>BrownHairedGirl at 20:40, 26 May 2021

2021-05-26T20:40:21Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
| iucn_category = II
| photo =Dudhwa (30783128830) (2).jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption =Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
| photo_width =
| map = India Uttar Pradesh
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| map_width =
| location = [[Lakhimpur Kheri District|Lakhimpur Kheri]] and [[Bahraich district]]s, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coords|28|31|N|80|41|E|region:IN-UP|display=inline, title}}
| area = 1284.3 km²
| established = 1987
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
| url =
}}

The '''Dudhwa Tiger Reserve''' is a protected area in [[Uttar Pradesh]] that stretches mainly across the [[Lakhimpur Kheri District|Lakhimpur Kheri]] and [[Bahraich district]]s and comprises the [[Dudhwa National Park]], [[Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary]]. It covers an area of {{convert|1284.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and includes three large forest fragments amidst the matrix dominated by agriculture. It shares the north-eastern boundary with [[Nepal]], which is defined to a large extent by the Mohana River. The area is a vast [[Alluvial plain|alluvial floodplain]] traversed by numerous rivers and streams flowing in south-easterly direction. It ranges in altitude from {{convert|110|to|185|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Mathur2008>Mathur, P. K. and N. Midha (2008). [http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Volume_IV_NPWS.pdf ''Mapping of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, Dudhwa Tiger Reserve''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412062838/http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Volume_IV_NPWS.pdf |date=12 April 2015 }}. WII – NNRMS - MoEF Project, Final Technical Report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.</ref>

== History ==
In 1987, the Dudhwa National Park and the Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary were brought under the purview of the ‘[[Project Tiger]]’ as Dudhwa Tiger Reserve. The Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary was added in the year 2000.<ref name=Mathur2008/> It is one of India's 47 [[Tiger reserves of India|Tiger Reserves]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change|title=NTCA/Project Tiger (As of 2014)|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/content/109_1_ListofTigerReservesCoreBufferAreas.aspx|access-date=9 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525125021/http://projecttiger.nic.in/content/109_1_ListofTigerReservesCoreBufferAreas.aspx|archive-date=25 May 2015}}</ref>

==Fauna==
The protected area is home for [[Bengal tiger|tigers]], [[Indian Leopard|leopards]], [[Asiatic black bear]]s, [[sloth bear]]s, [[Swamp deer]], [[Indian Rhinoceros|rhinoceros]], [[Indian elephant|elephants]], [[Chital|cheetal]], [[hog deer]], [[barking deer]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[wild boar]] and [[hispid hare]].<ref name=Jhala2011/>

===Tigers===
In 2006, the tiger population of the Dudhwa-Kheri-[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]] conservation complex was estimated as comprising 80–110 tigers. Until 2010, the population had increased to an estimated 106–118 tigers and was considered stable.<ref name=Jhala2011>[[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala]], Y. V., Qureshi, Q., Sinha, P. R. (eds.) (2011). [http://www.projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/Tiger_Status_oct_2010.pdf ''Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India, 2010.''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120232451/http://www.projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/Tiger_Status_oct_2010.pdf |date=20 January 2012 }} National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TR 2011/003 pp-302</ref>

==== The reintroduced tiger ====
[[File:Dudhwa Tiger.jpg|thumb|Tiger in Dudhwa National Park]]
In July 1976, [[Billy Arjan Singh]] acquired a tiger cub named ''Tara'' from [[Twycross Zoo]] in the [[United Kingdom]], hand reared her and later [[Reintroduction|reintroduced]] her to the wild in the Dudhwa National Park with the permission of India's then Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>Singh, A. (1981). ''Tara, a tigress''. Quartet Books, London and New York, {{ISBN|070432282X}}.</ref>

In the 1990s, some tigers from the protected area were observed to have the typical appearance of [[Siberian tiger]]s, namely a large head, pale fur, white complexion, and wide stripes, and were suspected to be Bengal-Siberian tiger [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]]. Billy Arjan Singh sent hair samples of tigers from the national park to the [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] where the samples were analysed using [[Mitochondrial DNA|mitochondrial]] sequence analysis. Results revealed that the tigers in question had a Bengal tiger [[mitochondrial]] [[haplotype]] indicating that their mother was a Bengal tiger.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Shankaranarayanan, P. |author2=Singh, L. |year=1998|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/nov10/articles18.htm |title=Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among big cats and their hybrids|journal= Current Science |volume=75 |issue=9|pages= 919–923}}</ref>
Skin, hair and blood samples from 71 tigers collected in various Indian zoos, in the [[Indian Museum|National Museum in Kolkata]] and including two samples from Dudhwa National Park were prepared for [[Microsatellite (genetics)|microsatellite]] analysis that revealed that two tigers had [[allele]]s in two [[Locus (genetics)|loci]] contributed by Bengal and Siberian tiger subspecies.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Shankaranarayanan, P., Banerjee, M., Kacker, R. K., Aggarwal, R. K. and Singh, L. |year=1997 |url=http://www.freewebs.com/hmgrgcb/publication/Elec%20shankar%20et%20al%201997.pdf |title=Genetic variation in Asiatic lions and Indian tigers |journal=Electrophoresis |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1693–1700 |doi=10.1002/elps.1150180938 |pmid=9378147 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723034412/http://www.freewebs.com/hmgrgcb/publication/Elec%20shankar%20et%20al%201997.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-23 }}</ref> However, samples of two hybrid specimens constituted too small a sample base to conclusively assume that ''Tara'' was the source of the Siberian tiger genes.<ref>Menon, S. (1997). [http://www.india-today.com/itoday/17111997/wild.html ''Tainted Royalty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630013849/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/17111997/wild.html |date=30 June 2008 }}. India Today.</ref>

==Visitor information==
Dudhwa National Park Visitors Entrance and Service Centre is at: {{coord|28|29|25|N|80|38|47|E}}.

==See also==
*[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080313233502/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/09/stories/2008030954160500.htm The Hindu]

{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}
{{Lucknow division topics}}

[[Category:Tiger reserves in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lakhimpur Kheri district]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1987]]

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve - Revision history

>BrownHairedGirl at 20:40, 26 May 2021