AlfonzoEsh at 19:53, 23 March 2026

2026-03-23T19:53:38Z

New page

{{Short description|Dialect of Punjabi}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Doabi
| nativename = {{Hlist|ਦੁਆਬੀ|{{nq|دوآبی}}}}
| states = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]{{efn|post partition}}
| region = {{collapsible list | title = {{nobold|[[Punjab]]}} |
*[[Doaba|Bist Doab]]
*[[Faisalabad District]]
*[[Toba Tek Singh District]]
}}
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Indo-Aryan languages#Northwestern Zone|Northwestern]]
| fam5 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| fam6 = [[Eastern Punjabi dialects|Eastern Punjabi]]
| map = File:Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg
| mapcaption = Doabi in lime
| isoexception = dialect
| glotto = doab1238
| glottorefname = Doab
}}
'''Doabi''' ({{small|Standard:}} {{IPA|pa|doːaːˈbi|}}; {{small|Doabi:}} {{IPA|pa|dʊʋaːˈbi|}}), also known as '''Bist Doabi''' or '''Jalandhari''', is an [[Eastern Punjabi dialects|eastern dialect]] of the [[Punjabi language]]. The dialect is named after the region in which it originated, [[Doaba]] or [[Bist Doab]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/intro1.asp |title=Punjabi University, Patiala. |access-date=2011-03-29 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731155756/http://learnpunjabi.org/intro1.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> between the [[Beas River|Beas]] and [[Sutlej River|Sutlej]]. Its occurrence in parts of [[Pakistani Punjab]] owes to [[Partition of India#Resettlement of refugees: 1947–1951|post-1947 migration]] of [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] populace from [[East Punjab]]. The region it is now spoken includes: the [[Jalandhar District|Jalandhar]], [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Kapurthala District|Kapurthala]], [[Una District|Una]] and [[Nawanshahr]] districts of [[Indian Punjab]], including the areas known as the Dona and [[Manjki Region|Manjki]]; and the [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]] and [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]] districts of [[Pakistani Punjab]]; and some areas of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

The sub dialects of Doabi include Dona and Manjki.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090629/punjab.htm Tribune 28 January 2009 Sarbjit Dhaliwal]</ref>

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonantal Inventory of Punjabi
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Coronal consonant|Dental/Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Plosive]]/[[Affricate]]
![[Tenuis consonant|Tenuis]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t̪}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|{{IPA link|ʈ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}*
|{{IPA link|t̪ʰ}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}*
|{{IPA link|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}*
|{{IPA link|ɖ}}
|{{IPA link|g}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}}*, {{IPA link|z}}*
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
|{{IPA link|x}}*
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|ʋ}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}*
|
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}*
|{{IPA link|ɦ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɳ}}*
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral approximant|Lateral]]
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɭ}}*
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap/Flap]]
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɽ}}
|
|
|}
[[Spirantisation]] of /{{IPA|pʰ}}/ and /{{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}/ is quite common in Punjabi, but this is less apparent in Doaba. Similarly, other Persian-borrowed phonemes are also pronounced in a more indigenous manner. {{IPA|/z, x, ɣ,/}} are pronounced {{IPA|/d͡ʒ ,kʰ, g/}} respectively. Another surprising aspect is that {{IPA|/j/}} is almost always pronounced as {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}.

[[Debuccalization|Debuccalisation]] of {{IPA|/s/}}, to {{IPA|/ɦ/}} in between vowels also occurs.

Among youngesters, {{IPA|/ɳ/}} and {{IPA|/ɭ/}} are often replaced with {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/l/}}. Though, some will replace all instances of alveolar {{IPA|/n/}} and {{IPA|/l/}} with retroflex {{IPA|/ɳ/}} and {{IPA|/ɭ/}} as a form of overcompensation.

Consonants {{IPA|/ɳ/}} and {{IPA|/ɭ/}} are often realised as [[Nasal flap|nasal]] and [[Lateral flap|lateral '''flaps''']] respectively.

Doabi's [[fortition]] {{IPA|/ʋ/}} at the start of a stressed syllable to {{IPA|[b]}}<ref name=":0" /> as in {{IPA|/'ʋə̀ɖ:a:/}} (big) to {{IPA|['bə̀ɖ:a:]}} .

