Ajay Kumar at 07:47, 2 September 2023

2023-09-02T07:47:11Z

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{{Short description|Indian earth observation satellite}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name = Geo Imaging Satellite
| names_list =
| image = GISAT-1_spacecraft_in_the_cleanroom_before_encapsulation.jpg
| caption = GISAT-1 spacecraft in the [[cleanroom]] before encapsulation.
| image_size = 300px

| bus = I-2K <ref name="GSLV_F10_LK">{{cite web|title=GSLV F10/GISAT-1 Brochure|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/gslv-f10_gisat_1_launch_kit_final/files/assets/common/downloads/GSLV-F10%20%20GISAT%201%20Launch%20Kit%20Final|access-date=26 February 2020}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| manufacturer =
* [[U R Rao Satellite Centre]]
* [[Space Applications Centre]]
| applications = [[Earth observation]]
| country = [[India]]
| reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbits = [[Geostationary orbit]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| lifetime = 7 years (planned)

| status = Planned
| launched = 1
| operational = 0
| failed = 1
| lost = 0

| first = 12 August 2021, 00:13 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Launch of India's new-age Earth imaging satellite by May 15: K. Sivan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/launch-of-indias-new-age-earth-imaging-satellite-by-may-15-k-sivan/articleshow/82074910.cms|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="THB_20210326">{{cite news |title=ISRO revises launch schedule of GISAT-1 after "minor issue" with satellite|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/isro-revises-launch-schedule-of-gisat-1-after-minor-issue-with-satellite/article34171421.ece|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Chethan Kumar|date=April 9, 2021|title=Voltage issue further delays launch of Gisat-1 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/voltage-issue-further-delays-launch-of-gisat-1/articleshow/81993758.cms|access-date=2021-04-09|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="TH_20210710"/>
| last =
| retired =

| mass = 2268 kg <ref name="AR2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16|title=Annual Report 2015-2016|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|page=35|date=December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705060034/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16|archive-date=2016-07-05}}</ref><ref name="gslv2020"/>
| Launch vehicle = GSLV F10
| power = 2280 [[watt]]s<ref name="GSLV_F10_LK"/>
| equipment = [[Ritchey-Chrétien telescope]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gisat-1.htm|title = Gisat 1, 2 (Eos 03, 05)}}</ref> Multispectral array detectors Steerable antenna
| Rocket = GSLV F10
}}

'''Geo Imaging Satellite''' or '''GISAT''' is an Indian imaging satellite class for [[geostationary orbit]] with a high temporal resolution, meant for providing near real time imaging with fast revisit capability and real time monitoring.<ref>https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> Two satellites will provide resolution in the range of 42 to 318 m.<ref name="GSLV_F10_LK"/><ref name="UIM2016">{{cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Alok|date=3 January 2016|title=User Interface Meet 2016: "New Indian eye in GEO"|url=https://nrsc.gov.in/sites/all/pdf/GISAT-UIM-3Jan2016_V3_Alok_2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830152056/http://nrsc.gov.in:80/sites/all/pdf/GISAT-UIM-3Jan2016_V3_Alok_2.pdf|archive-date=30 August 2016|access-date=7 March 2021|website=nrsc.gov.in}}</ref> It will carry multi-spectral (Visible and Near-InfraRed, and Short Wave-InfraRed), multi-resolution (42 to 318 m) imaging instruments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=94099|title = Untitled Page}}</ref>

The first satellite; EOS-3 (aka GISAT-1) was launched on 12 August 2021 but failed to reach orbit as [[CE-7.5|cryogenic upper stage]] of [[GSLV]] could not ignite. EOS-3 was supposed to fulfil civilian applications.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=K |first=Chethan |title=Navy to acquire Gisat-2; Dedicated satellite to boost capability in IOR region {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/navy-to-acquire-gisat-2-dedicated-satellite-to-boost-capability-in-ior-region/articleshow/91384738.cms |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=The Times of India |date=7 May 2022 |language=en |quote=The first one (Gisat-1) was for civilian use, but Gisat-2 is for strategic purposes and the navy has very specific requirements which they (Isro) need to meet,}}</ref>

