>Wesedit1 at 18:30, 20 May 2021

2021-05-20T18:30:41Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Garhmukteshwar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|48|N|78|06|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hapur district|Hapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Mukteshwar Mahadev
| government_type = Municipal Board
| governing_body = Elected
| leader_title = Municipal board Chairperson
| leader_name = Sona Singh
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| area_magnitude= km2 = Almost 46000
| population_total = 46077
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 245205
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 5731
| registration_plate = UP-37
| website = http://www.nppgarhmukteshwar.com
| footnotes =
}}
Garhmukteshwar is a [[Tehsil]] / Block (CD) in [[Hapur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, India. According to Census 2011 information the sub-district code of Garhmukteshwar block is 00741. Total area of Garhmukteshwar is 272 km2 including 237.38 km2 rural area and 34.13 km2 urban area. Garhmukteshwar has a population of 3,84,831 peoples. There are 64,688 houses in the [[Subdistrict|sub-district]]. There are about 137 [[Village|villages]] in Garhmukteshwar block.

==History==
Garhmukteshwar is an ancient place that is mentioned in the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. There are claims that it was a part of ancient [[Hastinapur]], the capital of the [[Pandava]]s. An ancient fort, repaired by the [[Maratha]] leader Mir Bhawan, became, under the British, the headquarters of the tehsil. The name of the town is derived from the temple of Mukteshwar Mahadeva, dedicated to the goddess [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] who is worshipped there in four temples. The town has 80 [[Sati (practice)|sati]] pillars, marking the spots where Hindu widows are said to have become Sati-Mata. The town also has a mosque, built by Gays-ud-din Balban, that bears an inscription in Arabic dating to 682 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] (1283 A.D.).<ref name=NPPGAbout>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.nppgarhmukteshwar.com/aboutus.php |website=Nagar Palika Parishad Garhmukteshwar |access-date=13 August 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402045716/http://www.nppgarhmukteshwar.com/aboutus.php |archivedate=2015-04-02}}</ref>

===Partition violence===
Garhmukteshwar was the scene of major [[Anti-Muslim violence in India|anti-Muslim violence]] in November 1946, at a time when various areas of [[British India]] were experiencing significant communal unrest as the [[Partition of India|partition of the country]] into India and Pakistan loomed. [[Gyanendra Pandey]] describes the place as "a metaphor for the atrocities of Partition; and Partition itself a metaphor for the kind of extraordinary genocidal violence that was not witnessed again in India, perhaps until 1984".<ref>{{cite book |title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India |first=Gyanendra |last=Pandey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780521002509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C&pg=PA92 |page=92}}</ref> A [[mela]] (fair) held {{convert|3|mi|km}} from the town was attended by between 700,000 - 800,000 people and on 6 November 1946 there were a series of attacks on Muslim shopkeepers at the event, resulting in 46 deaths and a further 39 people injured. The assaults and also [[arson]] attacks continued on and off for several days at the mela, while the town of Garhmukteshwar itself witnessed a large number of anti-Muslim atrocities, including killings, arson and the destruction of the Muslim quarter. Official reports gave the Muslim death toll in the town as at least 214 people, and there were also quite a lot Hindu deaths in retaliatory attacks.<ref name="Pandeyp94">{{cite book |title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India |first=Gyanendra |last=Pandey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780521002509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C&pg=PA94 |pages=94–98}}</ref>

Official investigations into violence in Uttar Pradesh at that time note that there was a "desire for revenge" among both Hindus and Muslims, resulting from news of similar violence in [[Great Calcutta Killings|Calcutta]].<ref name="Pandeyp94" />

==Climate==

{{Main|Climate of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{climate chart
|Garhmukteshwar
| 8.0|20.0|20
| 11.0|24.0|25
|16.0|30.0|25
|21.0|37.0|10
|26.0|40.0|41
|28.0|38.0|97
|27.0|35.0|190
|27.0|34.0|207
|25.0|34.0|134
|19.0|33.0|12
|13.0|28.0|4
| 8.0|23.0|10
|source=[https://archive.is/20130209124914/http://www.worldweatheronline.com/weather-averages/India/1017584/Meerut-City/1037309/info.aspx World Weather Service]
|float=right
|clear=none
}}
Garhmukteshwar has a [[monsoon]] influenced [[humid subtropical]] climate characterized by very hot summers and cool winters. Summers last from early April to late June during and are extremely hot, with temperatures reaching {{convert|43|C|F}}.<ref name=ch3>{{cite web|title=Chapter 3 – Findings: Metro Cities of India|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf|publisher=Central Pollution Control Board|access-date=1 April 2011|pages=63|format=pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210838/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-23|url-status=dead|df=}}</ref> The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the town then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March<ref name=ch3/> Lowest temperature recorded is {{convert|0.5|C|F}}.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}}
Rainfall is about 80 cm to 100 cm per annum, which is suitable for growing crops. Most of the rainfall is received during the [[monsoon]]. Humidity varies from 30 to 100%.<ref name=ch3/> The town receives no snow.

