https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Eastern_Hindi_languagesEastern Hindi languages - Revision history2026-07-30T23:51:18ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Hindi_languages&diff=498092&oldid=prevTiwari63 at 14:09, 16 April 20262026-04-16T14:09:36Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Group of languages spoken in northern and central India}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox language family<br />
| name = Eastern Hindi<br />
| map = Indo-Aryan language map.svg<br />
| mapcaption = {{legend|#feb836|Geographical distribution of Eastern Hindi languages}}<br />
| region = [[Awadh]], [[Baghelkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
| ethnicity = [[Awadhis]], [[Bagheli]]s, [[Chhattisgarhi]]s, [[Halba people|Halbi]]s, [[Powar]]is<br />
| speakers = approx. 65 million in [[India]]{{cn|date=April 2026}}<br />
| date = <br />
| ref = <br />
| familycolor = Indo-European<br />
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Central Indo-Aryan]]{{efn|According to Katre, Nigam, Cardona, Turner, Kausen, and Kogan. However others also classify it within Eastern-Central, Western-Eastern, Intermediate or Eastern.}}<br />
| ancestor = [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit]]<br />
| glotto = east2726<br />
| glottorefname = Eastern Hindi<br />
}}<br />
The '''Eastern Hindi languages''' are a branch of the [[Indo-Aryan language family]] spoken primarily in [[Awadh]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Baghelkhand]] region of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Chhattisgarh]], in [[Northern India|Northern]] and [[Central India]]. Eastern Hindi languages evolved from [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit]], which is thought to be transitional between [[Shauraseni Prakrit|Sauraseni]] and [[Magadhi Prakrit|Magadhi.]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Zograph|first=G.A.|title=Languages of South Asia: A guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB-yEAAAQBAJ|isbn=9781000831658|quote=Numerically, the content of the Central Group of the Indo-Aryan languages has been very variously assessed by different researchers: Chatterji sees in it one language while Grierson enumerated six. Strictly speaking, the core of this group is represented not by languages at all, but by a number of closely related dialects-Braj, Kanauji and Bundell, which together with Khari Boli and Hariani, can be lumped under the common title 'Western Hindi'. The last-mentioned two dialects which occupy the north-western corner of the area covered by Hindi, display a number of common features with Panjabi, which in its turn can be seen as a transitional link with the most typical representative of the North Western group – Lahnda.<br><br>Closely connected with the dialects of the 'Western Hindi' group are Awadhi, Bagheli and Chattisgarhi, which come under the heading of 'Eastern Hindi". Linguistically, these can be regarded as a transitional stage between the Central and the Eastern groups of languages. The 'intermediate' character of this group of dialects seems to have taken shape as far back as the Old Indo-Aryan period. The Middle Indo-Aryan forerunner of the contemporary Eastern Hindi dialects was the Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which was a transitional form between Sauraseni and Magadhi; the present-day Central dialects go back to Sauraseni, while the languages of the Eastern group derive from Magadhi}}</ref><br />
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==Geographical extent==<br />
Eastern Hindi languages are primarily spoken in [[India]] and [[Nepal]], but also have significant minorities in the [[Caribbean]], [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]], [[South Africa]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Pakistan]] due to immigration. In [[India]], they are mainly spoken in the [[Awadh]] region in eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]], in the [[Baghelkhand]] region in northeastern [[Madhya Pradesh]], and in [[Chhattisgarh]].<br />
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==Languages and dialects==<br />
* [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] (3.85 m),<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-the-slow-death-of-bhojpuri-and-awadhi-2122062|title=The Slow Death of Awadhi and Bhojpuri}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/270676192/awadhi-language-is-grouped-as-mother-tongue-under-hindi|title='Awadhi language is grouped as mother tongue under Hindi' says Minister of State for Home Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/the-myth-of-hindi-heartland/article38277377.ece/|title=Going Native: Ghalib goes to Awadh…}}</ref> spoken in north and north-central Uttar Pradesh as well as the [[Caribbean]], [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]] and [[South Africa]]<br />
**[[Caribbean Hindustani]] (300 k) {{small|(mostly based on [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Magahi language|Magahi]] but has major Awadhi influence)}}<br />
**[[Sarnami Hindustani]]<br />
**[[Fiji Hindi]] (460 k) {{small|(mostly based on Maithili and Awadhi with Magahi influence)}}<br />
*[[Bagheli language|Bagheli]] (8 m), spoken in north-central Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Uttar Pradesh.<br />
* [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] (18 m), spoken in southeast Madhya Pradesh and northern and central [[Chhattisgarh]].<br />
**[[Surgujia dialect|Surgujia]] (1.7 m), spoken in Chhattisgarh<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Western Hindi languages]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
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[[Category:Central Indo-Aryan languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of India]]</div>Tiwari63