Bot at 22:10, 14 November 2022

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{{For|Canadian artist|Fred S. Haines}}
{{short description|British general and commander of British forces in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox military person
| name =Sir Frederick Haines
| image =Frederick Haines.jpg
| caption =Sir Frederick Haines
| birth_date =10 August 1819
| death_date =11 June 1909 (aged 89)
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =[[Brompton Cemetery]], London
| birth_place =Parsonage Farm, [[Kirdford]], [[Sussex]]
| death_place =[[Pall Mall, London]]
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| allegiance ={{UK}}
| branch =[[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
| serviceyears =1839–1881
| rank =[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| unit =
| commands =[[8th Regiment of Foot]] [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] [[Madras Army]] [[Indian Army]]
| battles =[[First Anglo-Sikh War]] [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] [[Crimean War]] [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
| awards =[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India]] [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Frederick Paul Haines''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCSI|CIE}} (10 August 1819 – 11 June 1909) was a [[British Army]] officer. He fought in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] and then in the [[Crimean War]]: during the latter conflict at the [[Battle of Inkerman]], he held an important barrier on the post road guarding the approach to the [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Division]] camp for six hours. He served in India during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] before becoming [[Commanding Officer]] of the [[8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot|8th Regiment of Foot]] in the United Kingdom and then Commander of a Brigade in [[Ireland]]. He went on to be [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] and then [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom. He returned to India to become Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] in May 1871 and then [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876: he commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.

==Military career==
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]]

Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref>

Haines served in the [[Crimean War]] taking part in the [[Battle of Alma]] in September 1854, the [[Battle of Balaclava]] in October 1854 and the [[Battle of Inkerman]] in November 1854, where as the senior officer, he held an important barrier on the post road guarding the approach to the [[2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Division]] camp for six hours.<ref name=heath164>Heathcote, p. 164</ref>

Returning to England, Haines became assistant adjutant-general at [[Aldershot Command]] in February 1855 and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 24 April 1855<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21699|page=1575|date=24 April 1855}}</ref> and to brevet [[colonel]] on 18 December 1855,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21829|page=4751|date=18 December 1855}}</ref> he became military secretary to the Commander-in-Chief, [[Madras Army]] in [[India]] in June 1856 retaining that role through the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] in 1857.<ref name=heath164/> He became [[Commanding Officer]] of the [[8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot|8th Regiment of Foot]] in the United Kingdom in October 1859<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22320|page=3886|date=28 October 1859}}</ref> and Deputy Adjutant-General in [[Ireland]] in June 1862<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22633|page=2993|date=10 June 1862}}</ref> before being given command of a brigade in Ireland with the temporary rank of [[brigadier-general]] in March 1864.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22833|page=1547|date=15 March 1864}}</ref>

Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref>
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]]
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref>

Returning to retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> He died at his home at [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]] in London on 11 June 1909 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref>

==Family==
In 1856 Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller and together they went on to have three sons.<ref name=heath165/>

==Honours==
Haines' honours included:
*[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB) - 2 June 1877<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24467|page=3497|date=2 June 1877}}</ref> (KCB - 20 May 1871<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23739|page=2473|date=20 May 1871}}</ref>)
*[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI) - 29 July 1879<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24747|page=4697|date=29 July 1879}}</ref>
*[[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) - 31 December 1877<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33637|title=Frederick Haines|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33637|access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref>
*[[Order of the Medjidie]], 5th Class (Ottoman Empire) - 2 March 1858<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22107|page=1254|date=2 March 1858}}</ref>
[[File:FrederickHainesBrompton01.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last=Heathcote|first=Tony|title=The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher= Leo Cooper|location=Barnsley|year= 1999|isbn= 0-85052-696-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Rait|first=Robert Sangster|author-link=Robert Rait|title=The Life of Field-Marshal Sir Frederick Paul Haines|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.20754|publisher=Constable & Co.|location=London |year=1911|oclc=3905931}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.org/download/completememoirof00hain/completememoirof00hain.pdf Frederick's Ancestry in "A Complete Memoir of Richard Haines"]
* {{Commons category-inline|Frederick Paul Haines}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James Hope Grant|Sir James Grant]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]]|years=1870–1871}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles Ellice|Sir Charles Ellice]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[William Anson McCleverty|William McCleverty]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Madras Army|C-in-C, Madras Army]]|years=1871–1876}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Neville Bowles Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]]}}
|-
{{succession box | before=[[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|The Lord Napier of Magdala]] | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | years=1876–1881 | after=[[Donald Martin Stewart|Sir Donald Stewart]]}}
|-
{{succession box | before=George Dixon | title=Colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)]] | years=1874–1881 | after=Redesignated 2nd Battalion [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]]}}
|-
{{succession box | before=Regiment created | title=Colonel of the 2nd Battalion, [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] | years=1881–1890 | after=[[William Richard Preston]] (entire regiment)}}
{{succession box | before=[[Frederick William Hamilton|Sir Frederick Hamilton]] | title=Colonel of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] | years=1890–1909 | after=[[John Thomas Dalyell]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haines, Frederick}}
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Sussex]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
[[Category:Burials at Brompton Cemetery]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:King's Own Royal Regiment officers]]
[[Category:King's Regiment (Liverpool)]]
[[Category:People educated at Midhurst Grammar School]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

Frederick Haines - Revision history

Bot at 22:10, 14 November 2022