>Devildudeack at 04:22, 6 April 2021

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{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Etah district|the settlement in Greenland|Etah, Greenland}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{POV|date=December 2013}}
{{peacock|date=December 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2017}}
}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Etah
| native_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Patna Bird Sanctuary]], Arsh Gurukul, Fort Awagarh, KAILASH MANDIR
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.63|N|78.67|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Etah district|Etah]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = King Dil Sukh Rai Bahadur
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = Etah (Lok Sabha constituency )MP
| leader_name1 = [[Rajveer Singh]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 131,023
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 724 persons/sq.Km.
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 207001
| registration_plate = UP-82
| website = http://etah.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
}}
'''Etah''' is a municipality and the headquarters of the Etah District of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in India. Etah district is a part of the [[Aligarh]] Division and is located at the midpoint of the Kanpur-Delhi Highway Known as G.T.Road.{{R|":1"}} The nearest cities are [[Aligarh]] and [[Agra]],{{R|":0"}} and the nearest Railway Station is Etah Railway Station situated on railway road.

==Etymology==
According to one story, a person who was lost here dug into the land and struck a brick (''einth''), which led to the name Einta which later became Etah.<ref name=":1" />

In another story, the town gets its name from the [[Yadav]]s who were called 'Aintha' by the king of [[Awagarh]], which meant 'to respond aggressively.<ref name=":1" />' The area was therefore called ''Aintha'', which was later mispronounced as Etah.<ref name=":1" />

==History==
{{Expand section|1=Post-Raj history|date=December 2019}}
Etah was an early seat of an [[Aryan]] civilization, and the surrounding country is mentioned by [[Xuanzang]], the Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] pilgrim of the 7th century, as rich in [[Buddhist temple|temples]] and [[Buddhist monasticism|monasteries]]. After the repression of Buddhism before the 8th century and an intermediate period of [[tribalism]], it was controlled by Yadavs during the course of their migration eastward. With the rest of upper India it passed under the sway of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in 1017, and from that point forward followed the fortunes of the Muslim empire. At the end of the 18th century, it formed part of the territory over which [[Wazir Ali Khan]] had made himself ruler. It then passed to the [[British Raj]] in 1801 under the treaty of [[Lucknow]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Etah|volume=9|page=803}}</ref>

==Geography==
Etah is located at {{Coord|27.63|N|78.67|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Etah.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Etah]. Fallingrain.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-02.</ref> It has an average elevation of 170 metres (557 feet).The upper and lower Ganga Canal flow through Etah.

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 census, Etah's urban agglomeration had a population of 131,023 with 69,446 males and 61,577 females. The literacy rate was 85.62%.{{R|"censusindia"}} 11,786 of the population are of scheduled castes, while 65 are of scheduled tribes.<ref name=":0" /> The local languages are [[Brajbhasha]] and [[Kannauji]].
{{See also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}}{{bar box
|title=Religions in Etah
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|78.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|17.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jains]]|black|2.8}}
{{bar percent|Others†|pink|0.6}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.2%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).
}}

==Government and politics==
Etah city is governed by a type of [[municipality]] called the Etah [[Municipal Council (India)|Nagar Palika Parishad]].{{R|"nagarpalika1"}}{{R|"officialnpp"}} The city covers an area of 13.49 km2 and is divided into 25 wards for the purpose of administration.<ref name=":0" />{{R|"nagarpalika2"}} The municipality is headed by the municipal commissioner or president{{R|"contactdetails"}}{{R|"swachh"}} and represented by one Member of Parliament (MP) in the [[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha]], currently [[Rajveer Singh]], and MP Rajya Sabha. The incumbent is [[Harnath Singh Yadav]]. The [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) [[Etah (Assembly constituency)|representing the city]] is Vipin David.<ref>{{Cite web|title=बिजली की समस्या को लेकर सड़क पर उतरा अन्नदाता|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etah/protest-etah-news-agr459154984|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

