Ajay Kumar at 12:41, 9 January 2022

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{{About|a town in Punjab India|its namesake district|Fatehgarh Sahib district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Fatehgarh Sahib
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = {{photomontage
| photo1a = A view of Fatehgarh Sahib Gurudwara, martyrdom of Fateh and Zorawar Singh, Punjab India.jpg
| photo2a = Rouja Sharif.JPG
| photo2b = Clock At Fategarh Sahib.jpg
| photo3a = Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib WikiExpedition 03.jpg
| color = transparent
| border = 0
}}
| image_alt = Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara
| image_caption = Clockwise from top:<br/ >Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara in Punjab,Rouja Sharif,Clock in Fatehgarh,Banda Singh Bahadur College
| pushpin_map = India #India Punjab
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|38|50|N|76|23|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Baba Fateh Singh, son of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 246
| population_total = 50,788
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages Punjabi
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 140406,140407
| area_code = +91-1763
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = PB-23
| website = {{URL|http://www.fatehgarhsahib.nic.in}}
| footnotes = [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Fatehgarh.html]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| official_name =
| leader_party = MLA of Fatehgarh Sahib is Kuljeet Singh Nagra from Congress Party
}}
'''Fatehgarh Sahib''' is a town and a sacred pilgrimage site of [[Sikhism]] in the north west [[India]]n [[States of India|state]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="McLeod2009p65"/> It is the headquarters of [[Fatehgarh Sahib district]], located about {{convert|5|km}} north of [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]]. Fatehgarh Sahib is named after [[Fateh Singh (Sikhism)|Fateh Singh]], the 7-year-old son of [[Guru Gobind Singh]], who was seized and buried alive, along with his 9-year-old brother [[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|Zoravar Singh]], by the Mughals under the orders of governor [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]] during the ongoing [[Mughal-Sikh Wars|Mughal-Sikh wars]] of the early 18th century.<ref name=eosfatehgarh>Gurmukh Singh (2009), [http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx Fatehgarh Sahib], Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University</ref><ref name="McLeod2009p65">{{cite book|author=W. H. McLeod|title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC |year=2009|publisher=Scarecrow|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6|page=65}}</ref> The town experienced major historical events after the martyrdom of the sons in 1705, with frequent changes of control between the Sikhs and Mughals.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Singha2000p186">{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C |year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|pages=186–187}}</ref>

The town features historic Gurdwaras, including the underground Bhora Sahib marking the location where the two boys refused to [[Forced conversion|convert to Islam]] and fearlessly accepted being bricked alive.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Jain2003p289">{{cite book|author=Harish Jain|title=The Making of Punjab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLCBJiEHs4cC&pg=PA289|year=2003|publisher=Unistar |page=289 }}</ref> In contemporary times, the town is the site of educational institutions such as the [[SGPC]] run Guru Granth Sahib University and Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT555 |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100412-4|page=555}}</ref>

==History==
The city is a historically important settlement {{convert|40|km}} north of the city of [[Patiala]] and 42 kilometers (26 mi) west of Punjab's capital, [[Chandigarh]]. It is a major pilgrimage center in [[Sikhism]].

The [[Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib]] is the major landmark in the town. It marks the location where two youngest sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] – 7-year-old Baba Fateh Singh Ji and 9-year-old Baba Zorawar Singh Ji– were betrayed by their cook and servant Gangu to the Mughal army, seized, asked to convert to Islam and when they refused they were buried alive under the orders of Wazir Khan.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Smith2008p410">{{cite book|author=Bonnie G. Smith|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514890-9|pages=410–411}}</ref> Their martyrdom on 9 December 1705 has been remembered by the Sikhs by naming the site as Fatehgarh after the youngest boy killed, and by building a large Gurdwara in 1843.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/> The town is also the location where the Sikhs took revenge by capturing it from Wazir Khan in 1710 and killing him.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Singha2000p186"/> However, the Sikh militia was defeated again few years later and the town remained in the control of Muslim rulers, including later an appointee of Ahmed Shah Durrani till 1764, when Khalsa recaptured it by defeating and killing the appointee Zain Khan.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Singha2000p186"/>

==Places of worship==
[[File:2 A view of Bhora Sahib Ji, Sirhind Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab India, sanctum where two sons of Guru Gobind Singh were buried alive by Islamic army.jpg|thumb|left|Bhora Sahib, the sanctum remembering the spot where two sons of Guru Gobind Singh were buried alive. The wall is visible to the side of the golden dome.]]
[[File:Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|Backview of the entrance gateway to the Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwaras complex, Punjab]]
The town is home to major Sikh Gurdwaras:
*Bhora Sahib: the underground location within Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara where the two sons were buried alive. This monument was built by Karam Singh of Patiala in early 19th-century.
*Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara: the main Sikh temple in the town, in whose basement is Bhora Sahib. The Gurdwara stands on a high point of the town, has an Indo-Islamic architecture with a square plan, a ribbed lotus dome and cusped arches. The floor is made of marble and is decorated with a mosaic. It is three storeyed consisting of a basement, a central pavilion and dome level above. The basement has a copy of the Sikh scripture, Khalsa swords, dagger and other holy historic relics. It is marked with silence, usually with visitors as well as pilgrims seated and praying. The upper level with the central pavilion also houses the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' and features ''kirtan'' singing. The upper levels and domes were added by Yadavinder Singh in 1955, after India gained its independence from the colonial British Empire.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/>
*[[Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup]] lies about {{convert|1.5|km}} southeast from Fatehgarh Sahib on the Sirhind-Chandigarh road. At this place, [[Mata Gujri]] – the mother of Guru Gobind Singh, and her two youngest grandchildren, Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh were cremated.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/><ref name="Singha2000p186"/><ref name="Smith2008p410"/>
*Gurdwara Bimangarh is close to the Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara. It is a location where the dead bodies of the two children and their grandmother was kept for the night before the cremation.<ref name=eosfatehgarh/>
*Banda Bahadur platform is believed in the Sikh tradition as the place where 6,000 Sikhs died fighting the Muslim army in the Battle of Chapparchiri.<ref name="Singha2000p186"/>

There also exists remains of an ancient Royal inn in the city named [[Aam Khas Bagh]] that was initially built by Akbar and rebuilt by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Shah Jahan]].

Shaheedi Jor Mel
Every year between 11th and 14th of the month of [[Poh]] (usually about 25 to 27 December), Fatehgarh Sahib is the pilgrimage site for many Sikhs who visit it to remember the martyrdom, locally known as [[Shaheedi Jor Mel]] of the sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name=eosfatehgarh/>

==Todar Mal Haveli==
[[Pandit Todarmal]], who is most remembered for defying the Mughals by arranging for the cremation of young martyred sons of Guru Gobind Singh and his mother, had a haveli that still exists, [[Jahaz Haveli|Todar Mal Haveli]].{{sfn|Dahiya|2014|p=185}}

==See also==
*[[Anandpur Sahib]]
*[[Harmandir Sahib]]
*[[Sirhind-Fategarh]]
*[[History of Sirhind]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Dahiya |first=Amardeep S. |title=Founder of the Khalsa: The Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh |url={{Google books|UA09BAAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-81398-53-1 }}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190517083812/https://fatehgarhsahib.nic.in/ Official website]
* [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17448720500442592 Materializing Sikh Pasts], Anne Murphy (2006)
{{Fatehgarh Sahib district}}

[[Category:Fatehgarh Sahib| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Fatehgarh Sahib district]]

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Fatehgarh Sahib - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 12:41, 9 January 2022