They also use {{IPA|[o]}} elsewhere in a word instead of {{IPA|/ʋ/}} as in {{IPA|/'kʰʋa:b/}} (dream) to {{IPA|['kʰoa:b]}}. A distinctive feature of Doabi is the use of w. Where {{IPA|/ʋ/}} appears in the middle of a word in [[Standard Punjabi]], Doabis use {{IPA|[w]}} so that {{IPA|/ɦəʋa:/}} (wind) becomes {{IPA|[ɦəwa:]}}.

Also, the vowel {{IPA|/ʊ/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[o]}}. Accordingly, {{IPA|/'kʰʊʃ/}} (happy) becomes {{IPA|['kʰoʃ]}} or {{IPA|/'kʊʈ/}} (to beat - noun form) becomes {{IPA|['koʈ]}}. In Doabi, any word beginning with stressed {{IPA|/ɪ/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[e]}}. For example, the word {{IPA|/'kʰɪt͡ʃ/}} (to pull - noun form) is pronounced as {{IPA|['kʰet͡ʃ]}} or the word {{IPA|/'ʋɪt͡ʃ/}} (in [something]) is pronounced as {{IPA|['bet͡ʃ]}}.

The Doabi dialect in its eastern part blends with the Malwai dialect of Ludhiana District, and in its Northern side, it shares the linguistic features of Pahari. Some of the linguistic features of the Doabi dialect that separate it from other Punjabi dialects are as below:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter-III |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Chapter%203.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603160416/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Chapter%203.htm |archive-date=2016-06-03 |access-date=2014-04-03}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Consonant
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| {{IPA|p}} {{angbr|ਪ/{{nq|پ}}}}
| {{IPA|/pəl/}}
| ‘moment’ (ਪਲ/{{nq|پل}})
|-
| {{IPA|pʰ}} {{angbr|ਫ/{{nq|پھ}}}}
| {{IPA|/pʰəl/}}
| ‘fruit’ (ਫਲ/{{nq|پھل}})
|-
| {{IPA|b}} {{angbr|ਬ/{{nq|ب}}}}
| {{IPA|/baːləɳ /}}
| ‘firewood’(ਬਾਲਣ/{{nq|بالݨ}})
|-
| {{IPA|t̪}} {{angbr|ਤ/{{nq|ت}}}}
| {{IPA|/taːɾ/}}
| ‘wire’ (ਤਾਰ/{{nq|تار}})
|-
| {{IPA|t̪ʰ}} {{angbr|ਥ/{{nq|تھ}}}}
| {{IPA|/tʰaːl/}}
| ‘round tray’(ਥਾਲ/{{nq|تھال}})
|-
| {{IPA|d̪}} {{angbr|ਦ/{{nq|د}}}}
| {{IPA|/daːl/}}
| ‘pulse’ (ਦਾਲ/{{nq|دال}})
|-
| {{IPA|ʈ}} {{angbr|ਟ/{{nq|ٹ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ʈaːl/}}
| ‘pile’ (ਟਾਲ/{{nq|ٹال}})
|-
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}} {{angbr|ਠ/{{nq|ٹھ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ʈʰiːk/}}
| ‘correct’ (ਠੀਕ/{{nq|ٹھیک}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɖ}} {{angbr|ਡ/{{nq|ڈ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ɖaːk/}}
| ‘mail’ (ਡਾਕ/{{nq|ڈاک}})
|-
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}} {{angbr|ਛ/{{nq|چھ}}}}
| {{IPA|/t͡ʃʰa:p/}}
| ‘imprint’ (ਛਾਪ/{{nq|چھپ}})
|-
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} {{angbr|ਜ/{{nq|ج}}}}
| {{IPA|/d͡ʒoːk/}}
| leech (ਜੋਕ/{{nq|جوک}})
|-
| {{IPA|k}} {{angbr|ਕ/{{nq|ک}}}}
| {{IPA|/kaːɡ/}}
| ‘crow’ (ਕਾਗ/{{nq|کاگ}})
|-
| {{IPA|kʰ}} {{angbr|ਖ/{{nq|کھ}}}}
| {{IPA|/kʰoːl/}}
| ‘open’ (ਖੋਲ/{{nq|کھول}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɡ}} {{angbr|ਗ/{{nq|گ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ɡaːɭ/}}
| ‘abuse’ (ਗਾਲ਼/{{nq|گالؕ}})
|-
| {{IPA|m}} {{angbr|ਮ/{{nq|م}}}}
| {{IPA|/moːɾ/}}
| ‘peacock’ (ਮੋਰ/{{nq|مور}})
|-
|{{IPA|n}} {{angbr|ਬ/{{nq|ن}}}}
| {{IPA|/nəɾ/}}
| ‘male’ (ਬੰਦਾ/{{nq|نر}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɳ}}* {{angbr|ਣ/{{nq|ݨ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ɦoɳ /}}
| ‘now’ (ਹੁਣ/{{nq|ہݨ}})
|-
| {{IPA|l}} {{angbr|ਲ/{{nq|ل}}}}
| {{IPA|/laːl/}}
| ‘red’ (ਰੱਤਾ/رتہ)
|-
| {{IPA|ɭ}}* {{angbr|ਲ਼/{{nq|لؕ}}}}
| {{IPA|/koːɭ /}}
| ‘near’ (ਕੋਲ਼/{{nq|کولؕ}})
|-
| ({{IPA|s}} {{angbr|ਸ/{{nq|س}}}})
| {{IPA|/soɳ /}}
| ‘hear’ (ਸੁਣ/{{nq|سݨ}})
|-
| ({{IPA|ʃ}} {{angbr|ਸ਼/{{nq|ش}}}})
| {{IPA|/ʃeːɾ/}}
| ‘lion’ (ਸ਼ੇਰ/{{nq|شیر}})
|-
| ({{IPA|z}} {{angbr|ਜ਼/{{nq|ز}}}})
| {{IPA|/zoːɾ/}}
| ‘strength’ (ਜ਼ੋਰ/{{nq|زور}})
|-
| ({{IPA|f}} {{angbr|ਫ਼/{{nq|ف}}}})
| {{IPA|/fa:sla:/}}
| ‘distance’ (ਫ਼ਾਸਲਾ/{{nq|فاصلہ}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɦ}} {{angbr|ਹ/{{nq|ح}}/{{nq|ہ}}}}
| {{IPA|/ɦoːɾ/}}
| ‘more’ (ਹੋਰ/{{nq|ہور}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɾ}} {{angbr|ਰ/{{nq|ر}}}}
| {{IPA|/ɾoːɡ/}}
| ‘disease’ (ਰੋਗ/{{nq|روگ}})
|-
| {{IPA|ɽ}}* {{angbr|ੜ/{{nq|ڑ}}}}
| {{IPA|/piːɽ/}}
|‘pain’ (ਪੀੜ/{{nq|پِیڑ}})
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> does not occur word initially

