Ajay Kumar at 20:06, 28 September 2023

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{{Short description|Cousin of the prophet Muhammad (c.614–c.639)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Fadl ibn Abbas <br> فضل بن عباس
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ar
| image =
| caption =
| title =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa|614}} AD
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]]
| ethnicity = [[Arab people|Arab]]
| occupation =
| death_date = {{circa|639}} AD
| death_place = [[Imwas|Amwas]], [[Palestinian territories|Palestine]]
| known_for = [[Companions of the Prophet|Sahabi]] and cousin of [[Muhammad]]
| children = Abdulrehman, Muhammad(Ahmed) bin Fadl ibn abbas, Umm Kulthum bint Fadl ibn Abbas
| relatives = {{plainlist| ''Brothers:''
*[[Ibn Abbas|Abd Allah ibn Abbas]]
*[[Qutham ibn Abbas]]
*Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas
*Ma'bad ibn Abbas
*Abd al-Rahman ibn Abbas
*Umm Habib bint Abbas {{small|(sister)}}}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*[[Safiya bint Mahmiya]]
*Amra bint Yazid
}}
| father = [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]
| mother = [[Lubaba bint al-Harith]]
}}
'''Faḍl ibn ʿAbbās''' ([[Arabic]]: فضل بن عباس; c. 614 – 639 CE) was a brother of [[Ibn Abbas|Abd Allah ibn Abbas]] and was a cousin of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].

==Biography==
Fadl was the eldest son of [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], an uncle of Muhammad and a wealthy merchant of [[Mecca]], and of [[Lubaba bint al-Harith]], a sister of Muhammad's wife [[Maymunah bint al-Harith|Maymuna]].<ref>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', p. 201. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> He was among those who "stood firm" at the [[Battle of Hunayn]] in 630,<ref>Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 569.</ref> after which his family emigrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 202.</ref>

Fadl married his cousin, Safiya bint Mahmiya,<ref>Muslim 5:2347.</ref><ref>Abu Dawud 19:2979.</ref><ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Isaba'', vol. 7 #11412; vol. 8 #12064.</ref> and they had one daughter, Umm Kulthum, who was born in Muhammad's lifetime.<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''Isaba'', vol. 8 #12234.</ref> He also married Amra bint Yazid of the [[Banu Kilab|Kilab]] tribe, but this marriage ended in divorce after only a few months.<ref>Guillaume, A. (1960). ''New Life on the Light of Muhammad'', p. 55. Manchester: Manchester University Press.</ref>

According to his brother Abd Allah, Fadl was an extremely handsome man. At the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] in March 632, he rode pillion on Muhammad's camel. On his own admission, he gazed at a pretty girl on another camel so intently that Muhammad had to take his chin and turn his face away from her three times.<ref>Bukhari 8:74:247.</ref><ref>Ibn Hanbal, ''Musnad''. Translated by Al-Khattab, N., vol. 2 p. 218 #1805. Riyadh: Darussalem.</ref><ref>Ibn Hanbal (Khattab) vol. 2 p. 222 #1818.</ref> It was concerning this incident that Muhammad made his famous remark: “I saw a young man and a young woman, and I could not trust Satan with them.”<ref>Ibn Kathir (Le Gassick) vol. 4 p. 265.</ref>

When Muhammad succumbed to his final illness, it was Fadl and his cousin [[Ali]] who supported him in his final walk to [[Aisha]]'s house.<ref>Ibn Ishaq, ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad'', p. 679. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> After Muhammad's death, Fadl was one of those who entered his grave and helped to lay his body.<ref>Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 688-689.</ref>

