>Lancepark at 21:57, 25 April 2021

2021-04-25T21:57:36Z

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{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = East Kameng district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Arunachal Pradesh|District]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Arunachal Pradesh East Kameng district locator map.svg
| map_caption = Location of East Kameng district in Arunachal Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Arunachal Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Seppa]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 4134
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 78,690<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title= District Census 2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in }}</ref> (2011)
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 62.5%<ref name=districtcensus />
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1012<ref name=districtcensus />
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://eastkameng.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
}}

'''East Kameng district''' is one of [[districts of Arunachal Pradesh]] state in northeastern, [[India]]. It shares an international border with China in the north and district borders with [[West Kameng district]] to the west, [[Pakke-Kessang district]] to the south, [[Kurung Kumey district]] to the east, [[Papum Pare district]] to southeast. Pakke-Kessang district was bifurcated from East Kameng district on 1 December 2018.

== History ==

The area around the [[Kameng river]] has at various times come under the control and influence of the [[Monpa people|Mon]] kingdom, Tibet, and the [[Ahom kingdom]]. [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]] and [[Nishi (tribe)|Nishi]] chiefs would exert control over the area whenever no major political powers dominated the area.

The Kameng Frontier Division was renamed as the Kameng District. The Political Officer was also redesignated as the Deputy Commissioner of Kameng. However, for political reasons, the Kameng district was bifurcated between East Kameng and [[West Kameng]] on 1 June 1980.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Before the bifurcation, East Kameng district occupied an area of {{convert|4134|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book|last1=Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.)|title=India 2010: A Reference Annual|publisher=Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]]|year=2010|isbn=978-81-230-1617-7|edition=54th|location=New Delhi, India|pages=1113|chapter=States and Union Territories: Arunachal Pradesh: Government}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Alaska]]'s [[Unimak Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Unimak Island 4,119km2}}</ref> Like [[West Kameng]], the East Kameng climate ranges from arid in the [[tundra]] of the north through a cool temperate climate to a humid subtropical climate in the southern sub-himalayan hills bordering [[Assam]].

==Transport==
The {{convert|2000|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} proposed Mago-[[Thingbu]] to [[Vijaynagar, Changlang|Vijaynagar]] [[Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road|Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway]] along the [[McMahon Line]],<ref name=BR1>{{cite web|title=Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-China-border/articleshow/44831871.cms|work=Dipak Kumar Dash|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR2>{{cite web|title=Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-narendra-modi-government-to-provide-funds-for-restoration-of-damaged-highways-2020106|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR3>{{cite web|title=Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/indian-government-plans-highway-along-disputed-china-border/|work=Ankit Panda|publisher=thediplomat.com|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR4>{{cite web |url= http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nqEwdXxkIgrSHPpTSzsFRN/Govt-planning-road-along-McMohan-line-in-Arunachal-Pradesh.html |title= Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju |publisher= Live Mint |access-date= 2014-10-26}}</ref> (will intersect with the proposed [[East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh|East-West Industrial Corridor Highway]]) and will pass through this district, alignment map of which can be seen [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nat7.jpg here] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112247/http://arunachalpradesh.nic.in/images/state_map.jpg here].<ref name=BR5>{{cite web |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nation.htm|title=China warns India against paving road in Arunachal|work=Ajay Banerjee|publisher=tribuneindia.com|access-date= 2014-10-26}}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:Jhum fire.jpg|thumb|Jhum fire]]
Most tribes practice a form of [[slash and burn]] agriculture known as [[Jhum]]. After clearing the land, crops like barley and rice are planted, and fruit trees are planted to make orchards. Fishing activities first started between 1965–66 and gained momentum in November 1980, when the Fishery Department first started functioning independently. As of today, the Fishery development activities are headed by a District Fishery Development Officer, who was originally the Superintendent of Fisheries. However, this department was understaffed. Funds were also given for rural agriculture and paddy-cum-fish culture activities.

With the advancement of modern technology, horticulture based on apples and oranges is becoming increasingly popular. Today, temperate and sub-tropical fruits are planted in orchards with chemical fertilizers.

==Divisions==
The district's administrative circles are, namely, Chayangtajo, Sawa, Khenewa, Bameng, Lada, Gyawe Purang, Pipu, Seppa, Richukhrong.