===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Center
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
|-
!Close
|{{IPA|iː}}
|{{IPA|ɪ}}
|
|{{IPA|uː}}
|[[Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]
|-
!Mid-close
|{{IPA|eː}}
|
|
|{{IPA|oː}}
|
|-
!Mid-open
|{{IPA|ɛː}}
|
|{{IPA|ə}}
|{{IPA|ɔː}}
|
|-
!Open
|
|
|{{IPA|aː}}
|
|
|}
Doabi has ten vowels. These are {{IPA|/ə, ɪ, ʊ, aː, ɛː, eː, iː, ɔː, oː, uː/}}

For example:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vowel
! Word
! Translation
|-
| {{IPA|/ə/}} ਅ
| ਅੱਖ /{{IPA|əkʰ.kʰ}}/
| 'eye'
|-
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}} ਉ
| ਉਠ /{{IPA|oʈʰ}}/
| ‘awake’
|-
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}} ਇ
| ਇੱਟ /{{IPA|eʈ:}}/
| ‘brick’
|-
| {{IPA|/aː/}} ਆ
| ਆਸ /{{IPA|aːs}}/
|‘hope’
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}} ਐ
| ਐਨਕ /{{IPA|ɛːnək}}/
| spectacles’
|-
| {{IPA|/uː/}} ਊ
| ਊਠ /{{IPA|uːʈʰ}}/
| ‘camel’
|-
| {{IPA|/eː/}} ਏ
| ਸ਼ੇਰ /{{IPA|ʃeːɾ}}/
| ‘lion’
|-
| {{IPA|/oː/}} ਓ
| ਮੋਰ /{{IPA|moːɾ}}/
| ‘peacock’
|-
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}} ਔ
| /{{IPA|ɦɔːl}}/
| ‘fear’
|-
| {{IPA|/iː/}} ਈ
| ਤੀਰ /{{IPA|tiːɾ}}/
| ‘arrow’
|}
One of the most distinctive features of Doabi is how its short close vowels are pronounced. Phonemically, they are:

* {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
* {{IPA|/ɪ/}}

But are phonetically:{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

* {{IPA|[o]}}
* {{IPA|[e]}}

==== Nasalisation ====
Nasalisation in Punjabi is phonemic.

