airplane attempting to cross the ocean; ''[[Zero Hour!]]'' (1957), written by [[Arthur Hailey]] (who also penned the 1968 novel ''[[Airport (novel)|Airport]]'') about an airplane crew that succumbs to food poisoning; ''[[Jet Storm]]'' and ''[[Jet Over the Atlantic]]'', two 1959 films both featuring attempts to blow up an airplane in mid-flight; ''[[The Crowded Sky]]'' (1960) which depicts a mid-air collision; and ''[[The Doomsday Flight]]'' (1966), written by [[Rod Serling]] and starring [[Edmond O'Brien]] as a disgruntled aerospace engineer who plants a barometric pressure bomb on an airliner built by his former employer set to explode when the airliner descends for landing.<ref name="filmsite2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=CultMovies, Disaster Epics |work=cultmovies.info |url=http://www.cultmovies.info/directors/disaster/disaster.html |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613054726/http://www.cultmovies.info/directors/disaster/disaster.html |archive-date=2007-06-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''The Doomsday Flight'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0060333/ |access-date=2007-08-10}}</ref>

==1970s peak==
The golden age of the disaster film began in 1970 with the release of ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]''.<ref name="BookRags, Disaster Movies"/> A huge financial success, earning more than $100 million ($713 million in 2022-adjusted dollars) at the box office, the film was directed by [[George Seaton]] and starred [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Dean Martin]], [[George Kennedy]], [[Jacqueline Bisset]] and [[Helen Hayes]]. While not exclusively focused on a disaster—in this case, an airplane crippled by the explosion of a bomb—the film established the blueprint of multiple plotlines acted out by an all-star cast. ''Airport'' was nominated for 10 [[Academy Awards]], including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], winning [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for Hayes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Airport'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0065377/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328192334/http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0065377/ |archive-date=2006-03-28 }}</ref>

The 1972 release of ''[[The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)|The Poseidon Adventure]]'' was another huge financial success, notching an impressive $84 million in US/Canada gross rental theatrical rentals ($592 Million in 2022-adjusted dollars); the disaster film officially became a movie-going craze.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Directed by [[Ronald Neame]] and starring [[Gene Hackman]], [[Ernest Borgnine]], [[Shelley Winters]] and [[Red Buttons]], the film detailed survivors' attempts at escaping a sinking ocean liner overturned by a giant wave triggered by an earthquake. ''The Poseidon Adventure'' was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] for [[Shelley Winters]], and winning for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Original Song]] and receiving a [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Special Achievement Award for visual effects]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''The Poseidon Adventure'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0069113/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050517104721/http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0069113/ |archive-date=2005-05-17 }}</ref>

The trend reached its zenith in 1974 with the release of ''[[The Towering Inferno]]'', ''[[Earthquake (1974 film)|Earthquake]],'' and ''[[Airport 1975]]'' (the first ''Airport'' sequel). The competing films enjoyed staggering success at the box office, with ''The Towering Inferno'' earning $116 million ($697 million in 2022-adjusted dollars), ''Earthquake'' earning $79 million ($475 million in 2022-adjusted dollars), and ''Airport 1975'' earning $47 million ($282 million in 2022-adjusted dollars) in theatrical rentals.<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Wallechinsky|author-link= David Wallechinsky| title=The Book of Lists|url=https://archive.org/details/bookoflists00wall_0 |url-access=registration | publisher=Bantam Books |year = 1977|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bookoflists00wall_0/page/197 197]| isbn =0-553-12400-5}}</ref>