===Civic Amenities===
The [http://uptownplanning.gov.in/pdf/ra/Etah.pdf masterplan] of the city (1984-2001) was created by the U.P. Town and Country Planning Department.{{R|"planning"}} The U.P. Jal Nigam is the body responsible for water supply,{{R|"water"}} and electricity is provided by the Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd., the southern discom of the Uttar Pradesh state government.{{R|"electric"}}

A thermal power project of 1320 MW has been proposed at Malawan, approximately 15 km from Etah, and Ministry of Environment has cleared the project. Land acquisition work has been completed and construction is scheduled to be completed in 2021.{{citation needed|reason=starting in 2015|date=September 2016}}

==Culture==
[[File:Ravana awaits his destruction.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ravana]] awaits his destruction in Ramlila Ground Etah.]]
Etah lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]]. Etah is a developing city and has been the district headquarters since British rule. The Padav maidan (open field) is the name of a field used by the army, and every year this field is used for Ram-Lila at Dussehra in the months of September and October and for exhibitions from December to February.

[[Amir Khusrau|Amir Khusro]] was born in Patiyali, Kasganj and is considered as one of the best poets of Urdu.<ref name=":1" />

===Dress===
The people of Etah dress in a variety of traditional and Western styles. Traditional styles of dress include colourful draped garments such as [[sari]], [[dhoti]] or [[lungi]] and tailored clothes such as [[shalwar kameez]] and [[kurta-pyjama]]. Men often sport head gear like topi or pagri. [[Sherwani]] is a more formal male dress and is frequently worn along with [[Churidar|chooridar]] on festive occasions. European-style trousers and shirts are also common.

===Food===
Etah's food consists of the cuisine prepared in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It consists of Mughlai cuisine and both vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods.{{Clarify|date=March 2019}} [[Biryani|Dum biryani]], [[Kebab|kababs]], and [[korma]]s are some of the dishes made in this region.
<gallery>
File:Halva1.jpg|Assorted halva including sooji, chana, and gajar halva
File:Teaparatha.jpg|Paratha served with tea
File:Poori wih accompaniments.jpg|Puri with accompaniments
Image:Dum Biryani Plate.jpg|Chicken Dum Biryani
File:Navratan Korma.jpg|Navratan korma
Image:Indian Curry Chicken.jpg|Chicken curry with [[chapati]]
File:Raita with cucumber and mint.jpg|[[Raita]]
Image:Samosa 1.jpg| [[Samosa]]
</gallery>

==Transport==
{{Main|Etah railway station}}
The opening of a railway line in Etah was done by the first president of India, [[Rajendra Prasad]], in 1959{{R|"train1"}}, and the train runs from Etah to [[Tundla]]. The Etah–Agra Fort Passenger Special started running from Etah to Agra, when railway ministry approved the survey for direct trains to New Delhi, Agra and Aligarh.{{R|"train2"}}{{R|"train3"}}

==Religion==
Dargah Hazrat Makhdoom Abdul Ghafur Shah Safvi is situated at holi gate. Hazrat was the Great Sufi of the ''silsila e chishtiya and safviya-khadimiya'' and Haji Mohammad Islam Safvi is the ''sajjada nashin'' of ''dargah sharif'' at present time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=मारहरा में उर्स कासमी में विदेशी जायरीन आने शुरू|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/etah/story-urs-kasami-on-dargah-khankahah-todayevening-2238383.html|access-date=2020-10-01|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dargah Hazrat Makhdum Abdul Ghafoor Shah Safvi|work=Just Dial|url=https://www.justdial.com/Etah/Dargah-Hazrat-Makhdum-Abdul-Ghafoor-Shah-Safvi/9999P5742-5742-190119034817-U4R6_BZDET?xid=RXRhaCBEYXJnYWggRXRhaCBITw==}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=October 2020}}.

The 148-year-old Kailash Mandir at Etah was built by King Dil Sukh Rai Bahadur.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Noah Kera village was known for marriage of Lord [[Sri Krishna]] with Rukmini.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}}. Bhooteshwar is a place for Hindu bodies to be cremated.

