CleanupBot II at 23:38, 13 August 2023

2023-08-13T23:38:39Z

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{{About|the Indian telecommunications and broadcasting satellites|the navigation satellites|Galileo navigation system|the algorithm for propositional Boolean satisfiability|WalkSAT|the Taiwanese university entrance exam|General Scholastic Ability Test}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
| name = GSAT
| image = GSAT-7A in delpoyed configuration.png
| caption = The [[GSAT-7A]], a military communications satellite, in deployed configuration
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| country = [[India]]
| bus =
| applications = Communications
| orbits = [[Geostationary orbit]]
| operator = [[Indian National Satellite System|INSAT]]
| lifetime =
| derivedfrom =
| derivatives = 
| Preceded = 
| Succeeded = 


| status = In service
| built =
| orders =
| launched = 20
| operational = 14
| retired = 6
| failed =
| lost =
| first =
| last =
}}
The '''GSAT''' (Geostationary Satellite)<ref>{{cite web |title=ISRO GeoStationary Satellites |url=http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx |website=isro.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211041254/http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx |archive-date=11 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[artificial satellite|satellites]] are India's indigenously developed [[communications satellite]]s, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites of [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] have been launched out of which 14 satellites are in service.

== History ==
The GSAT series of [[geosynchronous satellites]] is a system developed by ISRO with an objective to make India self-reliant in broadcasting services. The repertoire of 10 GSAT satellites, a total of 168 transponders (out of which 95 transponders are leased out to provide services to the broadcasters) in the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster warning and search and rescue operations.

== List of active satellites ==
This is a list of GSAT current satellites with their outcome.
{| style="font-size:95%;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+GSAT Satellites In Service
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" |Satellite
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Longitude
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Date of launch
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Launch vehicle
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Lift-off mass
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Status
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Notes
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |GSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |INSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |Known as
|-
|[[INSAT-4E|GSAT-6]]
|''INSAT-4E''
|
|style="text-align:right;" |83° East
|style="text-align:right;" |27 August 2015
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV]] Mk II D6
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2132|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|A multi-media mobile satellite system; will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service, via mobile phones and mobile video/audio receivers for vehicles; Can also be utilized for strategic and social applications.
|-
|[[GSAT-7]]
|nowrap |INSAT-4F<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-044B |title=GSAT 7 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
| Rukmani
|style="text-align:right;" |74° East
|style="text-align:right;" |30 August 2013
|{{flagicon|EU}} [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA VA-215]]
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2650|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|According to defense experts, to enable the [[Indian Navy]] to acquire blue water capabilities and need not depend on foreign satellites like [[Inmarsat]], which provide communication services to its ships.
|-
|nowrap |[[GSAT-7A]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|Angry Bird
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |19 December 2018
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV]] Mk II F11
|style="text-align:center;" |
{{convert|2250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{Yes|In service}}
|GSAT-7A is an advanced military communications satellite meant exclusively for the Indian Air Force.
|-
|[[GSAT-8]]
|INSAT-4G
|GramSat 8<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-022A |title=GSAT 8 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right;" |55° East
|style="text-align:right;" |20 May 2011
|nowrap |{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-202
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3093|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|To augment the capacity in the INSAT system; The GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System|IRNSS]] Satellites is improved by a network of ground-based receivers and made available to the users in the country through the geostationary satellites.
|-
|[[GSAT-9]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|[[South Asia Satellite]]
|style="text-align:right;" |48° East
| style="text-align:right;" |5 May 2017
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV]] Mk II F09
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2330|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|Carried [[GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation|GAGAN]] navigation payload, a regional navigational services by [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System|NAVIC]], a navigational system developed by India, that provides navigational services to the security forces and air traffic control organizations.
|-
|[[GSAT-10]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |83° East
|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |29 September 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-051B |title=GSAT 10 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-209
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3435|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|To augment telecommunication, Direct-To-Home and radio navigation services.
|-
|[[GSAT-11]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |74° East
|style="text-align:right;" |4 December 2018
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-246
|style="text-align:center;" |5854 kg
(12,906 lb)
|{{yes|In service}}
|Aimed at providing advanced telecom and DTH services in the country. Heaviest satellite build by India.
|-
|[[GSAT-12]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|nowrap |GramSat 12<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-034A |title=GSAT 12 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right;" |83° East
|style="text-align:right;" |15 July 2011
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]]-XL C17
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1412|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|Replacement of the [[INSAT-3B]]; to provide services like tele-education, tele-medicine, disaster management support and satellite internet access. Only GSAT satellite to be launched by [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]].
|-
|[[GSAT-14]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |75° East
|style="text-align:right;" |5 January 2014
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV]] Mk.II D5
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1982|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|To replace the GSAT-3 satellite; launched by a GSLV Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage.
|-
|[[GSAT-15]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |93.5° East
| style="text-align:right;" |10 November 2015
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-227
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}
|Similar to GSAT-10 satellite; to augment the capacity of transponders to provide more bandwidth for Direct-to-Home television and VSAT services.
|-
|[[GSAT-16]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |55° East
| style="text-align:right;" |6 December 2014
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-221
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arianespace.com/news-mission-update/2014/1245.asp |title=Ariane 5 delivers DIRECTV-14 and GSAT-16 to orbit on Arianespace's latest mission success |access-date=7 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211024044/http://www.arianespace.com/news-mission-update/2014/1245.asp |archive-date=11 December 2014 }}</ref>

