>Randy Kryn at 16:58, 2 May 2021

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{{short description|Goan-Portuguese medical scientist, microbiologist, writer and member of parliament in the Portuguese National Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Froilano de Mello
| image = Froilano de Mello.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|5|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Benaulim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]] Empire, [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|1|9|1887|5|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[Brazil]]ian
| field = [[Microbiology]]
| work_institution = [[Goa Medical College]], [[University of Paris]], [[University of Porto]]
| alma_mater = [[Goa Medical College]], [[University of Porto]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Indalencio Pascoal Froilano de Mello''' (17 May 1887 – 9 January 1955) was a [[Goan]] [[microbiologist]], medical scientist, professor, author and an independent [[Member of Parliament|MP]] in the [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Portuguese parliament]].

Throughout the course of his scientific career, Mello was responsible for the discovery of thousands of [[protozoa]], [[parasitism|parasites]] and [[microbe]]s which today bear the [[Latin]] names given by him, followed by his own surname.<ref name="da Silva Gracias">{{harvnb|da Silva Gracias|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DxZE03zaHKwC&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false; 189]}}</ref> He served as mayor of [[Panjim]] from 1938–1945. During his tenure as an MP from 1945–1949, he represented the [[constituency]] of [[Portuguese India]], namely its overseas provinces of [[Goa]], Daman and Diu in the National Assembly at [[Lisbon]].<ref name="Vaz2">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA305#v=onepage&q&f=false; 305]}}</ref>

==Early life==
Froilano de Mello was born in [[Benaulim]], [[Salcette]] to [[Goan Catholics|Goan Catholic]] parents. He was the eldest son of the lawyer Constâncio Francisco de Mello, and Delfina Rodrigues, the daughter of Dr. Raimundo Venâncio Rodrigues. Rodrigues was the mayor of [[Coimbra]], member of the ''Cortes Gerais'' in [[Portugal]] and one of the first directors of [[Goa Medical College]] (then known as the ''Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Goa'').<ref name="Joyson">{{harvnb|Colaco|de Mello|loc=|Ref=jose}}</ref>
Constâncio died when he was twelve, adversely affected the Mello family's fortunes, and brought about difficult times for the entire family. The income generated from the family properties managed by the caretaker was insufficient to meet the family's needs and consequently, the young Froilano had to work while he studied.<ref name="Joyson"/> He graduated in [[Panaji|Panjim]] as a medical doctor, and later repeated the course at [[Porto]], Portugal. In 1910, he returned to [[Goa]] with an additional diploma in [[Tropical medicine]] of the [[University of Lisbon]].<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/>

==Academic and scientific career==
[[File:Entomology_meeting_1919.jpg|thumb|left|Captain de Mello in uniform (seated extreme left) attending the third entomological meeting at Pusa in 1919]]
Mello's academic career got a start in 1910, at the age of 23, when he was appointed as a professor at the prestigious [[Goa Medical College]]. From 1913–14, he served as an assistant professor at the [[University of Sorbonne]] in Paris, and was a visiting Professor at the [[University of Porto]] in 1921.<ref name="Joyson"/> Mello was promoted to the post of director of the [[Goa Medical College]]'s [[Bacteriology|Bacteriological]] institute, a small shed in [[Campal]] which would serve as the center of his scientific research from 1914–1945.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/><ref name="Joyson"/> His achievements in [[microbiology]] and [[parasitology]] made the institute world-famous largely because he ensured that all his works were simultaneously published in English, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and French.<ref name="Vaz1"/> Mello would later go on to become the college's dean.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/>

