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{{short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Sir
| birth_name = Malik Feroz Khan Noon
| native_name = {{nobold|ملک فیروز خان نون}}
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|KCSI|KCIE|OStJ}}
| image = Malik Feroz Khan Noon.jpg
| office = 7th [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
| president = [[Iskander Mirza]]
| term_start = 16 December 1957
| term_end = 7 October 1958
| predecessor = [[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]]
| successor = [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]]
| office1 = [[Minister of Defence (Pakistan)|Minister of Defence]]
| term_start1 = 16 December 1957
| term_end1 = 7 October 1958
| primeminister1 = ''Himself''
| predecessor1 = [[Mumtaz Daultana]]
| successor1 = [[Muhammad Ayub Khuhro]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| primeminister2 = [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
| term_start2 = 12 September 1956
| term_end2 = 7 October 1958
| predecessor2 = [[Hamidul Huq Choudhury]]
| successor2 = [[Manzur Qadir]]
| office3 = 3rd [[Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan|Chief Minister of West Punjab]]
| governor3 = {{ubl|[[Mian Aminuddin]]|[[Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola]]|[[Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani]]}}
| term_start3 = 3 April 1953
| term_end3 = 21 May 1955
| predecessor3 = Mumtaz Daultana
| successor3 = [[Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti]]
| office4 = Governor of [[East Bengal]]
| 1blankname4 = {{nowrap|Chief Minister}}
| 1namedata4 = [[Nurul Amin]]
| term_start4 = 31 March 1950
| term_end4 = 31 March 1953
| predecessor4 = [[Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
| successor4 = [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1893|5|7}}
| birth_place = [[Sargodha]], [[Punjab, British India]] {{avoid wrap|(now, [[Punjab, Pakistan]])}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Viqar un Nisa Noon]]|}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1970|12|9|1893|6|18}}
| death_place = [[Nurpur Noon]], Punjab, Pakistan
| party = [[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican]]
| alma_mater = [[Wadham College, Oxford]] ([[B. A.|BA]])
}}

'''Sir Malik Feroz Khan Noon''', {{post-nominals|size=100%|sep=,|KCSI|KCIE|OStJ}} ({{lang-ur|ملک فیروز خان نون}}; 7 May 1893{{snd}}9 December 1970),<ref name="Making Britain">{{cite web |last1=Open University |title=Making Britain :Firoz Khan Noon |url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/firoz-khan-noon |website=www.open.ac.uk |publisher=Making Britain |access-date=20 January 2018|location=London, UK}}</ref> best known as '''Feroze Khan''', was a Pakistani politician who served as the seventh [[prime minister of Pakistan]] from 1957 until being removed when President [[Iskandar Ali Mirza]] imposed martial law with the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]].

Trained as a [[Barristers in England and Wales|barrister]] in England, Noon served as [[High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom]] before serving as a [[military adviser]], over issues pertaining to the [[British Indian Army]], to Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]]'s [[Churchill war ministry|war ministry]] from the [[India Office]].<ref name="Making Britain" />

Noon was one of the [[Founding Fathers of Pakistan]] who helped to negotiate and establish the [[Dominion of Pakistan|Federation of Pakistan]] as a [[nation state]] on 14 August 1947, resulting from the successful [[Pakistan Movement|constitutional movement]] led by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].

==Early life and education in England==

Feroz Khan Noon was born in the village of Hamoka, located in [[Khushab District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]] in the then [[British India]] on 7 May 1893.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poel |first1=Jean van der |title=Selections from the Smuts Papers: Volume VII, August 1945 – October 1950 |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521033701 |page=427 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9W6t3SfRgUC&pg=PA427}}</ref> He came from an [[aristocratic]] landowning family that were known for their wealth and reputation in social circles<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mandal|first1=U. C.|title=Bureaucracy Growth And Devel.|year=1997|publisher=Sarup & Sons|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788185431840|page=96|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hieFMg8yVwgC&pg=PA96}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kamra|first1=Sukeshi|title=Bearing Witness: Partition, Independence, End of the Raj|year=2002|publisher=University of Calgary Press|isbn=9781552380413|page=393|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Td6TRRMBFVUC&pg=PA333}}</ref> and belonged to the Noon clan of [[Rajput]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=noon clan - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=noon+clan |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.google.com}}</ref>