== Suprasegmental Features ==

=== Tone ===
Three tones are used in Doabi: low, mid and high. For example;

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tone
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| Falling
| ਭਾ pà
| ‘rate’
|-
| Neutral
| ਪਾ pa
| ‘put’
|-
| Rising
| ਪਾਹ pá
| ‘harsh’
|}
This [[tonogenesis]] occurred from the loss of [[Breathy voice|breathy voiced]] consonants. Word-initially, they became voiceless plosives, but remained voiced word-medially and finally. This loss of [[Phoneme|phonemes]] led to tone to distinguish between similar [[Morpheme|morphemes]].

When the consonant (that was breathy-voiced) is word initial, the vowel that follows has a falling tone. When the consonant is medial or word-final, it has a rising tone.

Loss of word-final {{IPA|/ɦ/}} also led to a rising tone in the preceding vowel.

[[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]], however can change what tone on what syllable is present.

===Stress===
Stress in Doabi is realized in two ways, syntagmatically and paradigmatically.

Syntagmatically, stress-shift results in change of meaning. This kind of stress is often orthographically unmarked, and may shift any tone present in a word to the stressed syllable.

For example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| ਘੜਾ /'kə̀ɽa:/
| ‘pitcher’
|-
| ਘੜਾ /kə'ɽà:/
| ‘to shape, sculpt, mold’
|}

Paradigmatically, Doabi has stressed and unstressed syllables;

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Unstressed
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| s{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| satt{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| ‘essence’
|-
| {{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| sirnawa
| ‘address’
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Stressed
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| s{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| sat{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| ‘seven’
|-
| tt{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| patta{{clarify|date=April 2014}}
| ‘leaf’
|}

===Some basic vocabulary items===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Doabi word
! English translation
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਪੇਅ}} {{IPA|/peːə/|}}
| ‘father’
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਭੈਣ}} {{IPA|/pɛːɳ/}}
| ‘sister’
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਭਰਾ}} {{IPA|/pəɾɑː/}}
| ‘brother’
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਸੇਂਅ}} {{IPA|/sẽə/}}
| ‘apple’
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਝੋੱਨਾ}} {{IPA|/t͡ʃoːn.nɑː/}}
| ‘paddy’
|-
| {{lang|pa|ਬੱਡਾ}} {{IPA|/bəɖ.ɖɑː/}}
| ‘elder’
|}

===Fortition of {{IPA|/ʋ/}} word-initially===
Doabi's drop the letter "v" at the start of a word and use the letter "b"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_gdr5.htm |title=Density of Population |access-date=2014-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123940/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_gdr5.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> as in "vàdda" (big) to "bàdda". They also use the letter "o" elsewhere in a word instead of a "v" as in "Khvab" (dream) to "Khoaab". A distinctive feature of Doabi is the use of the "w" sound. Where "v" appears in the middle of a word in standard Punjabi, Doabis use "w" so that "hava" (wind) becomes "hawa". Also, the vowel "u" is pronounced with an "o". Accordingly, "khush" (happy) becomes "khosh" or "kuht" (to beat) becomes "koht". In Doabi, any word beginning with "i" is pronounced with "e". For example, the word "khich" (to pull) is pronounced as "khech" or the word "vich" (inside) is pronounced as "bech".

Doabis do not use "z" and therefore substitute "j". This is common in the Punjabi language as "z" is not indigenous to the area.

== Grammar ==

===Sentence structure===
Doabi's end sentences with "aa" (present tense) and "sigey" (past —tense), instead of "han" (present tense) and "san" or "si" (past tense). "Aiddan", "Jiddan", "Kiddan" are all commonly used adverbs in Doabi as opposed to the "Aistaran/Enj," "Jistaran/Jivven," and "Kistaran/Kivven," used in Punjabi's [[prestige dialect]], [[Majhi dialect|Majhi]].