{{Clear}}
{{Weather box 
|collapsed=
|metric first= Yes
|single line= Yes
|location= Garhmukteshwar



|Jan record high C= 29
|Feb record high C= 32
|Mar record high C= 39
|Apr record high C= 43
|May record high C= 45
|Jun record high C= 46
|Jul record high C= 44
|Aug record high C= 40
|Sep record high C= 39
|Oct record high C= 38
|Nov record high C= 34
|Dec record high C= 30
|year record high C= 46

|Jan high C= 22
|Feb high C= 26
|Mar high C= 30
|Apr high C= 38
|May high C= 43
|Jun high C= 42
|Jul high C= 40
|Aug high C= 36
|Sep high C= 37
|Oct high C= 32
|Nov high C= 29
|Dec high C= 25
|year high C=

|Jan low C= 5
|Feb low C= 8
|Mar low C= 12
|Apr low C= 15
|May low C= 19
|Jun low C= 21
|Jul low C= 22
|Aug low C= 22
|Sep low C= 19
|Oct low C= 15
|Nov low C= 10
|Dec low C= 6
|year low C=


|Jan record low C= -2.5
|Feb record low C= -1
|Mar record low C= 2
|Apr record low C= 8
|May record low C= 15
|Jun record low C= 17
|Jul record low C= 16
|Aug record low C= 19
|Sep record low C= 15
|Oct record low C= 10
|Nov record low C= 1
|Dec record low C= 0
|year record low C= -2.5


|Jan rain mm= 24
|Feb rain mm= 18
|Mar rain mm= 10
|Apr rain mm= 5
|May rain mm= 15
|Jun rain mm= 54
|Jul rain mm= 248
|Aug rain mm= 332
|Sep rain mm= 138
|Oct rain mm= 42
|Nov rain mm= 3
|Dec rain mm= 8
|year rain mm= 897


|Jan humidity= 79
|Feb humidity= 70
|Mar humidity= 59
|Apr humidity= 42
|May humidity= 41
|Jun humidity= 58
|Jul humidity= 80
|Aug humidity= 84
|Sep humidity= 77
|Oct humidity= 68
|Nov humidity= 67
|Dec humidity= 75
|year humidity=

|unit rain days= 
|Jan rain days= 2
|Feb rain days= 1
|Mar rain days= 1
|Apr rain days= 0
|May rain days= 1
|Jun rain days= 3
|Jul rain days= 9
|Aug rain days= 11
|Sep rain days= 4
|Oct rain days= 1
|Nov rain days= 0
|Dec rain days= 0
|year rain days= 33

|source 1= Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India<ref name=mausam>{{cite web|title=India Weather On Web |url=http://www.mausam.gov.in/WEBIMD/ClimatologicalAction.do?function=getStationDetails&actionParam=1&param=2&station=Meerut |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=5 April 2011 |page=1 |format=XHTML 1.0 Transitional }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|date=April 2011}}

==Demographics==
Garhmukhteshwar has a population of 46,077 of which 24,437 are males and 21,640 are females, per the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 – Uttar Pradesh – District Census Handbook – Ghaziabad |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0909_PART_B_DCHB_GHAZIABAD.pdf |page=32 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operation – Uttar Pradesh, Janganana Bhawan |access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>

==Location==
Garhmukteshwar is situated on [[National Highway 9 (India)|National Highway 9]], which connects it to [[New Delhi]], which is around {{convert|100|km|mi}} away, and puts the town, which is {{convert|5|km|mi}} from the [[Ganges River]], on a direct route from India's capital city to that river.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

==Railways==
There are two railway stations in the city, named Garhmukteshwar and Garhmukteshwar Bridge (Brijghat). Both stations are situated on the [[Delhi–Moradabad line]].

==Attractions==
* The ancient Ganga Temple once had around 100 steps leading down to the river. 85 of these are still intact. Devotees from all around the country come to the temple to witness the Ganges and the white stone idol of Brahma.
* Mukteshwar Mahadev Temple is an ancient [[Shiva]] temple in the town. It has Shiva lingam in the temple which is believed to have been constructed by the sage Parshuram.
* Nahush Koop is a well whose water comes from the Ganges. King Nahush performed a [[yajna]] here.
* Meerabai ki Reti is a tourist destination located just opposite to the Mukteshwar temple. It is a sandy stretch of land where, according to folklore, Meerabai used to stay and offer prayers.
* Brijghat has many temples like as Vedant Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, Amrit Parisar.
* Sidhnath Baba Shiv Temple, a Mahabharat era temple situated on Madhya Ganga Nahar Road, Jhadina Village.

==See also==
* [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Siyana]]
* [[Bulandshahr]]
* [[Gajraula]]
* [[Amroha]]
* [[Hapur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hapur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hapur district]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1946]]

Garhmukteshwar - Revision history

>Wesedit1 at 18:30, 20 May 2021