==Economy==

===Agriculture===
[[File:01AgriculturalFieldworks&Kanchipuram&TN.jpg|thumb|Men and women at work in rice paddy fields in Etah (UP)]] Etah's primary economy is centered around agriculture. The area is situated between [[Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]] (Doaab) which is highly fertile ([[Alluvial soil]]). Farmers harvest three crops each year as irrigation is available year-round. Major agricultural products are rice, wheat, barley, [[jowar]], [[Pearl millet|bajra]], and maize, and the soil is also suitable for the cultivation of tobacco.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-17|title=Official Website of Nagar Palika Parishad, Etah / Etah City / History of Etah City|url=http://nppetah.in/pages/en/top-menu/etah-city/en-history-of-etah-city|access-date=2020-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917182128/http://nppetah.in/pages/en/top-menu/etah-city/en-history-of-etah-city|archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Uttar Pradesh, Town Amenities (Excel - Row 901)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB.html|access-date=14 September 2020|website=Censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref>

<ref name="nagarpalika1">{{Cite web|title=NAGAR PALIKA PARISHAD ETAH {{!}} District Etah, Government of Uttarpradesh {{!}} India|url=https://etah.nic.in/public-utility/nagar-palika-parishad-etah/|access-date=2020-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref>

<ref name="officialnpp">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-05|title=Official Website of Nagar Palika Parishad, Etah|url=http://nppetah.in/|access-date=2020-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905223214/http://nppetah.in/|archive-date=5 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="contactdetails">{{Cite web|title=AMRUT Contact Details of Heads|url=http://amrut.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/AMRUT_Cities-_Contact_details_of_Heads.pdf|access-date=14 September 2020|website=Amrut.gov.in}}</ref>

<ref name="swachh">{{Cite web|title=Swachh Volunteering - MoHUA|url=http://164.100.228.143:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/Swachh%20volunteering.pdf|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="planning">{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / Etah (Etah)|url=http://uptownplanning.gov.in/article/en/eta-ra|access-date=2020-09-14|website=uptownplanning.gov.in}}</ref>

<ref name="water">{{Cite web|title=424 लाख रुपये से अर्बन क्षेत्रों में दुरुस्त होगी पेयजल समस्या|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etah/water-problem-water-prblem-etah-nagar-palika-etah-etah-news-agr458578689|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

<ref name="electric">{{Cite web|date=2018-07-02|title=Facing electricity trouble in Uttar Pradesh? Dial these numbers|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/facing-electricity-trouble-in-uttar-pradesh-dial-these-numbers/1228565/|access-date=2020-09-14|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

<ref name="train1">{{Cite web|date=July 5, 2015|first=Arvind |last=Chauhan|title=A train that halts at the wave of a hand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/A-train-that-halts-at-the-wave-of-a-hand/articleshow/47950106.cms|access-date=2020-10-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="train2">{{Cite web|title=Etah Railway Station (ETAH) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/etah-etah-station|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="train3">{{Cite web|title=North Eastern Railway|url=https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=1398&id=0,4,268}}</ref>

<ref name="nagarpalika2">{{Cite web|date=2019-09-11|title=Official Website of Nagar Palika Parishad, Etah / About us / Mohalla & Wards covered by ETAH NPP|url=http://nppetah.in/pages/en/top-menu/about-us/en-mohalla-wards-covered-by-etah-npp|access-date=2020-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911223757/http://nppetah.in/pages/en/top-menu/about-us/en-mohalla-wards-covered-by-etah-npp|archive-date=11 September 2019}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110903013316/http://www.upelections.co.in/ Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110909114449/http://www.upelections.co.in/uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituencies/etah Etah Assembly Elections]
*[http://etah.nic.in]

{{Aligarh division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Etah| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Etah - Revision history

>Devildudeack at 04:22, 6 April 2021