The second satellite, EOS-5 (aka GISAT-2) will be acquired by [[Indian Navy]] and will differ slightly in capabilities compared to EOS-03 (aka GISAT-1).<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Ministry of Defence, Demands for Grants (2022-23), Army, Navy, Air Force, Joint Staff, Military Engineer Services, Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme And Sainik Schools (Demand No. 20 and 21) |url=http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Defence/17_Defence_27.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319073904/http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Defence/17_Defence_27.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Space research in India, January 2018 – June 2020 |url=https://cosparhq.cnes.fr/assets/uploads/2021/02/India_2018-20-final_compressed.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304090118/https://cosparhq.cnes.fr/assets/uploads/2021/02/India_2018-20-final_compressed.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2021 |quote=GISAT Series: Geo Imaging Satellite is envisaged to provide high resolution imaging capability from geostationary orbit. It will consist of high-resolution imaging in VNIR (GISAT-1/-2) and LWIR (GISAT-2). There will be two hyperspectral imagers covering VNIR and SWIR regions. GISAT-1 payload was successfully delivered to the project.}}</ref>

== Payload ==
[[File:I-2K based GISAT-1 spacecraft in deployed configuration..png|thumb|upright=1.0|left|The GISAT-1 in deployed configuration.]]

GISATs will image in multi-spectral and hyper-spectral bands to provide near real-time pictures of large areas of the country, under cloud-free conditions, at frequent intervals which is, selected field image in every 5 minutes and entire Indian landmass image every 30 minutes at 42 m spatial resolution.<ref name="GSLV_F10_LK"/>

Features of GISAT-1 are:
* 700 mm [[Ritchey–Chrétien telescope]] based on the design of [[Cartosat-2A]]
* Array detectors in [[VNIR|Visible and Near-InfraRed]] (VNIR), and [[Infrared|Short Wave-InfraRed]] (SWIR) bands
* Electronically steerable, [[Phased array|phased array antenna]]
* High agility, jitter-free platform

{| class="wikitable"
|+Imaging capabilities of GISAT-1 <ref name="GSLV_F10_LK"/>
!Band
!Channels
!Ground Resolution(m)
!Range(μm)
|-
|Multispectral (VNIR)
|6
|42
|0.45 – 0.875
|-
|Hyperspectral (VNIR)
|158
|318
|0.375 – 1.0
|-
|Hyperspectral (SWIR)
|256
|191
|0.9 – 2.5
|}

== Launch schedule ==
{| class = "wikitable"
! rowspan = "2" | Designation
! rowspan = "2" | [[COSPAR ID]]
! rowspan = "2" | [[Satellite Catalog Number|NORAD ID]]
! rowspan = "2" | Power
! colspan = "4" | Launch
! colspan = "2" | Orbital parameters
! rowspan = "2" | Remarks
|-
! Launch date, Time (UTC)
! Launch mass
! Launch vehicle
! Launch site
! Orbit
! Longitude
|-

