>BrownHairedGirl at 19:04, 25 March 2021

2021-03-25T19:04:58Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category =
| photo =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption =
| photo_width =
| map = India Sikkim
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Sikkim, India
| map_width =
| location = [[East Sikkim|East Sikkim District]], [[Sikkim]]
| nearest_city = [[Gangtok]]
| coordinates = {{coords|27|18|40.68|N|88|32|1.2|E|display=inline, title}}
| area = 51.760 km2
| established = 1984
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Government of India]], [[Government of Sikkim]]
| world_heritage_site =
| url =
}}

'''Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary''' ([[Devanagari]]: फाम्बोन्ग ल्हो) is a {{convert|51|km2|abbr=on}} large wildlife sanctuary in [[East Sikkim]] district of the state of [[Sikkim]] in [[India]]. It is contiguous with [[Khangchendzonga National Park]] and located around {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Gangtok]]. It hosts a few small hamlets inside, namely Dikchu, Pangthang, and [[Mangan, India|Mangan]] and is managed by State Forest Department.
[[File:Log House at Golitar Fambong Lho WLS.jpg|thumb|Old log house at Golitar, inside Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary]].

==Geography==
Altitudinal Range of the Fambong Lho lies between 1524 metres to 2749 metres. At the top of Fambong Lho WLS is Chuli hamlet. No human habitat is there between the log house of Fambong Lho and Chuli trekkers hut. Gangtok is in the eastern side of this place and Khangchendzonga National Park in its west. Some riverine tributaries flowing through this sanctuary [[discharge (hydrology)|discharge]] in [[Teesta River|Teesta]] and Dikchuu river. These riverine tributaries flowing from north enriches its biodiversity. The highest point of this wildlife sanctuary is Tinjure.

==Biodiversity==
This sanctuary falls at the junction of [[Palearctic realm]] and [[Indomalayan realm]], supporting a large variety of mammalian and avian fauna.

==Natural History==

===Ecoregions and biomes===
Inside this wildlife sanctuary, the primary [[ecoregion]]s and their corresponding [[biome]]s are:
* [[Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands]] of the [[tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]] biome,
* [[Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests]] of the [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]] biome,
* [[Himalayan subtropical pine forests]] of the [[tropical and subtropical coniferous forests]] biome,
* [[Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]] of the [[temperate coniferous forests]] biome, and
* [[Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows]] of the [[montane grasslands and shrublands]] biome.

All of these are typical of the [[Bhutan]] - [[Nepal]] - [[India]] hilly region. Forest types here include sub-alpine rhododendron forest, fir-oak forest and broad-leaved evergreen forest. This place also houses more than 740 species of flowers.

===Fauna===
'''Birds''' at Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary include species like the [[hill partridge]], [[satyr tragopan]], [[fire-tailed myzornis]], [[bar-throated minla]], [[red-tailed minla]], [[black-eared shrike babbler]], [[scaly laughingthrush]], [[streak-breasted scimitar babbler]], [[rusty-fronted barwing]], [[yellow-browed tit]], [[red-headed bullfinch]], [[crimson-browed finch]], [[chestnut-crowned warbler]] etc. The endangered [[rufous-headed hornbill]] has been sighted here.

'''Mammals''', which are regularly sighted in this sanctuary are [[barking deer]], [[yellow-throated marten]], [[Himalayan brown bear]] and [[red panda]]. Beside these, [[takin]], [[red fox]] and [[musk deer]] are also present at higher altitudes. Some very commonly seen mammals in this wildlife sanctuary are [[Himalayan striped squirrel]] and [[Royle's pika]] of the family [[Ochotonidae]].

<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="180">
File:Bar-throated Siva Fambong Lho WLS March 2014.jpg|[[Bar-throated minla]] (''Minla strigula strigula'')
File:Chestnut-Crowned Warbler Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim India 27.03.jpg|[[Chestnut-crowned warbler]] (''Seicercus castaniceps castaniceps'')
File:Black-eared Shrike-babbler Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim India 29.03.2014.jpg|[[Black-eared shrike-babbler]] (''Pteruthius melanotis melanotis'')
File:Rusty-fronted Barwing Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim India 29.03.2014.jpg|[[Rusty-fronted barwing]] (''Actinodura egertoni'')
File:Rufous-vented Yuhina Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim 28.03.2014.jpg|[[Rufous-vented yuhina]] (''Yuhina occipitalis'')
File:Crimson-browed Finch Adult Female Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctury 30.03.2014.jpg|[[Crimson-browed finch]] (''Pinicola subhimachala'')
File:Yellow-browed Tit Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim 30.03.2014.jpg|[[Yellow-browed tit]] (''Sylviparus modestus'')
File:Lemon-rumped Warbler Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary Sikkim 29.03.2014.jpg|[[Lemon-rumped warbler]] (''Phylloscopus chloronotus'')
</gallery>

==2017 fire==
On 4 February 2017, a major fire broke out at Tinjurey Ridge in the sanctuary.<ref>http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/major-fire-breaks-out-in-sikkim-s-fambanglho-wildlife-sanctuary/story-kLE7tTBdirM46XOk6BYcYO.html</ref> 18 helicopters were sent to douse the fire, which took several days.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* http://sikkimforest.gov.in

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Sikkim]]
[[Category:East Sikkim district]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Sikkim]]

Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

>BrownHairedGirl at 19:04, 25 March 2021