During the same period, he also served as Chief of Public Health for Portuguese India.<ref name="Joyson"/> He undertook a postgraduate course in [[parasitology]] in ''Kaiser Willhelm Institute fuer Biologie'', [[Berlin]], and at the [[Max Planck Institute]], [[Potsdam]], Germany from 1922–23.<ref name="Joyson"/> In 1922, at the age of 35, Mello became a [[Colonel]] in the [[Portuguese Army]] Medical Corps, achieving the highest rank in the medical military hierarchy of that time, exclusively through merits in the medical campaigns on Public Health which he carried out in Goa, [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], [[Diu, India|Diu]], and in [[Angola (Portugal)|Angola]].<ref name="Vaz1">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA303&lpg=PA303#v=onepage&q&f=false; 303]}}</ref> Mello was the head of a Portuguese delegation to the World Leprosy Conference in [[Cuba]] and is known to have attended at least 40 World Conferences,<ref name="Vaz1"/> including the All India Sanitary Conference in [[Lucknow]] (1914) and the Third Entomological Meeting in Lucknow (1914) where, at the invitation of the [[Governor-General of India]], he lectured on [[medical mycology]].<ref name="Joyson"/> His researches in tropical medicine brought him international fame and recognition as a world-renowned expert on the subject.<ref name="Vaz1"/> Mello published more than 200 research papers on [[bacteriology]] in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], French and English journals.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/> He founded the following medical journals in Goa, ''Boletim Geral de Medicina'', ''Arquivos Indo-Portugueses de Medicina e Historia Natural'', and ''Arquivos da Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Nova Goa''.<ref name="Joyson"/> His work in French entitled, ''A la veille du Centenaire'' (On the eve of the Centenary) elaborated in great detail the contributions of Goa Medical College during the first hundred years of its establishment.<ref name="Vaz1"/> Separate from his medical career, Mello also authored a book in 1946 on the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] entitled ''O Cantico da Vida na Poesia Tagoreana'' (The song of life in the poetry of Tagore).<ref name="Joyson"/>

Mello was a member of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] of [[Bengal]]; the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]; ''Societie de Pathologie Exotique'' and ''Societie de Biologie de Paris'' in Paris; ''Sociedade de Ciencias Medicas'', ''Sociedade de Etnologia & Antropologia'' and ''Sociedade de Geografia'' in Lisbon.<ref name="Joyson"/> He was the recipient of medals of honour from [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] in 1938, [[Pope Pius XII]] on the occasion of the canonisation of [[John de Brito|St. John de Brito]] in 1947, President [[Ramón Grau]] of Cuba in 1949, and from President [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]] of [[Brazil]] in 1950. He also held the following Portuguese honours: ''Grande Official da Ordem de Aviz, Comendador da Ordem de São Tiago'' and ''Comendador da Ordem de Benemerencia''.<ref name="Vaz7">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA304#v=onepage&q&f=false; 304]}}</ref>

==Medical campaigns==
Mello worked passionately to eradicate [[tuberculosis]] in Goa and [[malaria]] from [[Velha Goa]].<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/> His efforts towards this end, led to the establishment of two important institutions, namely the first [[leprosarium]] in Asia at Macasẚna in Salcette in 1934, today known as ''Leprosaria Froilano de Mello'' and ''Dispensario Virgem Peregrina'' at [[St Inez Creek|St. Inez]], Panjim.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/><ref name="Joyson"/> He also established the TB [[Sanatorium|sanitarium]] in [[Margao]] in 1928 and opened a ward for those suffering from [[leprosy]] in Daman.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/><ref name="Joyson"/> In 1926, Mello with the help of one of his pupils, Dr. Luís Bras de Sa, carefully mapped the site of Old Goa and recognised more than 4,800 wells in the area, which were breeding grounds of [[Anopheles|anopheles mosquitoes]]. This led to the closure of these wells, and in turn, led to the reduction of the mosquito breeding sites. This factor played a significant role in curbing the Malaria epidemic in Goa in the 1920s.<ref name="Joyson"/>

Mello also undertook new measures to improve urban [[sanitation]], which included the introduction of Sanitary Police in Panjim.<ref name="da Silva Gracias"/> Faced with the task of dealing with the city's [[rabies]] epidemic during his term as mayor, he ordered the elimination of all [[Pariah dog|stray dogs]], offering a reward per stray dog. This resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of cases of rabies. A similar reward was offered for the capture or destruction of [[venomous snake]]s, which led to the reduction of snakebites.<ref name="Joyson"/>