After his initial schooling, Noon attended [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]] before being sent to England in 1912.<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, 1993">{{cite book|last1=Churchill|first1=Winston|last2=Gilbert|first2=Martin|author-link1=Winston Churchill|title=The Churchill War Papers: The ever-widening war, 1941|year=1993|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=9780393019599|pages=1094|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vx3lMi6AKmIC&pg=PA1094}}</ref> The India Office arranged for him to stay with the family of a Reverend Lloyd in [[Ticknall]], [[South Derbyshire]]. From there he applied to study at [[Oxford University]], initially being rejected by [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol College]], he was then accepted by [[Wadham College, Oxford|Wadham College]]. Noon stayed with Lloyd's family until 1913, and had a close relationship with them until going to Oxford.<ref name="Making Britain" />

At Wadham College, Noon studied history and [[Persian language|Farsi]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in history in 1916.<ref name="Ferozsons, 1966">{{cite book|last1=Noon|first1=(Sir Malik) Firoz Khan Noon|title=From Memory|year=1966|publisher=Ferozsons|location=Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan|pages=72–74|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqsEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA72}}</ref> He was a keen soccer player and played collegiate [[field hockey]] for Isis Club.<ref name="Making Britain" />

During his college years, Noon went to the United States in search of higher education at universities there but returned to Oxford.<ref name="Ferozsons, 1966"/> He interacted with very few Indian students while at university, heeding his father's advice to learn [[English culture]], and lacked time to attend any Indian cultural festivals because he was concentrating on his studies.<ref name="Making Britain" />

In 1916, Noon moved to London to sit the [[Bar exam|law examination]]. He qualified as a [[barrister-at-law]] from the [[Inner Temple]] in 1917 before returning to India.<ref name="Ferozsons, 1966" />

==Political career==

===Law practice and legislative career in India===

After returning to India in September 1917, Noon began practising law at the [[District Courts of Pakistan|District Court]] in Sargodha and later moved to the [[Lahore High Court]], establishing his reputation in [[Civil law (common law)|civil law]] until 1927.<ref name="Ferozsons, 1966" /><ref name="W. W. Norton & Company, 1993" />

In 1920–21, Noon entered national politics and was elected to the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly (British India)|Punjab Legislative Assembly]] on the platform of the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]. During this time, he formed a close acquaintance with [[Jogendra Singh]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Malhotra|first1=S. L.|title=From civil disobedience to quit India: Gandhi and the freedom movement in Punjab and Haryana, 1932–1942|year=1979|publisher=Publication Bureau, Panjab University|location=New Delhi, India|pages=76–77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jW5uAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> From 1927 until 1931, he joined the cabinet of the [[List of Governors of Punjab (British India)|Governor of Punjab]], [[Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey|Malcolm Hailey]] and held the portfolio of provincial Ministry of [[Local government in Pakistan|Local Government]] until 1930.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cell|first1=John W.|last2=Cell|first2=John Whitson|title=Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872-1969year=2002|date=22 August 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Uk|isbn=9780521521178|page=141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5LX9AUcyMYC&pg=PA141}}</ref>

Between 1931 and 1936, Noon was in the cabinets of Governors [[Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency]], Sir [[Sikandar Hayat Khan (Punjabi politician)|Sikandar Hyat]], and [[Herbert William Emerson]] where he held provincial portfolios of Ministries of Health and Education.<ref name="Brill Archive, 1974">{{cite book|last1=Korson|first1=J. Henry|title=Contemporary Problems of Pakistan|year=1974|publisher=Brill Archive|location=U.S.|isbn=9004039422|page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryprob0000kors/page/13 13]|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryprob0000kors|url-access=registration}}</ref>

