https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Fagus_orientalisFagus orientalis - Revision history2026-07-30T16:30:13ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Fagus_orientalis&diff=354139&oldid=prevWikiDwarfBOT at 17:14, 10 March 20222022-03-10T17:14:40Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Species of beech}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{speciesbox<br />
|name = ''Fagus orientalis''<br />
|image = Fagus orientalis-dkrb(2).jpg<br />
|image_caption = Oriental beech foliage, fruits and trunk.<br />
|genus = Fagus<br />
|species = orientalis<br />
|status = LC<br />
|status_system = IUCN3.1<br />
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Rivers, M.C. |author2=Barstow, M. |date=2017 |title=''Fagus orientalis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T79914188A109616835 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T79914188A109616835.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref><br />
|authority = [[Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky|Lipsky]]<br />
|range_map =<br />
|range_map_caption =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Fagus orientalis''''', commonly known as the '''Oriental beech''', is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] in the [[beech]] family [[Fagaceae]]. It is native to [[Eurasia]], in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Western Asia]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
[[File:Fagus orientalis Lagodekhi3.jpg|thumb|300px|left|In the [[Caucasus Mountains]], Georgia.]]<br />
''Fagus orientalis'' is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to {{convert|45|m|abbr=on}} tall and {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}} trunk diameter, though more typically {{convert|25|-|35|m|abbr=on}} tall and up to {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}} trunk diameter.<br />
<br />
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, {{convert|7|-|15|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5|-|9|cm|abbr=on}} broad, with 7–13 veins on each side of the leaf (6–7 veins in ''F. sylvatica''). The [[bud]]s are long and slender, {{convert|15|-|30|mm}} long and {{convert|2|-|3|mm|abbr=on}} thick, but thicker, till {{convert|4|-|5|mm|abbr=on}}, where the buds include flower buds.<br />
<br />
The [[flower]]s are small [[catkin]]s which appear shortly after the leaves in spring.<br />
<br />
The [[seed]]s are small triangular [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]] {{convert|15|-|20|mm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7|-|10|mm|abbr=on}} wide at the base; there are two nuts in each cupule, maturing in the autumn 5–6 months after pollination. The cupule differs from that of European Beech in having flattened, slightly leaf-like appendages at the base (slender, soft spines in European Beech).<br />
<br />
===Taxonomy===<br />
''Fagus orientalis'' is closely related to the [[Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica'' (European Beech)]], and intergrades with it in the [[Balkans]] and northwestern Turkey. These [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] with European Beech are named ''Fagus × taurica''.<br />
<br />
==Distribution and habitat==<br />
The tree's natural range extends from southeastern Bulgaria's [[Strandja]] mountain, through northwest [[Turkey]], and east to the [[Caucasus Mountains]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and Russia, to the [[Alborz Mountains]] in [[Iran]].<br />
<br />
Its habitat is restricted to [[mountain]] forests, at {{convert|500|-|2100|m|abbr=on}} of altitude.<br />
<br />
The Oriental beech has colonized even lower altitudes in the [[Strandja]] mountain of [[Bulgaria]] as low as {{convert|200|-|300|m|abbr=on}} above sea-level, due to the unique local micro-climate, where it forms typical ''Fagus orientalis''−''[[Rhododendron ponticum]]'' forests as well as with other evergreen shrubs.<br />
<br />
==Use==<br />
The wood of ''Fagus orientalis'' is heavy, hard, strong and highly resistant to shock. These features makes it suitable for [[steam bending]]. The wood is also a source to [[fuelwood]] and can be used for constructions [[particleboard]], furniture, flooring [[Wood veneer|veneer]], mining poles, railway tiles and paper.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Kandemirm, G. |author2=Kaya, Z.|title=Oriental beech - ''Fagus orientalis'': Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use |date=2009|url=http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin//templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Technical_guidelines/1369_Oriental_beech__Fagus_orientalis_.pdf |publisher=[[EUFORGEN]]: European Forest Genetic Resources Programme}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Caucasus mixed forests|Caucasus mixed forests ecoregion]] — ''key species in the ecoregion''<br />
**[[Abies nordmanniana|''Abies nordmanniana'' (Nordmann Fir)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.floridata.com/ref/F/fagu_ori.cfm Oriental beech] on Floridata<br />
*[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Fagus+orientalis ''Fagus orientalis''], ''Plants for a Future''<br />
* [http://www.euforgen.org/species/fagus-orientalis/ ''Fagus orientalis''] - distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources. [[European Forest Genetic Resources Programme]] (EUFORGEN)<br />
<br />
{{Commons category|Fagus orientalis|position=left}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1543749}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fagus|orientalis]]<br />
[[Category:Trees of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Trees of Europe]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Armenia]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Azerbaijan]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Bulgaria]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Georgia (country)]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]<br />
[[Category:Environment of Abkhazia]]</div>WikiDwarfBOT