2402:8100:219E:F615:D0CC:CA73:1376:7F4E at 04:38, 3 July 2021

2021-07-03T04:38:36Z

New page

{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Firozabad district}}
{{other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Firozabad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = City and District
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo2a = Firozabad UP 2.jpg
| photo2b = Eidgah.JPG
| photo3a = Firozabad UP 1.jpg

}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mahavir Digambar Jain temple of Firozabad, Eidghah
| nickname = The city of Glass and Suhag Nagari
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.15|N|78.42|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = Nagar Nigam
| leader_title1 = Member of Parliament (MP)
| leader_name1 = Dr. [[Chandrasen Jadon]] (BJP)
| leader_title2 = Mayor
| leader_name2 = Nutan Rathore (BJP)
| leader_title3 = Member of Legislative Council (MLC)
| leader_name3 = Dr. Dilip Yadav (SP)
| leader_name4 = Chandra Vijay Singh [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title4 = [[District Magistrate]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 603,797
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<br>[[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05612
| registration_plate = UP-83
| website = {{URL|firozabad.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Firozabad''' is a city near Agra in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is the centre of India's [[glassmaking]] industry and is known for the quality of the bangles and also glasswares produced there.

During the reign of [[Akbar]], revenue was brought through the city, which was looted by the afghans. Akbar sent his army led by Firoz Shah Mansab Dar to make the city a cantonment to collect taxes and the city was named after him. The tomb of Firoz Shah is still present today. From early times, it had glass and [[bangle]] works, and small scale industry. The landowners of Firozabad hail from the Siddiqui, Sayed, Manihar, Pathan and the Hindu Rajput castes.
Firozabad is located in north central India, in Uttar Pradesh, 37 km from [[Agra]] and around 230 km away from [[Delhi]], at the northern edge of the [[Deccan Plateau]], at {{Coord|27|09|N|78|24|E|}}. It is located 164 meters (540 ft). \ above sea level.

The boundaries of Firozabad district touch [[Etah]] district in north and [[Mainpuri]] and [[Etawah]] districts in the east. The [[Yamuna]] river makes its southern boundary. The area of the district is about 0.8% of the total area of Uttar Pradesh, and the population is 1.1% of the state's total population. Approximately 73.6% of the population lives in rural areas. More than half of the workforce is engaged in manufacturing activities. The city is also an important market centre. It has moderate to severe winter and summer seasons. [[Child labour]] specially female child labour is practised widely in this city.<ref>Mike Davis: Planet der Slums, Assoziation A, Berlin, 2007, page 196</ref>

==History==
The city lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]] and was a part of the [[Surasena]] [[Mahajanapada]] during the [[Vedic Age]]. It was subsequently ruled by the bigger kingdoms including the Mauryas, Guptas, Scythians, Kushans, Indo-greeks, Harsha before falling into the hands of [[Rajput]] and [[Jat]] rulers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=2008-11-01 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref>

Before the foundation of modern Firozabad, the main city in the area was at [[Chandwar]], on the left bank of the [[Yamuna]] a short distance southwest of Firozabad. Chandwar was a stronghold of the [[Chauhan]] Rajputs from an early date, which was founded by a ruler named Chandrasen according to tradition. Chandwar was conquered several times by the [[Delhi Sultanate]], but its Chauhan rulers seem to have repeatedly asserted their independence over a period of several centuries. One tradition holds that the final defeat of the king [[Jayachandra]] by [[Muhammad of Ghor]] took place here, at the [[Battle of Chandwar]]. According to family traditions of the [[Bhadauria]]s, another conquest of Chandwar happened in 1246, which may be corroborated by the records kept by the Sultanate, which mention the capture of an unnamed Hindu stronghold in that same year. Then, after the Delhi Sultan [[Khizr Khan]] came to power in 1414, his general [[Taj ul-Mulk]] received submission from "the infidels of Chandwar" and then, in 1420, he sacked and looted Chandwar as punishment of some sort. In 1452, Chandwar was the site of [[Battle of Chandwar (1452)|a major battle]] between the Delhi and [[Jaunpur Sultanate]]s, which led to a three-year truce between the two empires.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Agra: A Gazetteer |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=137-85, 238-9, 274-80 |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/37267 |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