In December 1932, Noon was appointed as an Officer of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Venerable Order of Saint John]].<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33899/pages/46 London Gazette, 3 January 1933]</ref> In 1933, Noon was [[knighted]] in the [[1933 New Year Honours]] List.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33898/supplements/3 London Gazette, 2 January 1933]</ref> He was appointed as Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE) in the [[1937 Coronation Honours]] List<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34396/supplements/3082 London Gazette, 11 May 1937]</ref> and appointed as Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI) in October 1941.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35304/pages/5855 London Gazette, 10 October 1941]</ref>

===Diplomatic career: World War II and Pakistan Movement===

In 1936, Noon resigned from his public service in Punjab when he was appointed as the [[High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom]].<ref name="Brill Archive, 1974"/>

Over the issue of the [[Immigration Act of 1924]] in the United States, the [[British Government]] directed Noon to [[Washington D.C.]] He was accompanied by [[Nevile Butler]] of the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] in 1941 to address issues of American exploration in [[British Balochistan|Baluchistan]], and the [[Most Favoured Nation]] (MFN) status between the United States and the United Kingdom, in light of the Anglo-American Trade Agreement signed in 1938. Noon showed great reluctance to grant American petroleum companies access to Baluchistan due to the Indian government's difficulty maintaining control in remote areas adjacent to [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]], especially when Indians were being barred from entering the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Malik|first1=Iftikhar H.|title=Us-South Asian Relations 1940–47: American Attitudes Toward The Pakistan Movement|year=1991|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781349212163|pages=39–49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saewCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39}}</ref>

After the start of [[World War II]] in 1939, Noon, who had pro-British views, supported British efforts against the [[Axis powers]], lobbying for [[Indian Army during World War II|deployment of the British Indian Army]] in Africa and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|year=1958|publisher=H. W. Wilson Co.|isbn=9780824201234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5MYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA410}}</ref> In 1940, he strongly supported [[Egypt]]ian plans to establish the grand mosque in London.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nasta|first1=Susheila|author-link=Susheila Nasta|title=India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858–1950|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=9780230392717|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlK5yLDDJ0MC&pg=PA89}}</ref> During the height of the anti-British [[Quit India Movement]] in India, Noon played a crucial role by convincing Prime Minister Churchill of the support of [[Indian Muslim]]s for continued British control there.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Toye|first1=Richard| author-link = Richard Toye |title=Winston Churchill: Politics, Strategy and Statecraft|year=2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=Indiana, U.S.|isbn=9781474263863|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acXIDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA121}}</ref>

In 1941, Noon left his diplomatic post when he was asked to join the Churchill cabinet, being appointed first as his [[military adviser]] from the [[Secretary of State for India]] of India Office on the affairs of the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Venkataramani|first1=M. S.|last2=Shrivastava|first2=B. K.|title=Roosevelt, Gandhi, Churchill: America and the last phase of India's freedom struggle|year=1983|publisher=Radiant Publishers|location=New Delhi, India|page=335|isbn=9780391019713|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nB12AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA335}}</ref> Khan later joined the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]]'s cabinet as a labour minister, and played a crucial role in advising against the [[Independence of India]], without addressing the push of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Founding Fathers of Pakistan|other leaders]] for the Muslim question.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hess|first1=Gary R.|title=America encounters India, 1941–1947|year=1971|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americaencounter00hess/page/38 38]–39|publisher=Johns Hopkins Press|isbn=9780801812583|url=https://archive.org/details/americaencounter00hess|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hope|first1=Ashley Guy|title=America and Swaraj: The U.S. Role in Indian Independence|year=1968|publisher=Public Affairs Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzZCAAAAIAAJ|pages=58–59}}</ref>{{clarify|date=June 2020|reason=What is the"Muslim question"?}}

In 1944–45, Churchill appointed Noon to the [[War Department (United Kingdom)|War Department]], leading his own department alongside Sir [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]] that provided representation for British India in the [[Pacific War Council]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ray|first1=Jayanta Kumar|title=Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World|date=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|location=Mumbai, India|isbn=9788131708347|pages=395–396|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC&pg=PA395}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the War Cabinet held at 10, Downing Street, S.W. 1, on Tuesday, 3rd April, 1945, at 11-30 am. |url=http://filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pdfs/large/cab-65-50.pdf |website=filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref> In 1945, he was appointed as [[Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations]], attending the first UN session in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lentz|first1=Harris M.|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9781134264902|page=612|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA612}}</ref>

