Marinavan at 18:06, 16 May 2024

2024-05-16T18:06:01Z

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{{no footnotes|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Gangesvara Siva Temple
| image =
| map_type = India Orissa
| map_caption = Location in Orissa
| coordinates = {{coord|20|14|33|N|85|51|17|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]
| district =
| locale = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| elevation_m = 18
| deity = Siva [[lingam]]
| architecture = kalingan <br> [[Kalinga Architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 13th-14th century AD
}}

'''Gangesvara Siva Temple''' (lat. 20° 14’27" N., long. 85° 50’ 12"E., elev. 73 ft) is situated within a precinct on the left side of the Ganges–Yamuna road (leading from Talabazar Chowk to the Ganges-Yamuna temple) Old Town, [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha|Orissa]], [[India]]. It is located at a distance of 200 metres north-east of [[Lingaraj temple]], 50 metres north of Lakhesvara temple across the road, 200 metres south of
Subarnesvara and 100 metres east of Gourisankar temple. The temple is facing east. The presiding deity is a Siva [[lingam]] within a circular ''yonipitha''. It is a living temple and is maintained by the ''Ganga Yamuna'' ''Sangathana''.

==Legend==
There is a common belief among the local people that Goddess [[Parvati]] killed the demons ''Kirti'' and ''Basa'' in the ''Ekamra Kshetra''. After this heroic incident, the deity felt thirsty. In order to quench the thirst, Lord [[Shiva]] struck his trident into the earth. A spring came out and to consecrate the spring river goddess [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]] were invited. To commemorate the incident, the twin temples of Gangesvara and Yamunesvara were constructed during the Ganga rule in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. However, the present monument is a later renovation of the original shrine as evident from the use of earlier building materials used in a non-schematic manner and the depiction of sculptures from the later period in the ''jangha''.

==Significance==
i) Historic significance : Local people attribute the temple to the imperial [[Gangas]].

ii) Cultural significance : Festivals like ''[[Shivaratri]], Chandana Yatra, Kartika'' Purnima and ''Jalabhiseka'' are performed.

iii) Social significance : Thread ceremony, Marriage ceremony, Engagements and other
social functions are also performed.

iv) Associational significance :Ganga-Yamuna Sangathana

==Physical description==
'''i) Surrounding:'''
The temple is surrounded by Yamunesvaar temple in the south and the Ganges-Yamuna tank in north-east direction within the temple precinct. The eastern, western and northern sides are surrounded by paddy fields across the temple compound wall. The Ganges–Yamuna road passes through in the south beyond temple compound wall.

'''ii) Orientation:'''
The temple is facing east.

'''iii) Architectural features (Plan & Elevation):'''
On plan, the temple is pancharatha with square ''vimana'' and a frontal porch extending towards east. The ''vimana'' measures 3.35 square metres with the frontal porch measuring 0.25 metres. On elevation, the temple is in rekha order having usual ''bada, gandi'' and ''mastaka'' measuring 8.00 metres in height from ''khura to kalasa''. The bada measuring 2.60 metres in height has fivefold vertical divisions namely plain pabhaga with five mouldings (0.66 metres), ''tala jangha'' (0.72 metres), bandhana two mouldings (0.40 metres),'' upara jangha'' (0.60 metres) and the baranda has a single moulding of 0.22 metres in height. The gandi above the baranda measuring 3.15 metres in height is distinguished by a central raha and a pair of ''anuratha'' and ''kanika pagas'' on either side of the raha which is a curvilinear spire devoid of ornamentation. The mastaka as usual in Orissan temples has components like ''beki'', ''amlaka'', ''khapuri'' and ''kalasa'' that measure 2.25 metres in height.

'''iv) Raha niche & Parsvadevata:'''
The ''parsvadevata'' niche on three sides uniformly measures 0.63 metres in height and 0.33 metres in width. The western niche houses a four armed Vishnu image standing in ''tribhanga'' pose on a full-blown lotus pedestal along with his mount Garuda. The deity is holding mace in his upper left arm and conch in lower left arm. While his upper right arm is in varada mudra and the lower right arm is holding a wheel. The image wears a ''kirita mukuta'' and a ''Makara Torana'' in relief behind the head. The northern niche accommodates a four armed Parvati image of recent make. The southern niche is empty. The niches are plain.

'''v) Decorative features:'''
The temple is carved with secular images on both the janghas. In the western wall, ''tala jangha'' portion there is a female figure holding a child in her both hands. The female wears a ''manibandha'', beaded necklace and armlet with bulbing hair. The ''upara jangha'', bears a ''nayika'' in standing pose pushing something into her genital organ in her left hand while her right hand is resting on the ground. In the ''kanika paga'', the ''tala jangha'' has a ''darpana'' image and the ''upara jangha'' sculpture has a male figure holding a rectangular flat-shaped object in his left hand and the right hand resting over the right knee. On the right side of the ''raha paga'', the ''lower jangha'' is carved with a male warrior who holds a sword in his right hand and a shield in left hand. In the upara jangha, there is a woman in ''yonibhiseka'' pose standing over a fire pot with splayed out legs, the figure either urinating or taking the warmth of the fire. Her right arm is in ''abhaya mudra'' and the left arm rests over her left knee.

In the ''kanika paga'', the lower jangha bears an amorous couple in which the male figure touches the left breast of the female figure while the right hand touches the chin of the woman. In the southern wall, the left side ''raha'' (''anuratha paga'') in ''lower jangha'' bears a female figure holding a pot in her left hand while in her right hand she is feeding a monkey. In the ''upara jangha'', the male figure is holding a ''kamandalu'' in his left hand while his right hand holds the arm of the female in an amorous pose. In the upara jangha there is an abduction scene in which a male with a moustache is carried by a female. The carvings in the northern wall are chopped off. On the right side the jangha is carved with a secular image of a female figure in which she is pushing something in to the genital organ in her left hand.

'''Doorjamb''' -The doorjambs measuring 1.52 metres x 1.07 metres is decorated with two plain vertical bands. At the base of the doorjambs there are two dvarapala niches measuring 0.32 metres x 0.14 metres. The dvarapalas are standing in flex position and holding a trident in their left hand. In the inner dvarasakha at the base near the pidhamundi of the niche has a snake canopy with the bust of a female on the left and a male on the right. There are gajasimha motifs carved beneath the dvarapala niches. At the lalatabimba there is a [[gajalaxmi]] seated in [[lalitasana]] on double petalled lotus flanked by two elephants which represents the jalabhiseka ceremony.

'''vi) Building material:'''
Grey sandstone

'''vii)Construction techniques:'''
Dry masonry

'''viii) Style:'''
'Kalingan'.

'''ix) Special features, if any:'''
Carved with secular images in both the janghas

==See also==
* [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sourcers===
* [http://www.ignca.nic.in/asi_reports/orkhurda064.pdf Data]
* [http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/may/engpdf/16-17.pdf Info]
* Lesser Known Monuments of Bhubaneswar by Dr. Sadasiba Pradhan ({{ISBN|81-7375-164-1}})

{{Temples in Bhubaneswar}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Odisha]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar]]

Gangesvara Siva Temple - Revision history

Marinavan at 18:06, 16 May 2024