The modern city of Firozabad was founded c. 1566, when Raja [[Todar Mal]] was returning from a pilgrimage to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] and stopped at the village of [[Asafabad, Firozabad|Asafabad]] (just southeast of modern Firozabad). The villagers insulted him, and when the emperor [[Akbar]] heard of this, he sent the eunuch [[Firoz Khwaja]] to demolish the town and build a new one. The city was built on lands belonging to several neighboring villages, including [[Akbarabad, Firozabad|Akbarabad]], [[Sukhmalpur]], [[Muhammadpur-Gajmalpur]], [[Rasulpur, Firozabad|Rasulpur]], and [[Pempur-Raipur]], and it was named ''Firozabad'' in honor of its founder. Firoz Khwaja's tomb, built of white marble, is by the road to Agra.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Mr. Peter, a businessman working for the [[Dutch East India Company]] visited Firozabad on 9 August 1632, and found the town in good condition. It is written in the gazetteer of Agra and [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] that in 1596 Faraz was upgraded to a ''[[pargana]]''. Faraz was bestowed to Nawab Sadulla Khan as ''[[jagir]]'', in the regime of Shahjahan. Jahangir ruled here from 1605 to 1627. Etawah, Budaun, Mainpuri, Faraz were under first class [[mansabdar]] of emperor Farrukhsiar. [[Baji Rao I]] looted Firozabad and [[Etmadpur]] in 1737 in the regime of [[Mohammad Shah]]. [[Jats]] of [[Mahawan]] attacked [[Faujdar Hakim Kajim ali bahadur jang]] at Firozabad and killed him on 9 May 1739. Jats ruled Firozabad for 30 years. Gajuddin, [[Hidayat Vaksh]] son of [[Alamgir II|Alamgir]] second his nephew and [[Mirza baba]] the son in law, came to Firozabad. [[Mirza Nabab Khan]] stayed here till 1782. In the end of the 18th century, Firozabad was ruled by [[Himmat Bahadur]] with co-operation of [[Maratha]]s. The French Army chief of Marathas, D. Wayan, established an ordnance factory in November 1794. Mr. Thomas Traving also mentioned this fact in his book ''Travels in India''. Marathas appointed his [[subedar]] [[Lakwadads]] here who made a fort near old [[tehsil]], known at present as [[Garhaiya (fort)|garie]].

General Lek and General Vellajally attacked Firozabad in 1802. In the beginning of British regime Firozabad was in [[Etawah district]] but after some time it was attached to [[Aligarh district]]. When [[Sadabad (India)|Sadabad]] was created as a new district in 1832, Firozabad was attached to it. Later on, in 1833 Firozabad was attached to [[Agra district]]. In 1847, the business of [[lac]] was flourishing at Firozabad.

In 1857, Zamindar of Firozabad with local public took active parts in freedom struggle. Urdu poet [[Munir Shikohabad]]i was sentenced to [[Kala pani (taboo)|Kala pani]] by the British East India Company. People of this city took part in "Khilafat Movement", "Quit India Movement", and "Namak Satyagrah" and went to the jail during these national movements. In 1929, Father of Nation [[Mahatma Gandhi]], in 1935 [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]], in 1937 [[Pandit]] [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]] and in 1940 [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] visited Pandit Banarasi Das Chaturvedi, a two time member of Parliament - said to be the father of Hindi Journalism and the recipient of Padma Bushan. Firozabad district was finally established on 5 February 1989. In 2015 it became a Nagar Nigam.

==Geography==
Firozabad is located at {{Coord|27.15|N|78.42|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Firozabad.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Firozabad]</ref> It has an average elevation of 164 metres (538 ft).

==Climate==
The lowest recorded temperature in Firozabad was −1 °C; the highest was 48 °C.

{{Weather box
|location = Firozabad
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes

|Jan high C = 22
|Feb high C = 25
|Mar high C = 32
|Apr high C = 38
|May high C = 41
|Jun high C = 41
|Jul high C = 35
|Aug high C = 33
|Sep high C = 34
|Oct high C = 34
|Nov high C = 29
|Dec high C = 24

|Jan low C = 8
|Feb low C = 10
|Mar low C = 16
|Apr low C = 22
|May low C = 26
|Jun low C = 28
|Jul low C = 27
|Aug low C = 26
|Sep low C = 24
|Oct low C = 19
|Nov low C = 13
|Dec low C = 9

|Jan precipitation mm = 10.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 12.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 10.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 10.2
|May precipitation mm = 15.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 66.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 195.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 226.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 114.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 27.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 2.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 5.1

|source = [http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/INXX0336 Firozabad Weather]
|date = June 2012
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
| title = Religions in Firozabad City<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |title=Firozabad City Census 2011 data |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/116-firozabad.html |publisher=census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|Orange|62.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|32.80}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|Red|1.76}}
{{bar percent|Not stated|black|1.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|Blue|0.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|black|0.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Yellow|0.14}}
}}

