>SdkbBot at 18:18, 3 July 2021

2021-07-03T18:18:43Z

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{{Short description|Species of frog}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Euphlyctis karaavali adult male.jpg
| image_caption = [[Holotype]] male
| status =
| status_system =
| taxon = Euphlyctis karaavali
| authority = Priti, Naik, Seshadri, Singal, Vidisha, Ravikanth, and Gururaja, 2016<ref name="Priti et al. 2016"/>
}}

'''''Euphlyctis karaavali''''' ('''Karaavali skittering frog''') is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Dicroglossidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the southwestern coast of [[India]] in [[Karnataka]].<ref name=Frost/>

==Description==
It is a large adult size frog with snout to vent length in males ranging between 55–69 mm and females being larger and up to 106 mm. The snout is obtusely pointed when observed from both dorsal and ventral planes and protrudes beyond the lower jaw. Tongue is spatulate and bifid without lingual papilla. [[Tympanum (anatomy)|Tympanum]] is distinct and a supra-tympanic fold from back of eye to forelimb is prominent. Head is wider than long. Skin on dorsum possess granulation. [[Nuptial pad]] on finger present in adult males. Two [[vocal sac]]s present and deep purple in coloration. Webbing between toes complete. Ventral side with brown reticulation, which gets dense towards the abdomen.<ref name="Priti et al. 2016"/>

===Sexual dimorphism===
Males have [[nuptial pads]]. They also possess a pair of [[vocal sac]]s on the lower jaw. Adult females are larger than males.<ref name="Priti et al. 2016"/> [[Image: Adult female of Euphlyctis karaavali.jpg|thumb|right|Adult female in life]]

==Systematics==
The [[phylogenetic]] position of ''Euphlyctis karaavali'', ascertained using a combination of 12s and 16s rRNA sequences, reveals a sister relationship with ''Euphlyctis aloysii'' and ''[[Euphlyctis hexadactylus]]''<ref name="Priti et al. 2016"/>

==Distribution==
This species was described from fallow agriculture fields in the coastal [[village]] [[Sanikatta]] within [[Kumta]] [[Taluk]], [[Uttara Kannada]] [[District]], [[Karnataka]]. Subsequently, the species was observed from six localities in [[Karnataka]] ''viz.,'' [[Kodanga]], [[Baire, Karnataka|Baire]], [[Chendia]], [[Kadwada]], [[Tariwada]], and [[Konaje]]. Recently, this species was reported from [[Tiruvananthapuram]] in [[Kerala]] which is 810 km away from the type locality, [[Sanikatta]]<ref name = "Anoop et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Anoop |first1=V. S. |last2=Kumar |first2=Kiran S. |last3=Sivakumar |first3=K. C. |last4=Reghunathan |first4=Dinesh |last5=Manoj |first5=P. |last6=Deuti |first6=Kaushik |last7=George |first7=Sanil |name-list-style=amp |title=The complete mitochondrial genome of ''Euphlyctis karaavali'' (Amphibia: Anura) with a note on its range expansion |journal=Conservation Genetics Resources |date=2017 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=427–430 |doi=10.1007/s12686-017-0703-7|s2cid=23240945 }}</ref>

==Ecology and natural history notes==
It is a common frog species in the region where it is found and can found calling from rainwater inundated fallow agriculture fields,
small manmade tanks, pools and puddles around human habitations. Advertisement vocalizations resemble calls of the [[white-throated kingfisher]].<ref name = "Priti et al. 2016"/>

== Etymology ==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''karaavali'' is derived from the [[Kannada]] name for the coastal region where it is found.<ref name="Priti et al. 2016" />

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dicroglossidae/Dicroglossinae/Euphlyctis/Euphlyctis-karaavali |title=''Euphlyctis karaavali'' Priti, Naik, Seshadri, Singal, Vidisha, Ravikanth, and Gururaja, 2016 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2019 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Priti et al. 2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Priti |first1=Hebbar |last2=Naik |first2=Chandrakanth Rukkappa |last3=Seshadri |first3=Kadaba Shamanna |last4=Singal |first4=Ramit |last5=Vidisha |first5=Madhava Kulkarni |last6=Ravikanth |first6=Gudasalmani |last7=Gururaja |first7=Kotambylu Vasudeva |name-list-style=amp |date=2016 |title=A new species of ''Euphlyctis'' (Amphibia, Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the West Coastal Plains of India |journal=Asian Herpetological Research |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=229–241 |doi=10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.160020 }}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q51326739}}

[[Category:Euphlyctis|karaavali]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 2016]]

Euphlyctis karaavali - Revision history

>SdkbBot at 18:18, 3 July 2021