https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Federal_Court_of_IndiaFederal Court of India - Revision history2026-07-31T09:54:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Federal_Court_of_India&diff=202293&oldid=prev>WikiCleanerBot at 20:16, 4 November 20202020-11-04T20:16:02Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>The '''Federal Court of India''' was a judicial body, established in [[British India|India]] in 1937 under the provisions of the ''[[Government of India Act 1935]]'', with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until the [[Supreme Court of India]] was established in 1950. Although the seat of the Federal Court was at [[Delhi]], however, a separate [[Federal Court of Pakistan]] was established in Pakistan in [[Karachi]] after the [[Partition of India]]. There was a right of appeal to the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] in [[London]] from the Federal Court of India.<br />
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The Federal Court had exclusive original jurisdiction in any dispute between the Central Government and the Provinces. Initially, it was empowered to hear appeals from the High Courts of the provinces in the cases which involved the interpretation of any Section of the Government of India Act, 1935. From 5 January 1948 it was also empowered to hear appeals in those cases, which did not involve any interpretation of the Government of India Act, 1935.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Raj (ed.)|title=Essays on Legal Systems in India |publisher=Discovery Publishing House|location=New Delhi|year=2003|pages=108–11|isbn=81-7141-701-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMzU5mv7zhgC&q=Federal+Court+of+India&pg=PA108}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
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The Federal Court came into being on 1 October 1937. The seat of the court was the [[Chamber of Princes]] in the Parliament building in Delhi. It began with a Chief Justice and two puisne judges. The first Chief Justice was Sir [[Maurice Gwyer]] and the other two judges were Sir [[Shah Muhammad Sulaiman]] and [[M. R. Jayakar]]. It functioned until the establishment of the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 28 January 1950, two days after India was declared a republic.<br />
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{| class="sortable wikitable "<br />
|- style="background:#B5B5B5"<br />
! Number<br />
! class="unsortable"|Name<br />
! class="unsortable" colspan="2" | Period of office<br />
! Length of term (days)<br />
! Bar<br />
! Appointed by<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| 1<br />
| Sir [[Maurice Gwyer]]<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1937|October|1}}<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1943|April|25}}<sup>‡</sup><br />
| {{formatnum:{{age in days|1937|10|1|1943|4|25}}}}<br />
| [[Inner Temple]]<br />
| rowspan=3 align=center| [[Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow|The Marquess of Linlithgow]]<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ''Acting''<br />
| Sir [[Srinivas Varadachariar]]<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1943|April|25}}<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1943|June|7}}<br />
| {{formatnum:{{age in days|1943|4|25|1943|6|7}}}}<br />
| <br />
|- align="center"<br />
| 2<br />
| Sir [[Patrick Spens, 1st Baron Spens|Patrick Spens]]<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1943|June|7}}<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1947|August|14}}<br />
| {{formatnum:{{age in days|1943|6|7|1947|8|14}}}}<br />
| [[Inner Temple]]<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| 3<br />
| Sir [[H. J. Kania]]<br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1947|August|14}}<sup>#</sup><br />
| {{Dts|format=dmy|1950|January|26}}<br />
| {{formatnum:{{age in days|1947|8|14|1950|1|26}}}}<br />
| [[Bombay High Court]]<br />
| rowspan= align=center| [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]]<br />
|}<br />
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*<sup>‡</sup> – Date of Resignation<br />
*<sup>#</sup> – On 14 August 1947 Federal Court partitioned into the federal courts of India and Pakistan<br />
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==See also==<br />
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*[[History of South Asia|History of the Indian Subcontinent]]<br />
**[[History of the Republic of India]]<br />
***[[Supreme Court of India]]<br />
***[[Chief Justice of India]]<br />
***[[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|Judges of the Supreme Court of India]]<br />
***[[National Judicial Appointments Commission]]<br />
***[[Judicial activism in India]]<br />
**[[History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]<br />
***[[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] ([[History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan|Judicial history]])<br />
***[[Chief Justice of Pakistan]]<br />
***[[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan|Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan]]<br />
***[[Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan|Supreme Court Bar Association]]<br />
***Judicial activism ([[Lawyers' Movement|Lawyers' movement]])<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
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* Pylee, M.V. (1996). ''The Federal Court Of India'', New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, {{ISBN|978-81-259-0223-2}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100113150839/http://vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/Federal-Court-Enlargement-Of-Jurisdiction-Act-1947.htm ''Federal Court (Enlargement of Jurisdiction) Act, 1947'']<br />
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{{British dependencies chief justices|state = collapsed}}<br />
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[[Category:Lists of judges|***]]<br />
[[Category:1937 establishments in British India]]<br />
[[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1937]]<br />
[[Category:1950 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Judiciary of India]]<br />
[[Category:Judiciary of Pakistan]]</div>>WikiCleanerBot