{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Firozabad City had a population of 603,797. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Firozabad has an average literacy rate of 75.01% higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 85.32%, and female literacy is 63%. In Firozabad, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The city lies in the cultural region of [[Braj]] and the local language is [[Brajbhasha]].<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Transport==
[[Firozabad railway station]] served by the Delhi-Howrah trunk route of the [[Indian Railways]]. Several trains serve the city connecting it to long and short distanced destinations including [[New Delhi]], [[Howrah]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kanpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jammu Tawi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jamshedpur]], [[Patna]], [[Aligarh]], [[Agra]], [[Hathras]], [[Puri]], [[Ajmer]], [[Ambala]], [[Bareilly]], [[Mathura]], [[Etawah]], [[Gorakhpur]] and [[Tundla]].

[[Tundla Junction|Tundla Junction railway station]] in the [[Tundla]] town (20 km west of Firozabad city on [[National Highway 2 (India)|National Highway 2]]) of the Firozabad District is a major railway station of [[North Central Railways]]. Due to its proximity to Agra several trains on the Delhi Howrah route which don't stop at Firozabad station make a stop at [[Tundla]] Junction hence serving Firozabad as well as [[Agra]] cities.
* 20801/02 [[Magadh Express]]
* 14217/18 [[Unchahar Express]]
* 15483/84 [[Mahananda Express]]
* 12311/12 [[Kalka Mail]]
*18101/02 [[Muri Express]]
*12419/20[[Gomti Express]]
*14163/64[[Sangam Express]]
*13483/84[[Farakka Express]]
*15707/08[[Amrapali Express]]
*14723/24[[Kalindi Express]]
*12875/76[[Neelachal Express]]
*12395/96[[Ziyarat Express]]
*12179/08[[Lucknow intercity Express]]
*19037/38[[Bandra Terminus Gorakhpur Avadh Express]]

The city is 45 km east from Agra on [[National Highway 19 (India)|National Highway 19]] which makes it an important stopover for the transport vehicles on this highway. Firozabad hence is connected to several bus services to the Western and Eastern parts of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state. Due to proximity to [[Agra]] and hence the borders of Uttar Pradesh with [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] states several inter-state bus services also serve the city. Intra-city transport typically consists of [[Rickshaws]] and [[Auto rickshaw|3-wheelers]]

The city is well connected with [[Yamuna Expressway]] and [[Taj Expressway]] to national capital [[New Delhi]] and state capital [[Lucknow]] respectively.

==Water problem==
Since few years, Firozabad has been suffering with a severe water pollution problem. The water has been polluted by the indiscriminate discharge of wastes by the industries, causing a literal water "crisis". The water has been tendered practically unusable. Citizens have no option but to install water purifiers at home and use packaged drinking water for consumption.<ref>http://www.icontrolpollution.com/articles/physicochemical-characteristics-of-glass-industries-waste-water-in-firozabad-district-up-india.pdf</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/agra-family-of-six-attempts-suicide-after-facing-acute-water-scarcity/articleshow/69917025.cms</ref><ref>https://www.krishisanskriti.org/vol_image/11Sep201505090522.pdf</ref>

== Tourist attractions==

=== Lord Bahubali Jain Temple ===
In Suhag Nagari, holy center of "Jain Nagar" was established by Lt. Seth Chhadamilal. The temple has a 45-foot granite idol of [[Bahubali]], the largest in North India, weighing more that 3500 tonnes. There are many Jain temples near this temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/post/lord-bahubali-temple|title=Lord Bahubali Temple|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Tourism]]|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://firozabadcity.com/ Firozabad City E-Portal]
* [http://firozabad.nic.in/ Firozabad District Homepage]

{{Firozabad district}}
{{Glass makers and brands}}

[[Category:Firozabad| ]]
[[Category:Industrial cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Firozabad - Revision history

2402:8100:219E:F615:D0CC:CA73:1376:7F4E at 04:38, 3 July 2021