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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Garhbeta I
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Garhbeta-I in Paschim Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.86|N|87.36|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 361.87
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 41
| population_total = 228,513
| population_as_of = 20i1
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721121 (Amlagora) 721127 (Garhbeta) 721165 (Kharkusma)
| area_code = 03227
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-34
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 72.21%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Garbeta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garbeta]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.bdogarhbeta1.com//}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Garhbeta I''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Medinipur Sadar subdivision]] of [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==

In Garhbeta I CD block, 85% of the cultivated area has [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil and 15% has [[laterite|lateritic]] soil. Garbeta I CD block is drought prone.<ref name="geography">{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 26 (Predominant Soil), Pages 265-268 (Identification of Flood prone areas, Names of drought-prone blocks) | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Garbeta is located at {{coord|22.86|N|87.36|E|format=dms|}}.

Garhbeta I CD block is bounded by [[Taldangra (community development block)|Taldangra]], [[Bishnupur, Bankura (community development block)|Bishnupur]], [[Joypur, Bankura (community development block)|Joypur]] and [[Kotulpur (community development block)|Kotulpur]] CD blocks in Bankura district in the north, [[Goghat II]] CD block in Hooghly district and [[Chandrakona I]] and [[Chandrakona II]] CD blocks in the east, [[Garhbeta III]] CD block in the south and [[Garhbeta II]] CD block in the west.

It is located 58 km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.

Garhbeta I CD block covers {{cvt|361.87|km2}}. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 12 [[gram panchayat]]s, 162 gram sansads (village councils), 371 [[mouza]]s and 306 inhabited villages. [[Garhbeta#Police station|Garhbeta]] and [[Goaltore#Police station|Goaltore]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref> The headquarters of this CD block is at [[Garbeta]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

Garhbeta I CD block had a forest cover of 7,460 hectares, against a total geographical area of 36,117 hectares in 2005-06.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 28, Table 2.4 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gongoni Danga]], a [[canyon]]-like formation on the banks of the [[Shilabati River]] is rich in mythology and history.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://wbtourismgov.in/destination/attractions_activities/paschim_medinipur | title =Attractions of Paschim Medinipur | work =Gangani | publisher =Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal | access-date =17 September 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Garhbeta I block/ panchayat samiti are: Agra, Amkopa, Amlagora, Baramura, Benachapra, Dhadika, Garanga, Garhbeta, Kadrauttarbil, Kharkusma, Sandhipur and Shyamnagar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Garhbeta I CD block had a population of 228,513, of which 218,239 were rural and only 10,274 were urban. There were 116.620 (51%) males and 111,893 (49%) females. Population in the age-range 0–6 years was 28,076. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 55,133 (24.13%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 18,134 (7.93%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, Garhbeta I block had a total population of 200,393, out of which 102,687 were males and 97,706 were females. Garhbeta I block registered a population growth of 18.59 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in Garhbeta I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Garbeta]] (5,109) and [[Amlagora]] (5,165).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Garhbeta I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Khar Kusum (5,428) and Lapuria (4,787).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Garhbeta I CD block include (2011census figures in brackets): Bera Chapra (2,079), Agra (1,042), Dhadhika (2,566), Shyamnagar (1,565), Garanga (1,179) and Amkopa (396).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate people in Garhbeta I CD block was 144,728 (72.21% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 80,544 (78.80% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 64,184 (65.41% of the female population over 6 years).The gender gap in literacy rates was 13.39%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Languages and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Garhbeta I CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|75.05}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|22.21}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|maroon|2.58}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.16}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 171,514 and formed 75.05% of the population in Garhbeta I CD block. Muslims numbered 50,743 and formed 22.21% of the population. Others numbered 6,256 and formed 2.74% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Christians and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 78.15%, Muslims 20.18% and tribal religions 3.15% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Garhbeta I CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 92.72 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 6.79 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.49 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 92.72% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 6.79% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==BPL families==
In Garhbeta I CD block 36.17% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011|page=177 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I CD blocks have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl/>

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
303 or 82% of mouzas in Garhbeta I CD block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref>

308 mouzas in Garhbeta I CD block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 304 fertiliser depots, 485 seed stores and 53 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Garhbeta I CD block'''
|value1 = 5.42
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 28.40
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 4.51
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 21.27
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 40.39
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal|date=2009| access-date = 7 August 2016}}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Garhbeta I CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 5.42%, patta (document) holders 28.40%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 4.51%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 21.27% and agricultural labourers 40.39%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Garhbeta I CD block was 18,452 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 17,826 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite book| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | date = May 2011 |chapter=Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods|pages=129–131 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Garhbeta I CD block was 18,960 hectares, out of which 800 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 510 hectares by tank water, 6,615 hectares by deep tubewells, 9,655 hectares by shallow tube wells, 340 hectares by river lift irrigation, 380 hectares by open dug wells and 660 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD block produced 34,153 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 19,350 hectares, 5,126 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 2,443 hectares, 1,556 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 522 hectares, 86 tonnes of wheat from 40 hectares and 72,472 tonnes of potatoes from 5,789 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD block had offices of 11 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Garhbeta I CD block has 9 ferry services and 18 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The Kharagpur-Adra line of South Eastern Railway passes through this CD block and there are two stations at [[Garbeta railway station|Garbeta]] & Bogri Road.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/kharagpur-adra-passenger-58601-kgp-to-adra/5528/167/956 |title = 58601 Kharagpur-Adra Passenger |work= Time Table |publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 25 July 2016}}</ref>

[[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]], (old numbering [[National Highway 60 (India, old numbering)|NH 60]]), running from Morgram (in Murshidabad district) to Kharagpur (in Paschim Medinipur district), passes through this CD block.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=5 August 2016|location=New Delhi|archive-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD block had 180 primary schools with 14,190 students, 22 middle schools with 2,184 students, 7 high schools with 6,728 students and 15 higher secondary schools with 17,955 students. Garhbeta I CD block had 1 general college with 1,925 students and 435 institutions for special and non-formal education with 17,780 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Garhbeta I CD block out of the total 177 primary schools in 2008-2009, 102 had pucca buildings, 10 partially pucca, 3 kacha and 62 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | date = May 2011|page=60 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Garhbeta College]] was established at [[Garbeta]] in 1948 and is affiliated to [[Vidyasagar University]]. It offers honours in English, Bengali, history, philosophy, geography, physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany and zoology.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/GarhbetaCollege/Garhbeta_College.shtml | title = Garhbeta College | publisher = GC | access-date = 5 January 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Garhbeta I CD block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres, and 1 private nursing home with total 85 beds and 7 doctors. It had 37 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 9,424 patients were treated indoor and 138,809 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Garbeta Rural Hospital, with 60 beds at [[Garbeta]] is the major government facility in the Garhbeta I CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Sandhipur (with 10 beds), Parbatipur (PO Kharkusma)(with 6 beds) and Nohari (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 September 2020 | archive-date = 8 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 September 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Serajuddin Ahmad]], MLA for Midnapore

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Garhbeta I - Revision history

Shah am at 00:22, 18 February 2026