|The communication payloads provide a combination of total 48 transponders across the three frequency bands (24-Normal C, 12-Extended-C and 12 in Ku-band) along with a Ku-band beacon transmitter, which is the highest for an Indian satellite. The spacecraft will be Co-located with GSAT-8 at 55 deg E.
|-
|[[GSAT-17]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |93.5° East
| style="text-align:right;" |28 June 2017
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA VA-238
|style="text-align:center;" |3,477 kg (7,551 lb)
|{{yes|In service}}<ref name="AR2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |title=Annual Report 2015-2016 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |format=PDF |page=28 |date=December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705060034/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/right-to-information/annual_report-15-16.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-05 }}</ref>

|Payload includes 24 C-band, 2 lower C-band, 12 upper C-band, 2 CxS (C-band up/S-band down), and 1 SxC (S-band up/C-band down) transponders as well as a dedicated transponder for data relay (DRT) and search-and-rescue (SAR) services.
|-
|[[GSAT-18]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |74° East
| style="text-align:right;" |5 October 2016
|{{flagicon|EU}} Ariane 5 ECA
VA-231
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3404|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}<ref name="AR2016"/>

|to provide services in Normal C-band, Upper Extended C-band and Ku-bands of the frequency spectrum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-india-telecommunications-satellite-gsat-18-launch-french-guiana-3067595/|title=GSAT-18 launched successfully on board Ariane-5 from Kourou in French Guiana|date=2016-10-06|access-date=2016-10-06}}</ref>
|-
|[[GSAT-19E|GSAT-19]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |48° East
| style="text-align:right;" | 5 June 2017
|{{flagicon|india}} [[GSLV Mk III]] D1
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|3136|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{yes|In service}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-gsat-19-satellite-launch-live-updates-india-attempts-to-put-3136-kg-satellite-in-orbit-4689969/|title=Now, ISRO successfully puts GSAT-19 satellite in orbit with GSLV Mk-III|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref>
|Maiden (developmental) flight of [[GSLV Mark III]]
|-
|nowrap |[[GSAT-29]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |55° East
|style="text-align:right;" |14 November 2018
|{{flagicon|india}} [[GSLV Mk III]] D2
|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|3,423|kg}}
|{{yes|In service}}<ref>[https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/isro-successfully-launches-the-gsat-29-satellite-from-satish-dhawan-space-center-in-sriharikota-on-wednesday/articleshow/66621815.cms ISRO successfully launches the GSAT-29 satellite from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on Wednesday]. ''Bangalore Mirror''. 14 November 2018.</ref>
|Second developmental flight of [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III|GSLV Mark III]]
|-
|[[GSAT-30]]
|
|
|style="text-align:right;" |83° East
|style="text-align:right;" | 17 January 2020
|{{flagicon|EU}} [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] VA-251
|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|3,547|kg}}
|{{yes|In Service}}<ref name="gsat30">{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/17-jan-2020/press-release-india%E2%80%99s-communication-satellite-gsat-30-launched-successfully|title=India’s communication satellite GSAT-30 launched successfully|publisher=ISRO|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
|Replacement satellite for [[INSAT-4A]]
|-
|[[GSAT-31]]
|
|
|style="text-align:right;" |48° East
|style="text-align:right;" | 6 February 2019
|{{flagicon|EU}} [[Ariane 5|Ariane 5 ECA]] VA-247
|style="text-align:center;" |{{cvt|2,535|kg}}
|{{yes|In Service}}<ref name="gsat31">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-40th-communication-satellite-gsat-31-launched-1988977|title=India's 40th Communication Satellite, GSAT-31, Launched|publisher=NDTV|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>
|
|}