==Mayor of Panjim (1938–1945)==
In 1926, Mello was elected as a member of parliament to represent Portuguese India in Lisbon. However, after the [[28 May 1926 coup d'état]], the elections were nullified and not held again for the next nineteen years.<ref name="Joyson"/> Mello served as the mayor of Panjim from 1938–45. During his tenure as mayor, he cleansed its stables of mismanagement and fiscal deficits, and his mayorship is widely noted for the city's urbanisation.<ref name="Joyson"/>

In 1940, Mello devised a plan for the beautification of the city, particularly the church square, the present 18 June road and the Campal Zone. The latter still bears the imprint of the program carried out by him.<ref>{{harvnb|Alvares|2002|p=282}}</ref> He organised the balustrade on the [[Mandovi River]], from the centre of town up to Campal, lining the riverside avenue. He also planted trees in many of the streets of Panjim, with seeds of tropical trees from [[Cuba]]. These [[jacaranda]] and [[Acacia|acacia trees]], whose seedlings were planted in 1940, now provide shade to the streets which were originally lined only with [[coconut]] and [[Ficus|ficus trees]].<ref name="Joyson"/>

==Member of Parliament (1945–1949)==
In 1945, when the Portuguese parliament was re-opened, Mello was elected for the second time as MP to represent Portuguese India.<ref name="Vaz2"/> He was the only independent MP to serve in the Portuguese parliament for the period 1945–49; all the others being members of dictator [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]'s [[National Union (Portugal)|União Nacional]] party.<ref name="Joyson"/> However, Mello's independent status brought him into disfavour with Salazar, and his speeches in the National Assembly were censored.<ref name="Vaz2"/> Initially, Mello was staunchly pro-Portuguese and believed that Goa should remain under the [[Portuguese Empire]].<ref name="Patria"/> In November 1946, at a [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|National Assembly]] meeting at [[Lisbon]], he denounced the unrest in Goa as the handiwork of a few "[[Fifth Column]]ists and [[Nazi]]s, and intellectuals educated in central Europe and fanatics who had failed in life, who preach the absorption of Goa and foment hatred of the Portuguese nation."<ref name="Patria">"Fifth Columnist in Goa", 1 December 1946, The Colonial Times, Kenya</ref>

He worked tirelessly for the repeal of the discriminatory [[Portuguese Colonial Act|Portuguese Colonial Act of 1930]], which had previously relegated non-Portuguese citizens to second-class status in the Empire. The repeal of this discriminatory act was unanimously approved by the National Assembly in 1950.<ref name="Joyson"/> With the repeal of the act granted, Mello now began to advocate independence for the Portuguese Indian colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu, which would govern itself as a separate national entity, but within the Portuguese [[Commonwealth]].<ref name="Vaz2"/> This put him at further odds with the ruling ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'' regime, which considered their Indian colonies to be an integral part of Portugal and dismissed any ideas of independence.<ref name="Joyson"/>

==Last years==
After retiring to Goa, Mello was not put up as candidate for re-election through a political manoeuvre of the Salazar's single party regime.<ref name="Vaz2"/> In 1950, when the Fifth International Congress of Microbiology was to take place in [[Petropolis]], Brazil, Mello who had expected to be nominated as the delegate of Portugal, found out to his surprise that Salazar had instead appointed another delegation without him. When this came to be known, the Brazilian Government invited him, providing for his travel and stay.<ref name="Vaz2"/>

Finding himself under increased political persecution by Salazar's government in Goa, Mello emigrated with his wife to Brazil in 1951, where three of their children were already settled. He settled down in [[São Paulo]], where he continued his research in the field of Protozoa, in the intestines of [[termites]]. He discovered various new species there which he dedicated to his new country.<ref name="Vaz3"/> He gave lectures and conferences in [[Rio de Janeiro]] and São Paulo and was invited to organise the section of [[protozoology]] at the Instituto Ezequiel Dias in [[Belo Horizonte]].<ref name="Vaz3"/> Mello died in São Paulo of lung cancer on 9 January 1955, aged 67. His last scientific paper, ''Memorias do Instituto Ezequiel Dias'' (Memoirs of the Ezequiel Dias Institute) was published in February 1955, a month after his death.<ref name="Vaz3"/>

