SharronKifer8 at 13:11, 27 October 2024

2024-10-27T13:11:31Z

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From pre-historic to modern times, engineering has played an essential role in the development of India.

==History==

Engineering in the country dates back to pre-historic times. [[Solar dryer|Solar drying]] of agricultural commodities has been dated to a period of 6,000 BCE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Engineering Chemistry|page=136|author=P R Vijayasarathy|year=2011|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788120342798|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OO6uGq2JjqIC&q=india+agriculture+6000+BCE+engineering&pg=PA136}}</ref> Researchers have also found the evidences of engineering in [[Indus Valley civilization]], dating back to 4th millennium BCE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Harappan Architecture and Civil Engineering|page=16|publisher=Rupa Publication|author=Jagat Pati Joshi}}</ref> Types of engineering such as [[Irrigation|Irrigation engineering]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations: 5,000 Years of History|page=11|publisher=CRC Press|author=Pierre-Louis Viollet|year=2007}}</ref> [[Transportation engineering]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Principles of Engineering|page=1|author=Partha Chakraborty, Animesh Das|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt}}</ref> were also established during this period. Throughout the period 3000 BCE – 1500 BCE, urban cities developed and included advanced developments for that time, such as brick houses, drainage systems, water harvesting,<ref name=question>{{cite book|title=The Lower Damodar River, India: Understanding the Human Role in Changing Fluvial Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V892MENKn2kC&pg=PA5|author=Kumkum Bhattacharyya|page=5|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2011|isbn=9789400704671}}</ref> sanitation systems, etc.<ref>{{cite book|title=Foundation of Eduspace, Eighth Edition, Custom Publication|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|author=Ornstein, Daniel U. Levine|year=2002|page=64}}</ref>

[[Vedas]] contains the information on about wells, irrigation, dams, canals, and other factors of engineering.<ref name=question/>

By the period of 1,800 BCE, India had started to produce iron.<ref>{{cite book|title=Materials Science and Engineering Properties|page=393|author=Charles Gilmore|publisher=CengageBrain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TefKAgAAQBAJ|isbn=9781305156197|date=2014-01-01}}</ref> In 500 BCE, [[Damascus steel]] was being produced in the country.<ref>{{cite book|title=Materials Science and Engineering Properties|page=320|author=Charles Gilmore|publisher=CengageBrain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TefKAgAAQBAJ&q=%22engineering&pg=PA320|isbn=9781305156197|date=2014-01-01}}</ref>

[[Kallanai Dam]], also known as Grand Anicut of [[Tamil Nadu]] was originally built around 2nd century CE. Many of the estimated 39,400 reservoirs of Tamil Nadu were built during the period of 500 CE – 1500 CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India|page=937|author=Pushpendra K. Agarwal, Vijay P. Singh|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=engineering+India&pg=PA937|isbn=9781402051807}}</ref>

==Education==

Foundation of the [[Cooper's Hill College]] in 1875 aimed to train engineers for [[British India]]. [[Madras University]] is considered to be the first college of the country, to provide individual courses in mechanical engineering.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization: pt. 1. Science, technology, imperialism and war|pages=435–440|author=Debi Prasad Chattopadhyaya|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=1999}}</ref>

According to an estimate in 2010, there were over 3,800 engineering colleges in the country, compared to less than 100 engineering colleges in 1996.<ref>{{cite book|title=Offshore: How India Got Back on the Global Business Map|page=153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NaIG8HJlnLEC&q=3%2C800+engineering+colleges+in+India&pg=PT153|author=Gaurav Rastogi|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2011|isbn=9788184755381 }}</ref>

==In culture==
*[[3 Idiots]] - A movie based on a story of three friends studying in an engineering college.<ref>{{cite book|title=Enterprise Culture in Neoliberal India: Studies in Youth, Class, Work and Media|page=46|author=Nandini Gooptu|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Indian engineers|List of Indian engineers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of engineering]]
[[Category:Engineering education in India]]

Engineering in India - Revision history

SharronKifer8 at 13:11, 27 October 2024