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{{short description|20th-century Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar
| image = G. V. Mavalankar.jpg
| caption = G.V. Mavalankar in June 1942
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1888|11|27}}
| birth_place = [[Baroda]], [[Baroda State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1956|02|27|1888|11|27}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| order = 1st
| office = Speaker of the Lok Sabha
| deputy = M. A. Ayyangar
| primeminister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| constituency = [[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]]
| term_start = 15 May 1952
| term_end = 27 February 1956
| predecessor = ''Office Established''
| successor = [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = [[Sushila Ganesh Mavalankar]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Jain|first=C. K.|title=Women parliamentarians in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2yPAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Surjeet Publications|page=697}}</ref>
| children =
| website =
| date = 5 July
| year = 2009
| source = http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/mavalankar.asp
}}
'''Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar''' (27 November 1888 – 27 February 1956) popularly known as '''''Dadasaheb''''' was an independence activist, the President (from 1946 to 1947) of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]], then Speaker of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], and later the first Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]]. His son [[Purushottam Mavalankar]] was later elected to the Lok Sabha twice from Gujarat.

==Early life==
[[File:Centenary of amc.jpg|thumb|left|Balvantrai Thakore, Sardar Patel and Ganesh Mavalankar at a ceremony held to celebrate the centenary year of the [[Ahmedabad]] Municipality, 1935]]
Mavalankar hailed from a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] family but lived and worked in [[Ahmedabad]], former capital of [[Gujarat]]. His family originally belonged to Mavalange in [[Sangameshwar]] in the [[Ratnagiri district]] of the [[Bombay Presidency]] in [[British India]]. After his early education in [[Rajapur, Maharashtra|Rajapur]] and other places in Bombay Presidency, Mavalankar moved to Ahmedabad in 1902 for higher studies. He obtained his B.A. Degree in science from the [[Gujarat University|Gujarat College]], Ahmedabad, in 1908. He was a Dakshina Fellow of the College for one year in 1909 before beginning his law studies in the Government Law School, Bombay. He passed his law examination as First Class in 1912 and entered the legal profession in 1913. Soon, he came into contact with eminent leaders like [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He became the honorary secretary of the Gujarat Education Society in 1913 and the secretary of the Gujarat Sabha in 1916. Mavalankar was elected to the Ahmedabad Municipality for the first time in 1919. He was a member of the Ahmedabad Municipality during 1919–22, 1924–27, 1930–33 and 1935–37.<ref name=s>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/mavalankar.asp|title=Former Speakers – G.V. Mavalankar|publisher=The Office of the Speaker, Lok Sabha website|access-date=5 July 2009}}</ref>

==Political life==
Mavalankar joined the [[Indian Independence Movement]] with the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. He was appointed secretary of the Gujarat Provincial Congress Committee during 1921–22. Although he temporarily joined the [[Swaraj Party]] in the 1920s, he returned to Gandhi's [[Salt Satyagraha]] in 1930. After the Congress abandoned its [[boycott]] of elections to the pre-independence legislative councils in 1934, Mavalankar was elected to the [[Bombay Province]] Legislative Assembly and became its Speaker in 1937. Mavalankar remained Speaker of the Bombay Legislative Assembly from 1937 to 1946. In 1946, he was elected also to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="Kashyap">Subhash C. Kashyap (1989). ''Dada Saheb Mavalankar, Father of Lok Sabha'' (Published for the Lok Sabha Secretariat by the National Publishing House), pp. 9–11</ref>

Mavalankar remained the President of the Central Legislative Assembly until midnight of 14–15 August 1947 when, under the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States ceased to exist and the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] assumed full powers for the governance of India. Just after independence, Mavalankar headed a committee constituted on 20 August 1947 to study and report on the need to separate the constitution-making role of the Constituent Assembly from its legislative role. Later, on the basis of this committee's recommendation, the legislative and constitution-making roles of the Assembly were separated and it was decided to have a speaker to preside over the Assembly during its functioning as a legislative body. Mavalankar was elected to the office of speaker of the Constituent Assembly (Legislative) on 17 November 1947. With the adoption of the [[Constitution of India]] on 26 November 1949, the nomenclature of the Constituent Assembly (Legislative) was changed to the Provisional Parliament. Mavalankar became the Speaker of the Provisional Parliament on 26 November 1949 and continued to occupy the office till the [[1st Lok Sabha|First Lok Sabha]] was constituted in 1952.<ref name=s/>

On 15 May 1952, after the first general elections in independent India, Mavalankar, who was representing [[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]] for Congress, was elected the Speaker of the first Lok Sabha.<ref name="Kashyap"/> The House carried the proposal with 394 votes, against the opponent's 55. In January 1956, Mavalankar suffered a heart attack and resigned his office. He died on 27 February 1956 in Ahmedabad after cardiac arrest, aged 67.<ref name=s/>

His wife, Sushila Mavalankar, won the by poll caused by his death in 1956 unopposed. But she did not contest in 1957.<ref>https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1951-election-results.html</ref> His son Purushottam Mavalankar would later win this seat in 1972 by poll.

==Education front==
Mavalankar was one of the guiding forces with Patel in the educational sphere of Gujarat and was co-founder of the [[Ahmadabad Education Society]] along with [[Kasturbhai Lalbhai]] and [[Amritlal Hargovindas]].<ref>[http://www.aes-ahmedabad.ac.in/ Ahmadabad Education Society] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927191141/http://www.aes-ahmedabad.ac.in/ |date=27 September 2008 }}</ref> Further, he along with Gandhi, Patel, and others was also one of the proposers of an institution like [[Gujarat University]] as early as the 1920s, which later came to be founded in 1949.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/web/WebBriefHistory.asp | title=Brief History | publisher=Gujarat University Official Website | access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/116740/News/G-V-Mavalankar.html An image of G.V. Mavalankar with his wife and son Balkrishna Mavalankar, Bombay, 12 May 1953]
* [https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/55850/1/lsd_01_12_27-02-1956_pII.pdf Lok Sabha condolence message Page 7]

{{Speakers of the Lok Sabha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mavlankar, Ganesh Vasudev}}
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Pro tem Speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Bombay State politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]

Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar - Revision history

->Editrite! at 02:34, 29 November 2021