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Duruwa language - Revision history
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<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Dravidian language spoken in India}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Dhurwa and Durua<br />
| nativename = ଦୁରୁଆ, धुरुवा <br> Durua<br />
| states = [[India]]<br />
| ethnicity = [[Duruwa]] (Durua)<br />
| speakers = 52,349<br />
| date = 2011 census<br />
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref><br />
| script = [[Odia script]], [[Devanagari script]]<br />
| familycolor = Dravidian<br />
| fam2 = [[Central Dravidian]]<br />
| fam3 = Parji–Gadaba<br />
| iso3 = pci<br />
| glotto = durua1236<br />
| glottorefname = Duruwa<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Duruwa''' ({{ipa|pci|d̪ʱuruʋaː|ipa}}, [[Odia alphabet|Odia]]: ଦୁରୁଆ, [[Devanagari]]: धुरुवा) or '''[[Dhuruwa]]''' or '''Durua''' is a [[Central Dravidian language]] spoken by the [[Duruwa|Duruwa people]] of [[India]], in the districts of [[Koraput district|Koraput]] in [[Odisha]] and [[Bastar district|Bastar]] in [[Chhattisgarh]]. The language is related to [[Ollari language|Ollari]] and [[Kolami language|Kolami]], which is also spoken by other neighbouring tribes.<br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
Duruwa is a member of the Central Dravidian languages.<ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Fairservis<br />
|first=Walter Ashlin<br />
|title=The Harappan Civilization and Its Writing: A Model for the Decipherment of the Indus Script<br />
|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers<br />
|series = Asian Studies<br />
|year=1997<br />
|isbn=978-90-04-09066-8<br />
|page=78<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book<br />
|last=Stassen<br />
|first=Leon<br />
|title=Intransitive Predication<br />
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]<br />
|series = Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory<br />
|year=1997<br />
|isbn=978-0-19-925893-2<br />
|page=335<br />
}}</ref> Duruwa is a spoken language and is generally not written. Whenever it is written, it makes use of the [[Devanagari script]] in [[Bastar district]] and [[Odia script]] in [[Koraput district]].<br />
<br />
==Phonology==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center<br />
|+[[Vowels]]<ref name=BhK/><br />
! rowspan="2" |<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|-<br />
!<small>short</small><br />
!<small>long</small><br />
!<small>short</small><br />
!<small>long</small><br />
!<small>short</small><br />
!<small>long</small><br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[High vowel|High]]<br />
|{{IPA link|i}}<br />
|{{IPA link|iː}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|u}}<br />
|{{IPA link|uː}}<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|{{IPA link|e}}<br />
|{{IPA link|eː}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|o}}<br />
|{{IPA link|oː}}<br />
|- align="center"<br />
![[Low vowel|Low]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|a}}<br />
|{{IPA link|aː}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|+[[Consonant]]s<ref name=BhK>{{cite book|last=Krishnamurti|first=Bhadriraju|title=The Dravidian languages|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=9780511060373|page=57|edition=null}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]<br />
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]<br />
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
| {{IPA link|m}} || {{IPA link|n̪}} || || {{IPA link|ɲ}} || {{IPA link|ŋ}} ||<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]<br />
! <small>[[voicelessness|voiceless]]</small><br />
| {{IPA link|p}} || {{IPA link|t}} || {{IPA link|ʈ}} || {{IPA link|c}} || {{IPA link|k}} ||<br />
|-<br />
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small><br />
| {{IPA link|b}} || {{IPA link|d}} || {{IPA link|ɖ}} || {{IPA link|ɟ}} || {{IPA link|ɡ}} ||<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br />
| || ({{IPA link|s}}) || || || || ({{IPA link|h}}) <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br />
! <small>[[median consonant|median]]</small><br />
| {{IPA link|ʋ}} || || || {{IPA link|j}} || ||<br />
|-<br />
! <small>[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small><br />
| || {{IPA link|l}} || || || ||<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | [[Flap consonant|Tap]]<br />
| || {{IPA link|ɾ}} || {{IPA link|ɽ}} || || ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Dialects==<br />
There are four dialects: Tiriya, Nethanar, Dharba, and Kukanar. They are mutually intelligible.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Dravidian languages}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]<br />
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of India]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]<br />
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]</div>
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