>Msasag at 01:47, 21 June 2021

2021-06-21T01:47:17Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Early Assamese
|nativename=
|pronunciation=
|era=14th-16th centuries
|region=[[Assam]]
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
|fam5=[[Bengali-Assamese languages|Bengali-Assamese]]
|ancestor=[[Kamarupi Prakrit|Kāmarūpī Apabhraṃśa]]
|dia1=[[Brajavali dialect|Brajawali]]
|script=[[Eastern Nagari]]
|isoexception=historical
|glotto=none
}}
[[File:Illustrated Manuscript of Dakhinpat Sattra( Bhagawat).jpg|thumb|A [[Bhagavata]] manuscript written in Early Assamese, from [[Dakhinpat Satra]].]]
'''Early Assamese''' ({{lang-as|পুৰণী অসমীয়া|translit=Puroni Oxomiya}}) or '''Proto-Eastern Kamarupa'''<ref>{{harvnb|Toulmin|2006}}</ref> is an ancestor of the modern [[Assamese language]]. It is found in the literature from the 14th century to the end of 16th century<ref>{{harvcol|Kakati|1941|p=48}}</ref><ref>"The history of Assamese language, as preserved in literature, may be conveniently divided into three periods:- (1) Early Assamese: from the fourteenth to the end of the sixteenth century." {{harvcol|Kakati|1953|p=5}}</ref> in [[Kamata kingdom]] and the [[Brahmaputra valley]] of [[Assam]].

==Literature==
Early Assamese literature period can be split into: a) The Pre-Vaishnavite period and b) The Vaishnavite sub periods.<ref>{{harvnb|Kakati|1941}}</ref> The Pre-Vaishnavite period covers the period before the advent of [[Sankardeva]] and the Vaishnavite period initiated by his literary activities. The earliest Assamese writer, viz. [[Hema Saraswati]] and [[Harivara Vipra]] who composed [[Prahlada Charitra]] and [[Babruvahana parva]] respectively wrote under the patronage of King [[Durlabhanarayana]] of [[Kamatapur Kingdom|Kamatapura]] who ruled towards the end of the 13th or the earlier part of the 14th century. The next two important poets of the same period are [[Rudra Kandali]] and [[Kaviratna Saraswati]] who composed [[Drona parva]] and [[Jayadratha vadha]]. But the towering poet of this period is [[Madhava Kandali]] who is respectfully referred to by Sankardeva (b. 1449) as his predecessor. Madhava Kandali flourished towards the end of the 14th century and translated the entire [[Saptakanda Ramayana|Ramayana]] under the patronage of [[Mahamanikya]], the then Kachari (Varāha) king of [[Central Assam]].<ref>{{harvcol|Kakati|1953|p=5}}</ref>

==Writing system==
[[File:Copperplate inscription of Nilachal king Madhavadeva.jpg|thumb|14th/15th century Copperplate inscription of Nilachal King Madhavadeva shows the script used when Early Assamese was spoken in the period of 14th-15th century.]]
Early Assamese was written in [[Eastern Nagari script]].

==Morphology and Grammar==

===Pronouns<ref>{{harvcol|Bez|2012}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kakati|1941}}</ref>===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%;"
|-
! style="vertical-align:center" | Person
! style="vertical-align:center" | Singular nominative
! style="vertical-align:center" | Singular oblique
! style="vertical-align:center" | Plural nominative
! style="vertical-align:center" | Plural oblique
|-
! 1st
|mai, maĩ, āmi
|mo-, moho-
|āmi, āmarā
|āmā-, āmhā-, āmāsā-
|-
! 2nd informal
| tai, taĩ
| to-, toho-
| torā
| torā-
|-
! 2nd familiar
| tumi
| tomā-, tomhā
|tomarā
| tomāsā-
|-
! 3rd inf., prox., m.
| i, ito
| ihā-, ā-
| ārā
| ārā-, esambā-
|-
! 3rd inf. dist. f.
| ei
| ei-
| ārā
| ārā-, esambā-
|-
! 3rd hon., prox.
| ehe, eho
|
| ehante, ehanto
| esambā-
|-
! 3rd inf., dist., m.
| si, sito
| tā-, tāhā-
| tārā
| tārā-, tāsambā-
|-
! 3rd inf. dist. f.
| tāi
| tāi-
|
|
|-
! 3rd hon. dist.
| tehõ, tehẽ, tehã
|
| tehante, tehento, tesambe
| tāsambā-
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |first=Gitanjali |last=Bez |title=Grammatical Categories in Madhav Kandali's Ramayana |publisher=Gauhati University |year=2012|hdl=10603/116370 }}
* {{citation
|last=Kakati
|first=Banikanta
|year=1941
|title=Assamese: Its Formation and Development
|url=https://archive.org/details/AssameseitsFormationAndDevelopment
|publisher=Government of Assam
|place=Gauhati, Assam
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Kakati
|first=Banikanta
|contribution=The Assamese Language
|editor-last=Kakati
|editor-first=Banikanta
|title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature
|pages=1–16
|publisher=Gauhati University
|place=Gauhati
|year=1953
}}
* {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |first=Mathew W S |last=Toulmin |title=Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan |url=https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/45743 |publisher=The Australian National University |year=2006}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Early Assamese Language}}
[[Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Assamese language| ]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]

Early Assamese - Revision history

>Msasag at 01:47, 21 June 2021