'''Present Tense: Usage of aa (sing.) and aa (plu.)'''

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|Phrase
|Doabi
|Standard Punjabi
|-
|He is doing
|Oh kardā ā

ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਆ

{{Nastaliq|اوہ کردا آ}}
|Oh kardā ɛ̀/e*

ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ/ਏ*

{{Nastaliq|اوہ کردا ہے/اے}}
|-
|They are doing
|Oh karde (y)ā

ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਆ

{{Nastaliq|اوہ کردے آ}}
|Oh karde han

ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ

{{Nastaliq|اوہ کردے ہِن}}
|-
|
|*spoken forms
|}
'''Past Tense: Uninflected sī, or number- and gender-inflected sīgā/sīgī/sīge/sīgīā, in Doabi'''

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|Phrase
|Doabi
|Standard Punjabi
|-
|He was doing
|oh kardā sī/sīgā
ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ/ਸੀਗਾ {{Nastaliq|اوہ کردا سی/سیگا}}
|oh kardā sī

ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ {{Nastaliq|اوہ کردا سی}}
|-
|They were doing
|oh karde sī/sīge

ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਸੀ /ਸੀਗੇ {{Nastaliq|اوہ کردے سی/سیگے}}
|oh karde san

ਉਹ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ (also ਸਣ in spoken Majhi)
{{Nastaliq|اوہ کردے سن}}
|-
|You (sing. m.) were doing
|tũ kardā sī/sīgā
ਤੂੰ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ/ਸੀਗਾ {{Nastaliq|توں کردا سی/سیگا}}
|tũ kardā sɛ̃

ਤੂੰ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੈਂ {{Nastaliq|توں کردا سیں}}
|-
|You (pl.) were doing
|tusī̃ karde sī/sīge

ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਸੀ/ਸੀਗੇ {{Nastaliq|تسی کردے سی/سیگے}}
|tusī̃ karde so

ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਸੋ {{Nastaliq|تسی کردے سو}}
|-
|I (m.) was doing
|mɛ̃ kardā sī/sīgā

ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ/ਸੀਗਾ {{Nastaliq|میں کردا سی/سیگا}}
|mɛ̃ kardā sã

ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਸਾਂ {{Nastaliq|میں کردا ساں}}
|-
|We were doing
|āppā karde sī/sīge

ਆਪਾਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਸੀ/ਸੀਗੇ {{Nastaliq|آپاں کردے سی/سیگے}}
|asī̃ karde sã

ਅਸੀਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਾਂ {{Nastaliq|اسیں کردےساں}}
|}

==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Doabi
! English
! Standard [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|-
| ਹੋਊਗਾ "hōūgā"
| Will Happen
| "hōvēgā"
|-
| "bāɽa"
| Cow shed
| "havelī"
|-
| ਧੌਣ "dhauṇ"
| Neck
| "gardan"
|-
| "pāḷā "
| Cold
| "thand"
|-
| "kunjī"
| Key
| "chābbī"
|-
| "gaṭhe"
| Onions
| "ganḍē"
|-
| "niāṇe"
| Children
| "bacche"
|-
| "Dekhṇa"
| To See
| "Vekhṇā"
|-
| "kardā sī
| To Be Doing
| "kar ría ɛ̀"
|-
| "gábbe"
| Middle
| "vichkār"
|-
| "līre/talle"
| Clothes
| "kappaṛe"
|-
| "lītā"
| Bought
| "Leyayea"
|}

== Orthography ==
Doabi uses the Gurmukhi script.

Tone that occurs from the loss of breathy voiced consonants is shown through the following characters in [[orthography]]:

* ਘ
* ਝ
* ਢ
* ਧ
* ਭ
* ੜ੍ਹ

== See also ==
* [[Languages of Pakistan]]
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[List of Indian languages by total speakers]]
* [[Malwi dialect]]
* [[Puadhi dialect]]
* [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|Omission of word-final shwa in Indo-Aryan languages]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Punjabi dialects}}

[[Category:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Punjabi culture]]
[[Category:Punjabi dialects]]

Doabi dialect - Revision history

AlfonzoEsh at 19:53, 23 March 2026