Arguably the greatest of the 1970s disaster films, ''The Towering Inferno'' was a joint venture of [[20th Century Fox]] and [[Warner Bros.]] and was produced by [[Irwin Allen]] (eventually known as "The Master of Disaster", as he had previously helmed ''The Poseidon Adventure'' and later produced ''[[The Swarm (1978 film)|The Swarm]]'', ''[[Beyond the Poseidon Adventure]]'' and ''[[When Time Ran Out]]...''). Directed by [[John Guillermin]] and starring [[Paul Newman]], [[Steve McQueen]], [[William Holden]] and [[Faye Dunaway]], the film depicts a huge fire engulfing the tallest building in the world and firefighters' attempts at rescuing occupants trapped on the top floor. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards including Best Picture, winning for [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''The Towering Inferno'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0072308/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224134139/http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0072308/ |archive-date=2007-02-24 }}</ref>

''Earthquake'' was also honored with four Academy Award nominations for its impressive special effects of a massive earthquake leveling the city of [[Los Angeles]], winning for [[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound]] and receiving a Special Achievement Award for visual effects. The film was directed by [[Mark Robson (film director)|Mark Robson]] and starred [[Charlton Heston]], [[Ava Gardner]], [[Geneviève Bujold]], George Kennedy and [[Lorne Greene]]. It was noted as the first film to utilize [[Sensurround]], where massive subwoofer speakers were installed in theaters to recreate the vibrating sensation of an earthquake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Earthquake'' |work=imdb.com |url=http://www.amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0071455/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403162438/http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0071455/ |archive-date=2007-04-03 }}</ref> Several made-for-TV movies also capitalized on the craze, including ''[[Heatwave!]]'' (1974), ''The Day the Earth Moved'' (1974), ''[[Hurricane (1974 film)|Hurricane]]'' (1974), ''[[Flood!]]'' (1976) and ''[[Fire! (1977 film)|Fire!]]'' (1977).<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Heat Wave!'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071605/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420041156/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071605/ |archive-date=2006-04-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''The Day the Earth Moved'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071392/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614022709/http://imdb.com/title/tt0071392/ |archive-date=2006-06-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Hurricane'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071638/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519041745/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071638/ |archive-date=2006-05-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Flood!'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074537/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805231124/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074537/ |archive-date=2007-08-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, ''Fire!'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076031/ |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121220234/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076031/ |archive-date=2008-01-21 }}</ref>

The trend continued on a larger scale with ''[[The Hindenburg (film)|The Hindenburg]]'' (1975), starring [[George C. Scott]]; ''[[The Cassandra Crossing]]'' (1976), starring [[Burt Lancaster]]; ''[[Two-Minute Warning]]'' (1976), starring Charlton Heston; ''[[Black Sunday (1977 film)|Black Sunday]]'' (1977), starring [[Robert Shaw (actor)|Robert Shaw]]; ''[[Rollercoaster (1977 film)|Rollercoaster]]'' in Sensurround (1977), starring [[George Segal]]; ''[[Damnation Alley (film)|Damnation Alley]]'' (1977), starring [[Jan-Michael Vincent]]; ''[[Avalanche (1978 film)|Avalanche]]'' (1978), starring [[Rock Hudson]]; ''[[Gray Lady Down]]'' (1978), also starring Charlton Heston; ''[[Hurricane (1979 film)|Hurricane]]'' (a 1979 remake of John Ford's 1937 film), starring [[Jason Robards]]; and ''[[City on Fire (1979 film)|City on Fire]]'' (1979), starring [[Barry Newman]].

''[[Skyjacked (film)|Skyjacked]]'' (1972) was a less-successful entry into the disaster film canon, following on the heels of ''Airport'' but preceding its sequel ''Airport 1975''. The ''Airport'' series would continue with ''[[Airport '77]]'' (1977) and ''[[The Concorde ... Airport '79]]'' (1979), with [[George Kennedy]] portraying the character Joe Patroni in each sequel. ''The Poseidon Adventure'' was followed by the sequel ''[[Beyond the Poseidon Adventure]]'' (1979).