==Personal life==
Mello was married twice. His first wife was Marie Eugenie Caillat, an aristocratic [[Switzerland|Swiss]] from [[Geneva]], who after marriage moved with him to Panjim. Eugenie was the first person to translate the works of Rabindranath Tagore into French. She died in 1921 from complications brought on by the [[Spanish flu]] virus in Porto. The couple did not have any children.<ref name="Joyson"/>

On 15 September 1923, Mello married his second wife Hedwig Bachmann, a young Swiss school teacher from [[Diessenhofen]]. They had six children: Alfredo, Eugeήia, Victor, Francisco Paulo, Cristina and Margarida.<ref name="Vaz3">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA306#v=onepage&q&f=false; 306]}}</ref> Hedwig authored a book entitled ''Von der Seele der Indischen Frau'' (''Tipografia Rangel'', Goa, 1941) published also in translation, ''On the soul of the Indian women''. The book is a psycho-sociological study of [[Hindu]] traditions as interpreted from proverbs and the impact of [[Aryan]] and [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] civilisations.<ref name="Vaz3"/> One of his sons, Alfredo Bachmann de Mello (1924–2010) was a well-known [[travel writing|travel writer]] and memoirist who authored an auto-biography, ''From Goa to Patagonia: memoirs spanning times and spaces''.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.goanvoice.ca/2010/issue13/obituary.php
|title = Obituary – Alfredo de Mello – WWII Veteran, Ex POW – eldest son of renowned Dr. Froilano de Mello
|publisher = Goanvoice.com
|date = 18 June 2010
|access-date = 1 January 2011
|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goanvoice.ca%2F2010%2Fissue13%2Fobituary.php&date=2011-12-24
|archive-date = 24 December 2011
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> Another son, Victor Froilano Bachmann de Mello (1927–2009) was a world-renowned [[Geotechnical engineering|geotechnical engineer]].<ref name="Obit">{{cite web
|url=http://www.goanvoice.ca/2009/issue02/obituary.htm
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115103402/http://www.goanvoice.ca/2009/issue02/obituary.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=15 January 2013
|title=Obituary – World Renowned Geotechnical Engineer, Prof. Victor de Mello, passes away
|publisher=Goanvoice.com
|date=10 January 2009
|access-date=1 January 2011
}}</ref>

