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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{short description|Dravidian social activist and politician (1917–1978)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = E. V. R. Maniammai
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = President of the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]]
| term_start = 25 December 1973
| term_end = 16 March 1978
| predecessor = [[Periyar]]
| successor = [[K. Veeramani]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1917|03|10}}
| birth_place = [[Vellore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/>{{smaller|(present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1978|03|16|1917|03|10}}
| death_place = [[Vellore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| resting_place = Periyar Ninaividam
| party = [[Dravidar Kazhagam]]
| other_party = [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] and [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[E. V. Ramasami]] |1948|1973|end=died}}}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|social activist}}
}}

'''Erode Venkatappa Ramasami Maniammai''' (10 March 1917 – 16 March 1978) was a Dravidian [[social activist]] and politician. She was the second wife of [[Periyar]] and succeeded him as the president of the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] upon his death in 1973.

==Biography==
Maniammai was born as Kanthimathi to Kanagasabai Mudaliar, who was a member of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]].<ref name="Muthiah2008">{{cite book|author=S. Muthiah|title=Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbR_LLkqdI8C&pg=PA413|year=2008|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|isbn=978-81-8379-468-8|pages=413}}</ref><ref name=TT>{{cite news|url=http://www.tamiltribune.com/05/1201.html|title=Periyar Drops a Bombshell|last=Nalankilli|first=Thanjai|newspaper=Tamil tribune|accessdate=19 August 2016|archive-date=3 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903133222/http://www.tamiltribune.com/05/1201.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Soon after her father's death, she joined the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] founded by [[Periyar]] in 1942–1943. Sources close to Periyar had indicated that Maniyammai, being a woman, could not be named his heir. So he took to the recourse of marrying her so that she could become his legal heir.<ref name=TNM>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/september-which-split-dravidians-periyar-weds-maniyammai-dmk-born-49850 |title=The September which split Dravidians: Periyar weds Maniyammai, DMK is born |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810165105/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/september-which-split-dravidians-periyar-weds-maniyammai-dmk-born-49850 |url-status=live }}</ref> His marriage with a much younger Maniammai and his appointment of her as his successor shocked many of his party leaders.<ref name="Bhosale2004">{{cite book|author=Balkrishna Vithal Bhosale|title=Mobilisation of Backward Communities in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FmeipZ5UnkC&pg=PA222|year=2004|publisher=Deep & Deep|isbn=978-81-7629-588-8|page=222}}</ref><ref name="Zuckerman2009">{{cite book|author=Phil Zuckerman|title=Atheism and Secularity [2 volumes]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1hbaAHsAlUC&pg=RA1-PA143|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35182-2|page=143}}</ref><ref name="Atheistic Centre 1978 p. ">{{cite book | author=Atheistic Centre | title=The Atheist | publisher=Atheistic Centre | issue=v. 10-12 | year=1978 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGVTAAAAYAAJ | access-date=19 Apr 2023 | page=67-68 | archive-date=18 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918043154/https://books.google.com/books?id=eGVTAAAAYAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Maṇiyammai Veeramani 1987 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Maṇiyammai | first1=Ī.V.R. | last2=Veeramani | first2=K. | title=An̲n̲ai Ī. Ve. Rā. Maṇiyammaiyārin̲ cintan̲ai muttukaḷ: an̲n̲aiyārin̲ kaṭṭuraikaḷ, pēccukaḷin̲ tokuppu | publisher=Periyār Cuyamariyātaip Piraccāra Nir̲uvan̲a Veḷiyīṭu | year=1987 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oxuAAAAMAAJ | language= | access-date=19 Apr 2023 | page= | archive-date=18 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918043244/https://books.google.com/books?id=5oxuAAAAMAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Govindarajan 2017">{{cite web | last=Govindarajan | first=Vinita | title=International Women's Day: Remembering Maniammai, the woman leader who shouldered Periyar's legacy | website=Scroll.in | date=8 Mar 2017 | url=https://scroll.in/article/831180/international-womens-day-remembering-maniammai-the-woman-leader-who-shouldered-periyars-legacy | access-date=19 Apr 2023 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102954/https://scroll.in/article/831180/international-womens-day-remembering-maniammai-the-woman-leader-who-shouldered-periyars-legacy | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feminism in India 2021">{{cite web | title=Periyar & Maniammai's Marriage – Though Irrelevant, Let's Talk About It, Shall We? | website=Feminism in India | date=5 Jan 2021 | url=https://feminisminindia.com/2021/01/06/periyar-maniammai-marriage/ | access-date=19 Apr 2023 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419104623/https://feminisminindia.com/2021/01/06/periyar-maniammai-marriage/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maniammai, Annai E. V. R}}
[[Category:Indian rationalists]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]

E. V. R. Maniammai - Revision history

Igornqa at 12:40, 5 May 2026