The genre began to burn out by the late-1970s when the big-budget films ''[[The Swarm (1978 film)|The Swarm]]'' (1978), ''[[Meteor (film)|Meteor]]'' (1979), ''Hurricane'' (1979), ''The Concorde ... Airport '79'' (1979), ''Beyond the Poseidon Adventure'' (1979) and ''[[When Time Ran Out]]...'' (1980) performed poorly at the box office, signaling declining interest in the disaster film product.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, Box office/business for ''The Swarm'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078350/business |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230215839/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078350/business |archive-date=2004-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, Box office/business for ''Meteor'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0079550/business |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050927201524/http://imdb.com/title/tt0079550/business |archive-date=2005-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, Box office/business for ''When Time Ran Out...'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081747/business |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715044420/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081747/business |archive-date=2009-07-15 }}</ref>

Although ''[[The Big Bus]]'' (1976), an earlier disaster film spoof, had failed to be a hit, the end of the trend was marked by the 1980 comedy ''[[Airplane!]]'', which fondly spoofed the clichés of the genre to surprising box-office success, producing a sequel of its own, ''[[Airplane II: The Sequel]]'', in 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database, Box office/business for ''Airplane'' |work=imdb.com |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081747/business |access-date=2007-08-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715044420/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081747/business |archive-date=2009-07-15 }}</ref>

==1990s revival==
{{Expand section|date=March 2023}}
The resurgence of big-budget productions of the genre—aided by advancements in [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] technology during the 1990s—include such films as ''[[Twister (1996 film)|Twister]]'', ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]'', ''[[Daylight (1996 film)|Daylight]]'', ''[[Dante's Peak]]'', ''[[Volcano (1997 film)|Volcano]]'', ''[[Hard Rain (film)|Hard Rain]]'', ''[[Deep Impact (film)|Deep Impact]]'', and ''[[Armageddon (1998 film)|Armageddon]]''. In 1997, [[James Cameron]] co-produced, wrote and directed a version of the epic story of the ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''. The film combined romance with intricate special effects and was a massive success, becoming the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]] of all time for twelve years with over $2.2 billion worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office Mojo, Worldwide Grosses |work=boxofficemojo.com |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |access-date=2007-08-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010716094602/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |archive-date=2001-07-16 }}</ref> and won 11 [[Academy Awards]] including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmsite, Most Oscar Wins By Film |work=filmsite.org |url=http://www.filmsite.org/oscars2.html#1 |access-date=2007-08-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816053005/http://www.filmsite.org/oscars2.html#1 |archive-date=2007-08-16 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of disaster films]]
* [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|Doomsday film]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Catastrophe, the End of the Cinema? |last=Annan |first=David |year=1975 |publisher=Bounty Books |isbn=0-517-52420-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/catastropheendof00anna }}
*{{cite book |title=Nuclear Movies: A Critical Analysis and Filmography of International Feature Length Films Dealing With Experimentation, Aliens, Terrorism, Holocaust |last=Broderick |first=Mick |date=January 1992 |publisher=McFarland & Co. |isbn=0-89950-543-0 }}
*{{cite book |title=Disaster and Memory |last=Dixon |first=Wheeler Winston |year=1999 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=0-231-11316-1 }}
*{{cite book |title=Disaster Movies: The Cinema of Catastrophe |last=Keane |first=Stephen |year=2006 |publisher=Wallflower Press |isbn=1-905674-03-1 }}
*{{cite book |title=Apocalypse Movies: End of the World Cinema |last=Newman |first=Kim |date=February 2000 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=0-312-25369-9 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/disasterbib.html Disaster Movie Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)]
* [http://www.filmsite.org/disasterfilms.html Disaster Films]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090922194313/http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/adec_0001_0008_0/adec_0001_0008_0_02574.html Novelguide.com: Film Fads And Fashions]

{{Film genres}}
{{Disasters}}
{{Global catastrophic risks}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disaster Film}}
[[Category:Disaster films| ]]
[[Category:Film genres]]
[[Category:Thriller genres]]
[[Category:Thrillers]]

Disaster film - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 08:06, 20 August 2023