==Selected work ==

===Malaria===
* ''Contribution to the study of Malaria in Goa,'' All India Sanitary Conference, Lucknow, 1914.
* {{lang|pt|Profilaxia malrica nas povoacoes rurais das Novas Conquistas}}, Primeira Conferencia Sanitaria de Goa, Panjim, 1914. Also in ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia'', Nova Goa, 1914.
* {{lang|pt|Alguns problemas sobre a malaria em Goa}}, Ibid., 1914.
* {{lang|fr|Rapport sur les resultats du traitement des divers etats du paludisme par la Smalarina du Prof. Cremonese}}, "Transactions of the VII Congress of the Far East Association of Tropical Medicine", Calcutta, 1928.
* {{lang|pt|Indicacoes do emprego da plasmoquina na terapeutica e profilaxia da malaria}}, ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia'', Panjim, 1929.
* {{lang|fr|Sur l'emploi de la plasmoquine dans le traitement du paludisme}}, Presse Medicale, Paris, September 1929.
* {{lang|fr|Sur une methode pour delimiter l'tendue des splenomegalies et enregistrer d'une faon precise leurs oscillations ulterieures}}, ''Bulletin Soc. Pathologie Exotique, Paris, 1929.
* {{lang|pt|O Fomento das Novas Conquistas e suas relaoes com os problemas de assitencia e saneamento}}, {{lang|pt|Terciero Congresso Colonial Nacional}}, Lisbon 1930. Also in ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia'', Nova Goa 1930.
* {{lang|fr|La plasmoquination en masse des localits malariennes et ses resultats prophylactiques}}, ''Bulletin Soc. Pathologie Exotique Paris'', June 1931.
* ''A scheme for malarial sanitation in rural areas'', The Antiseptic, Madras, September 1933.
* ''Premiere Campagne Antimalarienne active E0 Goa'', ''Arquivo da Escola Medico Cirugica,'' Nova Goa, Seria B, 1934.
* {{lang|pt|Nota final sobre a presente campana anti-palustre}}. – Ibid, 1934.
* ''On the mass chemoprophylaxis of malarial areas and its practical results,'' ''Medicina'', Lisbon, 1935.
* {{lang|pt|Sobre a Chimiprofilaxia das localidades malricas e seus resultados praticos aps dois anos de experiencia pessoal}}, ''Jornadas Medicas Galaico-Portuguesas, Orense,'' 1935. Also in Portugal Medico, Poro, May 1936.
* ''Experimental studies on the treatment of malarial splenomgalies by the method of Ascoli,'' South Africa Medical Journal, November 1938. Also in the ''Compt Rendues du Congres de 1st South Africa Medical Association,'' Lourenco Marques, 1939.
* {{lang|pt|Experiences cliniques sur le traitement des splenomgalies palustres par la methode d'Ascoli,}} ''A Medecina Contemporanea,'' Lisbon, November 1938.
* {{lang|fr|La campagne antimalarienne dans les regions rurales de e Portugaise,}} ''Rivista Malariologia,'' Rome, 1938.
* {{lang|pt|O problema da endemia malarica na India Portuguesa,}} ''Clinica, Higiene e Hidrologia,'' Lisbon, 1936.
* ''Treatment of malaria with special reference to the chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Portuguese India,'' South African Medical Journal, December 1938. Also in ''O Medico,'' Nova Goa, 1939.
* {{lang|fr|Resultats de 5 ans d'experience personelle sur la prophylaxie quinosynthtique des regions a haute endmicit palustre,}} ''Acta Conventius Tertii de Tropicis ut que Malaria Morbis'' (Congress of Amsterdam, 1938).
* {{lang|pt|A orientação da campanha antimalárica nas Novas Conquista, seus resultados practicos e a liao que delas deriva para a nossa conducta futura,}} ''A Medecina Contemporanea,'' Lisbon, August 1937, Also in ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia,'' Nova Goa, 1938.

===Tuberculosis===
*''Estado Actual da Ciencia sobre a tuberculose pulmonar'', ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia,'' Nova Goa, 1912.
*''Une nouvelle conception sur le mode d'action des tuberculines,'' Ibid, 1913.
*''Um caso de antracose pulmonar simulando a tuberculose,'' Ibid, 1917.
* ''Un programe a suivre dans la declaration obligatoire de la tuberculose a l'Inde Portugaise'', ''Revue d'hygiene et police Sanitaire,'' Paris, 1914.
* ''Conferencia Provincial sobre a Tuberculose,'' ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia,'' Nova Goa, 1934.

