>Sirdog at 06:47, 6 October 2021

2021-10-06T06:47:28Z

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{{short description|Portuguese explorer and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Duarte Barbosa
|image =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = c. 1480
|birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
|death_date = 1 May 1521
|death_place = [[Cebu (historical polity)|Rajahnate of Cebu]]
|nationality = [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
|occupation = Writer, [[scrivener]], explorer
|known_for =
|signature = {{CSS image crop
|Image = First Voyage Round The World Signatures 1.png
|bSize = 300
|cWidth = 220
|cHeight = 74
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|oLeft = 30
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}}
'''Duarte Barbosa''' (c. 1480, Lisbon, Portugal{{spaced ndash}}1 May 1521, Philippines) was a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] writer and officer from [[Portuguese India]] (between 1500 and 1516). He was a christian pastor and [[scrivener]] in a ''[[feitoria]]'' in Kochi, and an interpreter of the local language, [[Malayalam]]. Barbosa wrote the ''Book of Duarte Barbosa'' ({{lang-pt|Livro de Duarte Barbosa}}) c. 1516, making it one of the earliest examples of Portuguese [[travel literature]]. In 1519, Barbosa embarked on the [[Circumnavigation#History|first expedition to circumnavigate the world]], led by his brother-in-law [[Ferdinand Magellan]].<ref>One theory suggests that there were two people named Duarte Barbosa, on the basis of subsequent reporting of [[João de Barros]] in "Decades of Asia", that refers to one clerk named Duarte Barbosa in 1529 in Cannanore Island. The majority of documents confirm, however, that the author of "The Book of Duarte Barbosa" and participant in the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan Island where the same, see the entry for "Duarte Barbosa, Mansel Longworth Dames, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants ", Asian Educational Services, 1989, {{ISBN|81-206-0451-2}}</ref>

Barbosa was killed in 1521, at a banquet held by [[Rajah Humabon]] in the [[Philippines]], a few days after the [[Battle of Mactan]] on [[Cebu|Cebu Island]].

==Early life==
Barbosa's father was Diogo Barbosa. Diogo was a servant of [[Álvaro of Braganza]], and in 1501 he went to India in a joint venture with Álvaro, [[Bartolomeo Marchionni|Bartholomeu Marchionni]], and the [[3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)|3rd Portuguese India Armada]] (captained by [[João da Nova]]). While Diogo was away, Barbosa remained in [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] with his uncle, Gonçalo Gil Barbosa, who worked as a [[Factor (agent)|factor]]. (Earlier, Gonçalo had travelled with the 1500 fleet of [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]].)

== Career ==
In 1502, Gonçalo was transferred to [[Kannur|Cannanore]], and Barbosa went with him. There, Barbosa learned [[Malayalam]], the local language. Barbosa served as the interpreter for [[Alfonso de Albuquerque]]'s contact with the Rajah of Cannanore the next year (1503). In 1513, Barbosa signed a letter to King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] as Clerk of Cannanore, claiming the position of master-clerk, and the year after that (1514), Afonso de Albuquerque used Barbosa's position as an interpreter to attempt to convert the King of Kochi.

== ''Book of Duarte Barbosa'' ==
In 1515, Albuquerque sent Barbosa to [[Kozhikode]] to oversee the construction of two ships that would serve on an expedition to the Red Sea under the new governor. Barbosa returned to Portugal and completed his manuscript, ''Book of Duarte Barbosa''. According to Italian writer [[Giovanni Battista Ramusio]]'s preface, Barbosa completed his manuscript in 1516 with detailed accounts of foreign cultures. Previously known only through the testimony of Ramusio, the original manuscript was discovered and published in the early nineteenth century in [[Lisbon|Lisbon, Portugal]].

==Circumnavigation with Magellan==
Displeased by his position, Barbosa joined several Portuguese meeting in [[Seville]] in southern Spain. Diogo had followed D. [[Álvaro of Braganza]] into exile in [[Seville]] where Álvaro had become mayor, where Diego became governor of the castle of Seville. In 1516 [[Ferdinand Magellan]] moved to Seville and befriended Diogo, both having traveled to India. Soon Magellan married Barbosa's sister Beatriz, becoming Duarte Barbosa's brother in law, strengthening the links between the Barbosa and Magalhães families.