| EOS-03 (GISAT-1)
| colspan="2" | Failed to orbit<ref>{{cite news|title=যান্ত্রিক ত্রুটি, পুরোপুরি সফল হল না উপগ্রহ 'GISAT-1'-এর উৎক্ষেপণ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/technology/gisat-1-satellite-launch-could-not-be-fully-accomplished-says-isro_397880.html|access-date=12 August 2021|agency=Zee News|publisher=Zee News|date=12 August 2021|language=Bengali}}</ref>
| 2280 [[watt]]s
| 12 August 2021, 00:13 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| 2268 kg
| [[GSLV]]-F10
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SDSC]]
| [[Geostationary transfer orbit|GTO]]
| 85.5° East (planned)
| <ref>{{cite news|title=অতিমারির অন্ধকার ফুঁড়ে ফের উৎক্ষেপণে নামছে ইসরো, বৃহস্পতিবার কক্ষপথে যাবে জিস্যাট-১|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/science/earth-observation-satellite-launch-on-aug-12-isro-looks-to-gain-lost-pace-due-to-covid-19-dgtl/cid/1297679|access-date=12 August 2021|agency=Anandabazar|publisher=anandabazar.com|date=10 August 2021|location=Kolkata|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=भारत का सबसे ताकतवर टेलीस्कोप, अब PAK पर हर पल नजर|url=https://m.aajtak.in/trending-clicks/gallery/india-isro-will-launch-gisat-1-in-january-balakot-pakistan-telescope-tstr-43223-2019-12-20-1|publisher=Aaj Tak|date=2019-12-20|access-date=2019-12-20|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=દર 30 મીનિટે આકાશમાંથી ભારતને મળશે એક તસવીર, ઈસરો રચવા જઈ રહ્યું છે નવો ઇતિહાસ|url=https://www.gstv.in/every-30-minutes-india-will-get-a-picture-from-the-sky-isro-is-going-to-form-a-new-history-gujarati-news/|publisher=GSTV|date=2019-12-21|access-date=2019-12-22|language=Gujarati}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eenadu.net/nationalinternational/mainnews/general/7/220016237|title=ఫిబ్రవరిలో జీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ ప్రయోగం|publisher=EENADU|website=eenadu.net|language=te|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-mirdula-selected-for-isro-setelight-lounching-20029022.html|title=इसरो जाकर सैटेलाइट लांचिग देखेंगी रांची की मृदुला|website=jagran.com|language=hi|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref><ref name="CGMS47">{{cite web|title=Status report on the current and future satellite systems by ISRO|url=https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/PPT/CGMS-47-ISRO-WP-01|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="gslv2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/images/GSLV/LaunchesPlanned|title=GSLV Planned launch|publisher=VSSC|access-date=22 December 2019}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/04-mar-2020/launch-of-gisat-1-onboard-gslv-f10-planned-march-05-2020-postponed|title=The launch of GISAT-1 onboard GSLV-F10, planned for 5 March 2020, is postponed|publisher=ISRO|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=2020-03-04|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716011513/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/04-mar-2020/launch-of-gisat-1-onboard-gslv-f10-planned-march-05-2020-postponed|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ar-2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf|title=ANNUAL REPORT 2020-2021|publisher=ISRO|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425173704/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TH_20210710">{{cite news|others=PTI|date=2021-07-10|title=ISRO plans to launch geo imaging satellite on August 12|newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-plans-to-launch-geo-imaging-satellite-on-august-12/article35249440.ece|access-date=2021-07-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-

| EOS-05 (GISAT-2)
| TBD
| TBD
| 2280 watts
| March 2024 (planned)
| 2268 kg
| [[GSLV]]-F14
| [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SDSC]]
| [[Geostationary transfer orbit|GTO]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/images/GSLV/LaunchesPlanned|title=GSLV Project: Planned launches of GSLV|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-22}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/hal-handsover-50th-set-of-l-40-stage-of-gslv-mkii-to-isro-2266950.html|title=HAL hands over 50th set of L-40 stage of GSLV-MKII to ISRO|date=2020-02-28 |website=zeenews.india.com|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref><ref name="ar-2021"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2023 |title=ISRO report on highlights and issues in dataset and product generation |url=https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/GetWpFile.ashx?wid=7a49fc94-4517-4fd8-9abe-8c12f68cb5f5&aid=e6f0e59b-8d38-4691-aea1-3f33d881db20 |quote=GISAT-2 is scheduled for launch in March 2024.}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight|India}}
* [[NAVIC]]
* [[INSAT]]
* [[GSAT]]
* [[Cartosat]]
* [[RISAT]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian spacecraft}}

[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2021]]
[[Category:2021 in India]]
[[Category:Satellites in geostationary orbit]]

GEO Imaging Satellite - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 07:47, 2 September 2023