In 1946, Noon joined the [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]], led by Jinnah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Feroz Khan Noon|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/24052/7/07_%20chapter%203.pdf|website=Shodhganga}}</ref> He merged his faction of the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] into the Muslim League and garnered public support for the cause of Pakistan amidst opposition from [[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana|Khizar Hayat Tiwana]], who wanted to remain as [[Prime Minister of the Punjab|Premier of the Indian Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jalal|first1=Ayesha|author-link1=Ayesha Jalal|title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=9780521458504|pages=144–145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C&pg=PA144}}</ref>

During the [[1945 Indian general election]], Noon's merging of the Unionist Party into the Muslim League played a decisive role. The Muslim League won by a landslide in the [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mohiuddin|first1=Yasmeen Niaz|title=Pakistan: A Global Studies Handbook|date=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=New York, U.S.|isbn=9781851098019|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTMy0B9OZjAC&pg=PA70}}</ref>

==Public service in Pakistan==

===Governorship of East Bengal and Chief Minister of Punjab===

In 1947, Noon retained his constituency and became a [[Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan]] (MNA) of the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]], following the establishment of Pakistan as a result of the [[Partition of India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lentz|first1=Harris M.|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9781134264902|page=612|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA612}}</ref>

In October 1947, Jinnah, now [[Governor-General of Pakistan]], appointed Noon as a special envoy and dispatched him to [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[Islamic world]] to introduce Pakistan and explain the reasons for its creation, to familiarize the Muslim countries with its internal problems, and to get moral and financial support from the brother countries. Noon performed the role assigned to him in a successful manner.

In 1950, Prime Minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] removed Feroz Noon from the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Foreign Ministry]], appointing him as the [[Governor of East Pakistan|Governor of East Bengal]]. However, he was less interested in the politics of [[East Bengal]] and focused towards the provincial politics of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan, contesting with [[Mumtaz Daultana]] for the post of [[Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister]].<ref name=":0" /> He had little interest in strengthening the political program of the [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]] in Bengal and offered no political action when the popular [[Bengali Language Movement]] took place in 1950–51. On 25 July 1952, he returned to Punjab in Pakistan and left the post to [[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]], returning to his post on 10  November 1952.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Siddiqui,_Abdur_Rahman|title=Siddiqui, Abdur Rahman |website=Banglapedia|access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref> Noon left Dhaka to become the Chief Minister of Punjab on 26 March 1953.<ref name="Bangla Encyclopedia">{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Noon,_Malik_Firoz_Khan|title=Noon, Malik Firoz Khan|last=Jafar|first=Abu|website=Banglapedia|access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref>

After the 1953 [[1953 Lahore riots|religious riots in Lahore]] that resulted in Daultana's resignation, Noon finally achieved his goal when he convinced Prime Minister [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] to appoint him as the third Chief Minister of Punjab.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mahmud|first1=Syed|title=A nation is born|date=1958|publisher=Feroz Printing Works|location=Karachi, Pakistan|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_545AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA26}}</ref>

===Foreign ministry in coalition administration===

In 1955, Noon parted from the Muslim League when he helped to establish the [[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican Party]], supporting the cause of the [[One Unit]] programme that laid establishment{{clarify|date=June 2022}} of [[West Pakistan|West]] and East wings of Pakistan. He took over the presidency of the Republican Party, and joined the [[Coalition government|coalition]] of the three-party government composed of, the [[East Pakistan Awami League|Awami League]], the Muslim League, and the Republican Party that endorsed Iskander Mirza for the presidency. Noon had been ideologically very close to Mirza and was appointed in the coalition cabinet of Prime Minister [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy|Huseyn Suhrawardy]].

