>Citation bot at 20:31, 22 May 2021

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{{short description|Anglo-Indian civil servant and Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}

'''George Edward Campbell Wakefield''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CIE|OBE}} (16 April 1873 – 9 March 1944<ref name="rooke">{{cite web|title=Recollections: 50 Years In The Service Of India|url=https://www.rookebooks.com/product?prod_id=45410|website=Sales catalogue|publisher=Rooke Books|accessdate=9 March 2018}}</ref><ref name=cohen>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZKHDAAAQBAJ&q=%22george+edward+campbell+wakefield%22&pg=PA96|title=Kingship and Colonialism in India's Deccan 1850-1948|first=Benjamin B.|last=Cohen|date=8 January 2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780230603448|via=Google Books}}</ref>) was an [[Anglo-Indian]] civil servant who served as Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] between 1929–31.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RwFAQAAQBAJ&q=Wakefield&pg=PA52|title=Sheikh Abdullah - A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. |edition=2016 |first=Syed Taffazull|last=Hussain|date=7 March 2016|publisher=Wordclay |isbn=9781604816037 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Biography==
Wakefield was born in [[Multan]], Bengal, British India to George Edward Wakefield and his second wife, Adelaide ("Ada") Ruth Mary Allsop.<ref>''India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786-1947''</ref> His paternal grandmother was Indian or Bengali and converted to Christianity, taking the name Maria Suffolk.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Valerie |title=Race and Power in British India: Anglo-Indians, Class and Identity in the Nineteenth Century |date=2015 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9780857739988 |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT120 |accessdate=15 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

He joined the British Indian Civil Service and served as an Assistant Engineer in the Irrigation Department of [[Punjab]] from 1892; held various posts in [[Udaipur]] from 1903 to 1909; served in the government of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad]] from 1910 to 1921 as irrigation settlement officer, deputy Director General of Revenue, as director general of Commerce and Industries and then as personal secretary to the Nizam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/oldsite/brrrkg/archive/papers/overview.html#v|title=Centre of South Asian Studies: Archive|website=www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk}}</ref><ref name=cohen /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkU6AQAAMAAJ&q=G.+E.+C.+Wakefield+hyderabad&pg=PR8-IA195 |title=The Parliamentary Debates (official Report).: House of Commons |date=1917 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/02/27/archives/a-modern-ruler-in-the-vale-of-kashmir-maharajah-hari-singh-brushes.html|title=A MODERN RULER IN THE VALE OF KASHMIR; Maharajah Hari Singh Brushes Aside Long-Entrenched Tradition and Caste in This Remote State of India A NEW CHIEF IN KASHMIR|first=Herford Tynes|last=Cowling|date=27 February 1927|work=[[New York Times]] }}</ref> Wakefield was awarded the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] of the British Raj for public service in India in 1901.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/indialistandind00offigoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/indialistandind00offigoog/page/n186 150]|quote=George Edward Campbell Wakefield.|title=The India List and India Office List for 1902 |year=1902|author=Great Britain India Office|publisher=Harrison and Sons|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

From 1921 Wakefield served in the government of Jammu and Kashmir and was Prime Minister between 1929 and 1931.<ref name="Exposing the Myth">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txtBDwAAQBAJ&q=Wakefield&pg=PT106|title=Kashmir: Exposing the Myth behind the Narrative|first=Khalid Bashir|last=Ahmad|date=23 June 2017|publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=9789386062819|via=Google Books}}</ref> He was replaced by [[Hari Kishan Kaul]] under controversial circumstances.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=2757363|title=Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931-34|first=Ian|last=Copland |page=238 |date=9 March 1981|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=54|issue=2 |doi=10.2307/2757363}}</ref>

In 1931, nearing retirement, Wakefield established a citrus orchard at Khanpur, [[Rawalpindi]], importing plants from Florida, California, South Africa and Australia. In December 2016 the orchard was being advertised as a prestige development under the name "Wakefield Gardens".<ref name="gardens">{{cite web|title=Wakefield Gardens, Sangjani, Islamabad, Pakistan|url=http://rightproperty.pk/project/Wakefield-Gardens-436|publisher=Right Property|accessdate=9 March 2018}}</ref>

In 1942 he published a memoir, ''Recollections : 50 years in the service of India'' (Lahore: Civil and Military Gazette).<ref name="blcat">{{cite web |url=http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01012165178&indx=1&recIds=BLL01012165178&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&vl(488279563UI0)=any&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=wakefield%20recollections%20india&dstmp=1520606862897| title=Catalogue Record for "Recollections : 50 years in the service of India"|publisher=British Library |accessdate=9 March 2018 }}</ref>

He died in Rawalpindi, aged 70.<ref>''India, Select Deaths and Burials, 1719-1948''</ref>

==Honours==
Wakefield was appointed an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the [[1918 Birthday Honours]], being described in the ''[[London Gazette]]'' when he was Director-General of Revenue, His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Government, Hyderabad, Deccan.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30730 |date=7 June 1918 |page=6716 |supp=1 }}</ref> He was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in the [[1928 Birthday Honours]], when he was described as Police and Public Works Minister, Jammu and Kashmir State.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33390 |date=1 June 1928 |page=3850 |supp=1 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wakefield, G. E. C.}}
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]
[[Category:People from Multan]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]

G. E. C. Wakefield - Revision history

>Citation bot at 20:31, 22 May 2021