He took part in many battles of the Muslims against Byzantines and Persians.<ref name="al-islam.org">[[Peshawar Nights]] on Al-Islam.org [http://www.al-islam.org/peshawar/7.2.html]</ref> During the Rashidun invasion towards Levant, after [[Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah]] has pacified the area in Moab, he sent [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] and Fadl ibn Abbas to subdue the city of [[Amman]].<ref name="Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia" /> Waqidi recorded that [[Said ibn Amir al-Jumahi]] testifies during the battle, where occurred on a bridge, he saw on the front of Muslim army, Zubayr and Fadl fought ferociously against the Byzantines atop of their horses, as in Waqidi record, "each (Zubayr and Fadl) fought like thousand horsemens", as the Byzantine soldiers were terrified and fleeing on the sight of Zubayr and Fadl, as Said ibn Amir following by saying that at the Rashidun army were butchering the fleeing Byzantine soldiers, while some has been captured as prisoner of war.<ref name="“The” conquest of Syria commonly ascribed to Aboo 'Abd Allah Mohammad b. 'Omar al-Wáqidí · Volume 3; W. Nassau Less edition">{{cite book |last1=Ibn-ʿAbdallāh Abū-Ismāʿīl al-Azdī al-Baṣrī |first1=Muhammad |editor1-last=Nassau Lees |editor1-first=W. |title="The" conquest of Syria commonly ascribed to Aboo 'Abd Allah Mohammad b. 'Omar al-Wáqidí · Volume 3 |date=1863 |publisher=Bengal military Press |location=Austrian National Library |page=153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzErgfe25EkC |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="Bibliotheca Indica Pages 1-3, excerpts from Waqidi">{{cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Ganganatha |title=Bibliotheca Indica Pages 1-3 |date=1854 |publisher=Asiatic Society. |location=Calcutta, India |page=153 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/bibliotheca-indica-collection-oriental-works |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> Then Zubair managed to kill the Byzantine commander named Nicetas and continued with the city of Amman subdued.<ref name="Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia">{{cite book |last1=Kharasiyat |first1=Muhammad Abdul Qadir |title=عمان في العهد الإسلامي|trans-title=Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia |date=2004 |publisher=Amman Municipality |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JfVtAAAAMAAJ |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref>

Later, the Muslim forces besieged Barqa ([[Cyrenaica]]) for about three years to no avail.<ref name="bahnasa" /> Then [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]], who previously involved in the conquest of [[Oxyrhynchus]] ([[البهنسا, Al-Bahnasa]]), offered a radical plan to erect catapult which filled by cotton sacks.<ref name="bahnasa" /> Then as the night came and the city guard slept, Khalid ordered his best warriors such as [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]], his son [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr|Abd Allah]], [[Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr]], Fadl ibn Abbas, Abu Mas'ud al-Badri, and Abd al-Razzaq to step into the catapult platform which filled by cotton sacks.<ref name="bahnasa" /> The catapult launched them one by one to the top of the wall and allowed these warriors to enter the city, opening the gates and killing the guards, thus allowing the Muslim forces to enter and capturing the city.<ref name="bahnasa">{{cite news |author1=الشاعر |title=البهنسا .. مدينة الشهداء وبقيع مصر|trans-title= Bahnasa .. the city of martyrs and Baqi’ of Egypt |url=https://www.saaa25.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1/ |access-date=28 January 2022 |agency=صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news) |publisher=صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news) |date=2020 |language=ar |format=website news |quote=عبد اللطيف عبد الرحمن, ‎أبي عبد الله محمد بن عمر/الواقدي · 2005; فتوح الشام}}</ref>

Fadl transmitted some [[hadith]]s about Muhammad, but he did not live long enough to be known as a great teacher. He died of the plague in Amwas, Syria, in 18 AH (639 CE), aged about 25.<ref>Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 95.</ref><ref name="Islam4theworld">{{cite news |url=http://www.islam4theworld.net/sahabah/fadl_bn_abbas_R.htm|title=Fadl bin 'Abbas|accessdate=21 June 2014}}</ref>

==Status in Shia Islam==
He is well regarded by [[Shia Islam|Shias]] since [[List of Sahabah who did not give bay'ah to Abu Bakr|he refused to give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr]].<ref name="al-islam.org"/>

== See also ==
* [[Companions of the Prophet]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.sevde.de/Sahabeler/FADL_iBN_ABBAS.htm

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fadl Ibn Abbas}}
[[Category:614 births]]
[[Category:639 deaths]]
[[Category:Sahabah hadith narrators]]

Fadl ibn Abbas - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 20:06, 28 September 2023