In 1956–57, Noon attempted to hold talks with India over the Kashmir issue, and insurgency in Eastern India, but was unable to make any breakthrough.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pandey|first=Sudhakar|title=Govind Ballabh Pant|year=2015|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=9788123026466|page=189|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKo-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT189}}</ref>

==Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957–58)==

{{Main|Feroze Khan administration}}

After the resignations of the [[Awami League]]'s [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy|H.S. Suhrawardy]] and the [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]'s [[I. I. Chundrigar]], Noon was the last candidate from the three-party coalition government, and started his support for the premiership on a [[Conservatism in Pakistan|conservative]]-[[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican Party]] agenda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering Malik Feroz Khan Noon: Pakistan owes him Gwadar|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/remembering-malik-feroz-khan-noon-mirza-hashaam-ahmed-baig|access-date=6 October 2020|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}</ref>

Noon successfully forged an alliance with the Awami League, the [[National Awami Party]], the [[Krishak Sramik Party]], and the parliamentary groups in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] that allowed him to form the government as its Prime Minister. {{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Malik Feroz Khan Noon.jpg|thumb|407x407px|Malik Feroz Khan in [[London]].]]

==Negotiation for Gwadar==

On 16 December 1957, Noon took an oath from [[Chief Justice of Pakistan|Chief Justice]] [[Muhammad Munir|M. Munir]] and formed a coalition government.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} During this time, Noon entered into complicated but successful negotiations with the [[Sultanate of Muscat and Oman]] for the [[cession]] of [[Gwadar]], which was taken into the Federation of Pakistan on 8 September 1958, for the price of {{USD|3 million}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choudhry|first1=Dr. Shabir|title=CPEC – A potential threat to turn Gilgit-Baltistan a battleground – II – Northlines|url=http://www.thenorthlines.com/cpec-potential-threat-turn-gilgit-baltistan-battleground-ii/|website=Northlines|publisher=Northlines|access-date=23 January 2018|location=London, UK|date=16 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sir)|first1=Firoz Khan Noon (Malik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqsEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA72|title=From Memory|last2=Nūn|first2=Fīroz K̲h̲ān̲|date=1966|publisher=Ferozsons|pages=282|language=en}}</ref>

Noon's ability to get Gwadar into the Federation, and settlement of political issues in the country generally, threatened President Mirza who saw him as an obstacle to Mirza obtaining absolute power.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} Noon tried to obtain a compromise with India regarding the [[Kashmir problem]].<ref name="DAWN.COM">{{cite news|last1=Salahuddin|first1=Syed|title=Consensus on Kashmir|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/844782|access-date=23 January 2018|work=DAWN.COM|agency=DAWN.COM|date=15 May 2022}}</ref>

In his memoirs, "From Memory", Noon writes, "With Gwadar in foreign hands, I had felt we were living in a house in which the back room with another door, was occupied by a stranger who could, at any time, sell us out to a power inimical to Pakistan…".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjZ7DwAAQBAJ&q=gwadar%2Bbritish+parliament&pg=PT235|title = Partition of India: Postcolonial Legacies|isbn = 9780429750526|last1 = Ranjan|first1 = Amit|date = 20 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="Oman, Culture and Diplomacy">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbNvAAAAQBAJ&q=gwadar%2Bbritish+parliament&pg=PA89|title=Oman, Culture and Diplomacy|isbn=9780748674633|last1=Jones|first1=Jeremy|date=10 March 2022}}</ref> The wife of Feroz Khan Noon, [[Viqar-un-Nisa Noon]], also played a large role in the [[Instrument of Accession|accession]] of Gwadar to Pakistan. She visited London in 1956 to see the British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]], and to lobby the [[British Parliament]] for their protectorate of Muscat and Oman to give custody of 'Gwadar Port' to Pakistan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gwadar, Victoria and Aga Khan|url=http://www.ourbeacon.com/cgi-bin/bbs60x/webbbs_config.pl/md/read/id/314123119252656|access-date=6 October 2020|website=www.ourbeacon.com}}</ref> and get approval from the [[House of Lords]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=r/pakistan – Viqar Ul Nisa, the woman who helped Pakistan obtain Gwadar (Info in comments)|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/pakistan/comments/aqram1/viqar_ul_nisa_the_woman_who_helped_pakistan/|access-date=6 October 2020|website=reddit|date=15 February 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2018|title=Who do we thank for Gwadar?|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/243413/who-do-we-thank-for-gwadar/|access-date=6 October 2020|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why did Oman sell Gwadar to Pakistan? – Quora|url=https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Oman-sell-Gwadar-to-Pakistan|access-date=6 October 2020|website=www.quora.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dhillon|first=Ali Ahmad|date=17 January 2019|title=Gwadar Ki Shaan, Begum Waqar Un Nisa Noon!|url=https://dailyurducolumns.com/column/ali-ahmad-dhillon/gwadar-ki-shaan-begum-waqar-un-nisa-noon.aspx|access-date=6 October 2020|website=Daily Urdu Columns|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 May 2018|title=Who do we thank for Gwadar?|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2018/05/25/who-do-we-thank-for-gwadar/|access-date=6 October 2020|website=Ismailimail|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Oman, Culture and Diplomacy"/>

