https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Gauda_and_KunbiGauda and Kunbi - Revision history2026-07-31T05:54:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Gauda_and_Kunbi&diff=398518&oldid=prevAjay Kumar at 14:42, 23 July 20232023-07-23T14:42:16Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{about|the [[Gauḍa brahmins|Gauda]] and [[Kunbi]] communities in Goa|other groups labeled ''Kunbi''|Kunbi (disambiguation)}}<br />
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
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'''Gaudas''' and '''Kunbis''' are aboriginal people residing in the coastal Indian state of [[Goa]]. They are believed to be the original inhabitants of [[Konkan]]. Most follow [[folk Hinduism]], but many were converted to [[Catholicism]] by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] missionaries during the [[Christianisation of Goa]] while still keeping their folk tradition and culture alive.<ref><br />
{{cite news<br />
|date=22 January 2017<br />
|first=Rajendra<br />
|last=Kerkar<br />
|title=Back to the cradle of tribal civilization<br />
|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/goa/back-to-the-cradle-of-tribal-civilization/articleshow/56709454.cms<br />
|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
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[[File:kunbi.PNG|thumb|Kunbis of Goa, wearing traditional clothing]]<br />
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==Current social status==<br />
They are categorised as Scheduled Tribes by Government of India along with Velip community. Original Gaud (गौड) community is now known as Gawada (गावडा) community.<ref>Gazette of India Extra-ordinary part-II, section-I dated 08-01-2003 by Ministry of Law and Justice and Official Gazette of Government of Goa, Supplement Series – I, No.3 dated 17-04-2003.</ref><br />
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==Modern organisations==<br />
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Gaudas, Kunbis, Velip and another shepherding tribe called the [[Dhangar]], have organised themselves into an aboriginal-focussed network, called ''The Gauda, Kunbi, Velip and Dhangar Federation'' (GAKUVED). Another [[Adivasi]]-rights resource center, called ''MAND'', also works for their betterment.<ref name="gakuved">{{cite book|last=Mani|first=Kalanand|author2=Frederick Noronha|author2-link=Frederick Noronha|title=Picture-Postcard Poverty: Unheard voices, forgotten issues from rural Goa|publisher=Goa1556|year=2008|series=Poverty,Rural poor,Social Science / Poverty|page=9|isbn=978-81-905682-8-9 |id={{ISBN|9788190568289}}}}</ref><br />
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==Shuddhi movement==<br />
In the late 1920s, prominent Goan Hindu Brahmins requested Vinayak Maharaj Masurkar, the prelate of a [[Vaishnava]] [[ashram]] in [[Masur, India|Masur]], [[Satara district]]; to actively campaign for the 're-conversion' of Catholic Gaudas to Hinduism.<ref name="Masurkar">{{harvnb|Kreinath|Hartung|Deschner|2004|p=163}}</ref> Masurkar accepted, and together with his disciples, subsequently toured Gauda villages singing devotional ''[[bhakti]]'' songs and performing ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]s''.<ref name="Masurkar"/> <br />
On 23 February 1928, many Catholic Gaudas were re-converted to Hinduism notwithstanding the opposition of the Church and the Portuguese government.<ref name=shuddhi>{{cite book|last=Ghai|first=R. K.|title=Shuddhi movement in India: a study of its socio-political dimensions|year=1990|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|isbn= 9788171690428|page=103}}</ref> The converts were given Hindu names but the Portuguese government put impediments in their way to get legal sanction to their new Hindu names.<ref name=opo>{{cite book|last=Ralhan|first=Om Prakash|title=Post-independence India: Indian National Congress, Volumes 33-50|year=1998|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn= 9788174888655|pages=304–305}}</ref> 4851 Catholics from [[Tiswadi]], 2174 from [[Ponda, India|Ponda]], 250 from [[Bicholim]] and 329 from [[Sattari]] Catholic Gaudas were re-converted to Hinduism after nearly 400 years. The total number of the converts to Hinduism was 7815.<ref name=godbole>{{cite book |last=Godbole |first=Shriranga |title=Sanskrutik Vartapatra |language=marathi |year=2010 |publisher=Sanskrutik Vartapatra |location=Pune |pages=61–66}}</ref> The existing Hindu Gauda community refused to accept these neo-Hindus back into their fold because their Catholic ancestors had not maintained caste purity, and the neo-Hindus were now alienated by their former Catholic coreligionists.<ref>{{harvnb|Shirodkar|Mandal|1993|p=23}}</ref> These neo-Hindus developed into a separate endogamous community, and are now referred to as ''Nav-Hindu Gaudas'' (New Hindu Gaudas).<ref name="Gauda">{{harvnb|Lusotopie|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-0qpQGi0R4C&pg=PA458 458]}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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===Works cited===<br />
* {{Cite book |last3=Deschner |first3=Annette |last2=Hartung |first2=Constance |last1=Kreinath |first1=Jens |editor3-last=Deschner |editor3-first=Annette |editor2-last=Hartung |editor2-first=Constance |editor1-last=Kreinath |editor1-first=Jens |title=The dynamics of changing rituals: the transformation of religious rituals within their social and cultural context |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8204-6826-6}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Lusophonies asiatiques, Asiatiques en lusophonies |date=1 January 2001 |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |isbn=978-2-84586-146-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-0qpQGi0R4C&pg=PA458 |ref={{harvid|Lusotopie|2001}} |language=fr}}<br />
* {{Citation |last1=Shirodkar |first1=Dr Prakashchandra |last2=Mandal |first2=H. K. |title=Anthropological Survey of India |volume=21: Goa |series=People of India |editor=Kumar Suresh Singh |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7154-760-9}}<br />
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{{Ethnic and social groups of Goa and Konkan}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gauda And Kunbi}}<br />
[[Category:Goan society]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in Goa]]<br />
[[Category:Indian castes]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Goa]]</div>Ajay Kumar