There are 5 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies located in this district: Bameng, Chayangtajo, [[Seppa East]], and [[Seppa West]]. All of these are part of [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm |title=Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website |access-date=21 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813085549/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm |archive-date=13 August 2011}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|23=1961|24=28,234|25=1971|26=35,134|27=1981|28=42,736|29=1991|30=50,395|31=2001|32=57,179|33=2011|34=78,690|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

===Population===
[[File:Nyokum festival Nyishi.JPG|thumb|Nyishi People]]
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] East Kameng district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 78,690,<ref name=district_census>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Dominica]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Dominica 72,969 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 624th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=district_census/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 19 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=district_census/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 37.14%.<ref name=district_census/> East Kameng has a [[sex ratio]] of 1,012 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=district_census/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 62.48%.<ref name=district_census/>

East Kameng is inhabited by various tribes of similar origin but with distinct cultures and beliefs, practicing the [[Donyi-Polo]] religion. The most populous of these, the [[Nishi (tribe)|Nishi]], are scattered throughout the entire district. Other tribes, especially the [[Miji people|Miji]], [[Puroik people|Puroik]] and the [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]], are found in regions near the [[Kameng river]].

Since independence, much of the population has relocated to the district capital, Seppa. With the coming of modernism, festivals such as the Sarok of the [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]], Nyokum of the [[Nishi (Tribe)|Nishi]], Jonglam-Ponklam and Chindang of the [[Miji people|Miji]] and the Gumkum-Gumpa are celebrated in full flair in Seppa.

===Language===

=== Nyishi ===
{{main|Nishi language}}
The [[Nishi language|Nishi]] is a [[Tibeto-Burman language]] spoken by approximately 800–1200 people in the East Kameng district who live among the [[Hruso people|Aka (Hruso)]], but their language is distantly related, with distinct words for basic vocabulary.<ref name=NG>Morrison, Dan [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/101005-lost-language-india-science/ "'Hidden' Language Found in Remote Indian Tribe"]. ''National Geographic Daily News'', 5 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010</ref><ref name=symp>Schmid, Randolph E. [http://sync.sympatico.ca/news/researchers_find_previously_undocumented_language_hidden_in_small_villages_in_india/1e86e9b5 "Researchers find previously undocumented language hidden in small villages in India"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007145948/http://sync.sympatico.ca/news/researchers_find_previously_undocumented_language_hidden_in_small_villages_in_india/1e86e9b5 |date=7 October 2010 }}. ''Sync'' Retrieved on 5 October 2010</ref> Although it has resemblances to [[Tani languages|Tani]] further to the east, it appears to be a separate branch of Tibeto-Burman.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Search for 'Last Speakers', a Great Discovery |newspaper=[[National Public Radio]] |date=5 October 2010 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130242203 |access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> Koro is unlike any language in the various branches of the Tibeto-Burman family.<ref>{{cite news |title=Linguists uncover 'hidden' language in north India |first=Amina |last=Khan|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date= 6 October 2010|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-new-language-20101006,0,2511091.story |access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> Researchers hypothesize it may have originated from a group of people enslaved and brought to the area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Linguists discover new language in India |last=Weise |first=Elizabeth |newspaper=USA Today |date=6 October 2010 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2010-10-06-language06_ST_N.htm |access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>

Koro was recognized as a separate language in 2010 by a linguistic team of [[K. David Harrison|David Harrison]], [[Gregory Anderson (linguist)|Gregory Anderson]], and Ganesh Murmu while documenting two [[Hruso languages]] (Aka and Miji) as part of [[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'s "Enduring Voices" project.<ref name= NG/> It was apparently noticed by earlier researchers.<ref>''Ethnologue'', "Hruso".[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hru] (Some sound files)</ref>

== Tourism ==
The whole district is in the picturesque hills covered with greenery. Tourist attractions in the district are in [[Papu Valley]] along the [[Papu River]], among those [[Chayangtajo]] 48 km north and [[Bameng]] 81 km north of Seppo are hill stations connected by a motorable road. [[Kameng River]] is popular for fishing, which requires a fishing license from the district administration.<ref name=ek1>[https://eastkameng.nic.in/gallery/tourist-places/ Tourist places].</ref>

Papu Valley is one of the most spectacular places in the district. Papu Valley has got its name from the snake-like curvy streams of the Papu River. A vast field of rice covers the whole area of Papu Valley. Some of the major villages in this valley are [[Sede, Arunachal Pradesh|Sede]], [[Seba, Arunachal Pradesh|Seba]], [[Nere, Arunachal Pradesh|Nere]] etc.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://eastkameng.nic.in/ Official Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061026222117/http://www.indianngos.com/districts/eastkameng_about.htm District profile]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = East Kameng district
|North = [[Kurung Kumey district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Papum Pare district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Sonitpur district]], Assam
|Southwest =
|West = [[West Kameng district]]
|Northwest = ''China'' <br> [[Tawang district]]
}}

{{Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}

[[Category:East Kameng district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1980]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

East Kameng district - Revision history

>Lancepark at 21:57, 25 April 2021