Noon had not endorsed the presidential re-election of Mirza as the three-party coalition had been negotiating their own president to replace Mirza in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mazari|first1=Sherbaz Khan|title=A Journey to Disillusionment|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195790764|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuVtAAAAMAAJ&q=+re+elected|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> At midnight on 7/8 October 1958, Mirza imposed [[martial law]] in a [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état|coup d'état]] against his own party's government, effectively dismissing his own appointed Prime Minister to usurp all political power into his own hands.<ref name="Bangla Encyclopedia" />

==Later and personal life, and death==

After the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]], Noon retired from national politics and became a political writer. He authored five books on the history of India and issues pertaining to law and politics in Pakistan.

*''Wisdom From Fools'' (1940), short stories for children.<ref>''Indian Information'', Volume 15 (1944), Page 312</ref>
*''Scented Dust'' (1941), a novel.<ref>''Current Biography Yearbook'', 1958, Page 411</ref>
*''India'' (1941)
*''Kashmir'' (1957)
* ''From Memory'' (1966)

Noon was married to [[Viqar-un-Nisa Noon]], an [[Austrians|Austrian]], who was a prominent politician and a social worker by profession. He died on 9 December 1970 in his ancestral village of [[Nurpur Noon]], [[Sargodha District]], where he is buried.<ref name="Bangla Encyclopedia" />

==See also==

*[[Politics of Pakistan]]
*[[Anglo-Indian]]s
*[[India in World War II]]
*[[Gwadar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,863886,00.html |title=Pakistan: Border Trade |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=22 September 1958}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090402114442/http://therepublicofrumi.com/47.htm Chronicles Of Pakistan]
*{{cite web|title=Malik Feroz Khan Noon message to Nation on Transfer of Gawadar to Pakistan (07-09-1958).wmv|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xcue-xsFuFs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Xcue-xsFuFs| archive-date=12 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=www.youtube.com|publisher=Radio Pakistan|access-date=23 January 2018|location=Islamabad, Pakistan-pk|format=.wmv|date=12 July 2022}}{{cbignore}}

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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom|High Commissioner for India]]|years=1936–1941}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Azizul Haque (educator)|Azizul Haque]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Governor of [[East Bengal]]|years=1950–1953}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mumtaz Daultana]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan|Chief Minister of Punjab]]|years=1953–1955}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Hamidul Huq Choudhury]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]|years=1956–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manzur Qadir]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]|years=1957–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nurul Amin]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mumtaz Daultana]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]|years=1957–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Muhammad Ayub Khuhro]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime ministers of Pakistan}}
{{Foreign Minister of Pakistan}}
{{Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Governors of East Bengal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Noon, Feroz Khan}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Noon family|Feroz]]
[[Category:People from Sargodha]]
[[Category:People from Khushab District]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Foreign Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Defence Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Governors of East Pakistan]]
[[Category:High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of India to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954]]
[[Category:Pakistani barristers]]
[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1955–1958]]
[[Category:Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1947–1949]]
[[Category:Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1951–1955]]
[[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslims]]
[[Category:Pakistani republicans]]
[[Category:Pakistani memoirists]]
[[Category:Pakistani autobiographers]]
[[Category:Pakistani political writers]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:Aitchison College alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:20th-century memoirists]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani male writers]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]

Feroz Khan Noon - Revision history

Bot at 02:31, 22 December 2022