On 10 August 1519 Duarte Barbosa sailed from Seville on Magellan's voyage of circumnavigation, along with his friend [[João Serrão]]. His curiosity led him to leave the expedition for the company of locals several times during the voyage, to Magellan's annoyance. Magellan even came to arrest him. On 2{{Spaces}}April{{Spaces}}1520, however, the help of Duarte Barbosa was crucial to facing down a riot in [[Puerto San Julian]] (Argentina), and thereafter Barbosa become captain of the [[Victoria (ship)|Victoria]]. According to [[Antonio Pigafetta]]'s account, after Magellan's death on 27{{Spaces}}April{{Spaces}}1521 at the [[Battle of Mactan]] (Philippines), Barbosa was one of the few survivors of the battle and was made co-commander of the expedition along with João Serrão. Barbosa tried to recover Magellan's body without success: He tried to land [[Enrique of Malacca]], but gave up. Despite the [[manumission]] he was entitled to according to Magellan's [[Will (law)|will]] made before departure, Duarte Barbosa or João Serrão<ref>[[Antonio Pigafetta|Pigafetta]] and [[Maximilianus Transylvanus|Transylvanus]] differ on who was responsible for the massacre that occurred at [[Cebu Island|Cebu]] in the [[Philippines]]. Transylvanus states that it was [[João Serrão]] who mistreated [[Enrique of Malacca|Enrique de Malacca]], Magellan's former slave, thereby causing Enrique to plot the massacre; Pigafetta, who did not attend the banquet that served as the trap, blames Duarte Barbosa.</ref> then threatened to enslave him to Magellan's widow. The fear of Enrique has since been considered an argument for him conspiring with [[Rajah Humabon]]. On 1 May{{Spaces}}1521 all were invited by the rajah to a banquet ashore near [[Cebu]], the Philippines, to receive a gift for the king of Spain. There Barbosa and many others were killed. João Serrão was brought by natives who wanted to exchange him for weapons, but was left behind and was saved by the pilot João Carvalho. Enrique disappeared.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* Duarte Barbosa, [[Mansel Longworth Dames]], (1518) [https://books.google.com/books?id=r5jnQzwZjOYC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false "The book of Duarte Barbosa: an account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants"], Asian Educational Services, 1989, {{ISBN|81-206-0451-2}}
*{{cite book | last=Stanley | first=Henry E. J. ed. and trans. | year=1866 | title=A description of the coasts of East Africa and Malabar by Duarte Barbosa | publisher=Hakluyt Society | place=London | url=https://archive.org/stream/descriptionofcoa00barbrich#page/n7/mode/2up }}
*{{cite book | last=Dames | first=Mansel Longworth | author-link=Mansel Longworth Dames | date=1918–1921 | title=The book of Duarte Barbosa : an account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (2 Volumes) | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47302 | publisher=Hakluyt Society | place=London | oclc=3640216 }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Barbosa,+Duarte | name=Duarte Barbosa}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Duarte Barbosa |birth=1480 |death=1521}}
* {{cite book |last=Ray |first=Aniruddha |year=2012 |chapter=Barbosa, Duarte |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Barbosa,_Duarte |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
*His travelogue is available online in Portuguese:Livro em que dá relação do que viu e ouviu no Oriente, from the Biblioteca Nacional Digital at https://web.archive.org/web/20090303053302/http://purl.pt/435

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barbosa, Duarte}}

[[Category:15th-century births]]
[[Category:1521 deaths]]
[[Category:Portuguese Renaissance writers]]
[[Category:Portuguese travel writers]]
[[Category:16th-century explorers]]
[[Category:Portuguese explorers of the Pacific]]
[[Category:History of Bahrain]]
[[Category:Interpreters]]
[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
[[Category:16th-century Portuguese people]]
[[Category:Magellan expedition]]
[[Category:People killed in action]]

Duarte Barbosa - Revision history

>Sirdog at 06:47, 6 October 2021