== List of upcoming GSAT satellites ==
{| style="font-size:95%;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+GSAT Satellites Planned
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" |Satellite
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Longitude
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Date of launch
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Launch vehicle
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Lift-off mass
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Status
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Notes
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |GSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |INSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |Known as
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-7B]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |20XX
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV]] Mk II F?
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}
|
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-7C]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |20XX
|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F?
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}
|
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-7R]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |20XX
|{{flagicon|IND}} GSLV Mk II F?
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}
|Replacement for [[GSAT-7]] Rukmini<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/navy-to-buy-rs-1589-crore-satellite-from-isro/articleshow/70283927.cms|title=Navy to buy Rs 1,589 crore satellite from ISRO|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|''[[GSAT-20]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |202X
(Planned)
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk III]]
|style="text-align:center;" |5,300 kg (11,684 lb)
|{{Planned}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-20.htm |title=GSat 20 |author= |date=2 June 2017 |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref>
|
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-22]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |202X (planned)
|{{flagicon|india}} [[GSLV Mk III]]
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}<ref name="gsat22-23-24">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2017/04/dos-plans-to-launch-3-satellites-in.html?m=1 |title=GSAT 22/23/24 |author= |date=25 April 2017 |publisher=Indian Defense News|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-23]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |202X (planned)
|{{flagicon|india}} [[GSLV Mk III]]
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}<ref name="gsat22-23-24" />
|
|-
|nowrap |''[[GSAT-24]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |2021 (planned)
|{{flagicon|EU}} [[Ariane 5 ECA]]
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}<ref name="gsat22-23-24" />
|
|-
|[[GSAT-32]]
|
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" | 2022
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk II]]
|style="text-align:center;" |
|{{Planned}}
|Replacement of GSAT – 6A.

|}

== List of defunct satellites ==

{| style="font-size:95%;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+GSAT satellites decommissioned/failed/cancelled
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" |Satellite
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Longitude
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Date of launch
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Launch vehicle
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Lift-off mass
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Status
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" Unsorted|Notes
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |GSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |INSAT series
! style="text-align:center;" |Known as
|-
|[[GSAT-1]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|GramSat 1<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-015A |title=GSAT 1 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |73° West (2000) 99° West (2000–2006) 76.85° West (2006–2009)
|style="text-align:right;" |18 April 2001
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk I]] D1
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1540|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{no|Failed to orbit (Experimental satellite)}}
|Envisaged as a technology demonstrator; Failed to achieve its target orbit, which prevented it from fulfilling its primary communications mission.
|-
|[[GSAT-2]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|GramSat 2<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-018A |title=GSAT 2 |author= |date=16 August 2013 |publisher=NASA |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right;" |47.95° East
|style="text-align:right;" |8 May 2003
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk I]] D2
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|1825|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{partial|Decommissioned (Experimental satellite)}}
|Experimental communication satellite on board the second developmental test flight of India's GSLV.
|-
|[[GSAT-3]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|EduSat
|style="text-align:right;" |74° East
|style="text-align:right;" nowrap |20 September 2004
|nowrap |{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk I]] F01
|style="text-align:center;" nowrap |{{convert|1950|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{partial|Decommissioned (30 September 2010)}}
|Built exclusively to serve the educational sector. It was mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country.
|-
|[[GSAT-4]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|nowrap |HealthSat
|style="text-align:right;" |82° East
|style="text-align:right;" |15 April 2010
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk II]] D3
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2220|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{no|Failed to orbit}}
|Experimental communication and navigation satellite; maiden flight of the GSLV Mk.II rocket.
|-
|[[GSAT-5]]
|nowrap |INSAT-4D<ref>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-5.htm |title=GSat 5 (Insat 4D) |author= |date=29 March 2017 |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk II]]
|style="text-align:center;" nowrap |{{convert|2250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{no|Cancelled}}
|Rebuilt as the [[GSAT-5P]].
|-
|nowrap |[[GSAT-5P]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |55° East
|style="text-align:right;" |25 December 2010
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk I]] F06
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2310|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{no|Failed to orbit}}
|As a replacement for [[INSAT-3E]].
|-
|nowrap |[[GSAT-6A]]
|style="text-align:center;" |-
|
|style="text-align:right;" |
|style="text-align:right;" |29 March 2018
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[GSLV Mk II]] F08
|style="text-align:center;" |{{convert|2140|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|{{no|Communication lost}}
| Communication with the satellite was lost after the second orbit raising manoeuvre. Efforts are on to re-establish link but at this point it remains incommunicado.<ref>https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-apr-2018/second-orbit-raising-operation-of-gsat-6a-satellite-has-been-successfully-carried</ref>
|
|}

== See also ==

* [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)]]
* [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]
* [[List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches]]

{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211041254/http://isro.org/satellites/geostationary.aspx ISRO GeoStationary Satellites]

{{GSAT Satellites}}
{{INSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Indian space programme}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gsat}}
[[Category:GSAT satellites| ]]
[[Category:INSAT satellites]]
[[Category:ISRO satellites]]
[[Category:ISRO programs]]
[[Category:Communications satellites of India]]
[[Category:Communications satellite constellations]]

GSAT - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 23:38, 13 August 2023