===Leprosy===
* {{lang|pt|Traitement de la lepre,}} Presse Medicale, Paris, 1921.
* {{lang|pt|Estado actual de Quimiterapia antileprosa,}} ''A Medecina Ibera,'' Madrid, 1925.
* {{lang|pt|Breves consideraoes sobre o estado actul da Quimioterapia anti-leprosa (com impressoes clinicas pessoais sobre algumas das medicaoes preconizadas)--}} communicated to the ''Congreso Luso Espanhol'' meeting in Coimbra, ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia,'' Nova Goa, 1925.
* {{lang|pt|Etat actuel de chimiotherapie antilepreuse,}} ''Presse Medicale,'' Paris, 1925.
* {{lang|pt|Primeira Conferencia da Lepra na India Portuguesa,}} ''Arquivos Indo Portugueses de Medicina e Historia Natural,'' Vol IV, 1927.
* {{lang|de|Wie soll die Lepra bekampft werden,}} ''Die Medizin Welt, Berlin,'' October 1928.
* ''Une croisade internationale, combattant la Lepre, simultanement dans tous les pays, pourrait eteindre ce fleau en quelques decades,'' ''Cogres de Medicine Tropicale du Caire,'' 1928.
* {{lang|fr|Le probleme de la lepre dans l'Inde Portugaise,}} ''Revue D'hygeine et de Medicine Preventive NBA V,'' Paris, 1931
* ''Treatment of Leprosy by intravenous injections of pure Chaulmogra oil,'' Medical Digest, Bombay, August 1935.
* {{lang|pt|A campanha anti leprosa na India Portuguesa,}} ''Arquivo da Escola Medico Cirugica,'' Nova Goa, Serie B, 1915.
* {{lang|fr|Traitement de la lepre d'apres 3 ans d'experience personelle,}} ''XI Congres International de Dermatologie de Budapest,'' 1935
* {{lang|pt|Como eu trato os meus leprosos (conclusoes baseadas em 3 anos de experiencias na Leprosaria Central de Macasana),}} ''Jornadas Medicas Galaico-Portuguesas, Orense,'' 1935. Also in ''Portugal Medico,'' Porto, 1936.
* ''Leprosaria Central de Goa (Relatorio),'' ''Arquivo da Escola Medico Cirugica,'' Nova Goa, Serie B, 1937
* {{lang|fr|Traitement et guerison de la Lepre,}} ''II Semaine Medicale Internationale,'' Montreux, 1935.
* {{lang|pt|O problema da Lepra. Como se deve agir e como eu agi na nossa India}} – Lecture in the ''Liga da Profilaxia Social, Porto, Volume das Conferencias,'' 1939. Also in ''Boletim Geral de Medecina e Farmacia,'' Nova Goa, 1938.

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Alvares
|first=Claude
|year=2002
|title=Fish curry and rice: a source book on Goa, its ecology, and life style
|publisher=Goa Foundation
|isbn=81-85569-48-7
}}.
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.goacom.com/culture/biographies/froil1.html
|last2=de Mello
|first2=Alfredo
|last1=Colaco
|first1=Jose
|title=''Professor Froilano de Mello, MD (1887 -1955): A Short Biography of His Life and Achievements''
|publisher=Goacom.com
|access-date=1 January 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/64AJJAqCX?url=http://www.goacom.com/culture/biographies/froil1.html
|archive-date=24 December 2011
|df=dmy
}}
*{{Cite book
|last=da Silva Gracias
|first=Fátima
|year=1994
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxZE03zaHKwC&q=Health+and+hygiene+in+colonial+Goa,+1510-1961
|title=Health and hygiene in colonial Goa, 1510–1961
|publisher=Concept Publishing Company
|isbn=978-81-7022-506-5
|access-date=1 January 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Vaz
|first=J. Clement
|year=1997
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC
|title=Profiles of eminent Goans, past and present
|publisher=Concept Publishing Company
|isbn=978-81-7022-619-2
|access-date=1 January 2011}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mello, Froilano de}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Goa]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]]
[[Category:People from Benaulim]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:Portuguese Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Portuguese microbiologists]]
[[Category:Brazilian microbiologists]]
[[Category:Portuguese bacteriologists]]
[[Category:Brazilian bacteriologists]]
[[Category:Indian bacteriologists]]
[[Category:Portuguese leprologists]]
[[Category:Brazilian leprologists]]
[[Category:Indian leprologists]]
[[Category:Portuguese colonial governors and administrators]]
[[Category:Portuguese politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Portuguese scientists]]
[[Category:Brazilian scientists]]
[[Category:Portuguese male writers]]
[[Category:Brazilian male writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Goa]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Indian descent]]

Froilano de Mello - Revision history

>Randy Kryn at 16:58, 2 May 2021