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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Gaya, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gaya district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Great Buddha Statue, Bodh Gaya 2017.jpg
| image_caption = [[Great Buddha (Bodh Gaya)|Great Buddha]], Bodh Gaya
| image_map = Bihar district location map Gaya.svg
| map_caption = Location of Gaya district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Gaya, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Magadh division|Magadh]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gaya, India|Gaya]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 24
| area_total_km2 = 4976
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 43,597,00
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 63.67per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 932
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]], [[National Highway 82 (India)|NH 82]], [[National Highway 83 (India, old numbering)|NH 83]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 = . Xml. 447/}
| website = {{URL|https://gaya.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Gaya''' is one of the thirty-eight [[districts of Bihar]] state, India. It was officially established on 3 October 1865. The district has a common boundary with the state of [[Jharkhand]] to the south. [[Gaya, India|Gaya city]] is both the district headquarters and the second-largest city in Bihar.

==History==
Gaya finds mention in the great epics, [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]]. [[Rama|Ram]] along with [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmana|Lakshman]] visited Gaya for offering ''Pind-Daan'' to their father [[Dasharath]]. In [[Mahabharata]], the place has been identified as Gayapuri. About the origin of the name ‘Gaya' as referred to in [[Vayu Purana]] is that Gaya was the name of a demon (Asura) whose body was pious after he performed rigid penance and secured blessings from [[Vishnu]]. It was said that the Gayasura's body would continue to be known as Gaya Kshetra.

Gaya has experienced the rise and fall of many dynasties in the Magadh Region. From the 6th century BC to the 18th century AD, about 2300–2400 years, Gaya has been occupying an important place in the cultural history of the region. It opened up with the [[Shaishunaga dynasty]] founded by [[Shishunaga]], who exercised power over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. [[Bimbisara]], fifth in line, who lived and ruled around 519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of [[Gautam Buddha]] and Bhagwan [[Mahavir]] during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of [[Nanda dynasty]], Gaya and the entire [[Magadha]] region came under the [[Mauryan]] rule with [[Ashoka]] (272 BC – 232 BC) embracing [[Buddhism]]. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at [[Bodh Gaya]] to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.

The period of Hindu revivalism commenced with the coming of the Guptas during the 4th and 5th century A.D. [[Samudragupta]] of Magadh helped to bring Gaya in limelight. It was the headquarters of Behar district during the [[Gupta empire]].

Gaya then passed on to the [[Pala Empire]] with [[Gopala (Pala king)|Gopala]] as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built during the reign of [[Dharmapala]], son of Gopala.

Gaya was in the 12th century invaded by [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. But the Hindu rulers defeated his generals later. The place finally passed on to the Britishers after the [[battle of Buxar]] in 1764. Gaya district, along with other parts of the country, won freedom in 1947. Gaya is also the birthplace of eminent <ref>{{cite web |url=http://touristplaces.org/gaya |title=GAYA Tourist Guide| Tourist places near Gaya, Travel Guide |access-date=2017-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033908/http://touristplaces.org/gaya |archive-date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> nationalist & the first [[Deputy Chief Minister]] of Bihar [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha|Dr. Anugrah Narain Sinha]].

Gaya formed a part of the district of Behar and Ramgarh till 1864. It was given the status of independent district in 1865.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/gaya-celebrates-154th-establishment-day/articleshow/66059602.cms|title=Gaya celebrates 154th establishment day}}</ref> Subsequently, in May 1981, Magadh Division was created by the Bihar State Government with the districts of Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad and Jehanabad. All these districts were at the level of sub-division when the Gaya district was created in 1865.

Gaya has seen three districts partitioned off from its territory: [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]] and [[Nawada district|Nawada]] in 1976,<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 2011-10-17 }}</ref> and [[Jehanabad district|Jehanabad]] in 1988.<ref name='Statoids'/>

It is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115807/http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |archive-date=2011-10-27 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Gaya district occupies an area of {{convert|4976|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book|title=India 2010: A Reference Annual|last1=Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.)|publisher=Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]]|year=2010|isbn=978-81-230-1617-7|edition=54th|location=New Delhi, India|pages=1118–1119|chapter=States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to the island of [[Trinidad]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Trinidad 5,009km2 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://archive.is/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | archive-date = 2015-12-01 }}</ref>

'''Headquarters''': Gaya 
'''Area:Total''' 4,976 km2 '''Rural''': 4891.48 '''Urban''': 84.52 
'''Temperature''': minimum 0.8 (2002 AD) degree C – maximum 49.8 (1996) degree C 
'''Rivers''': [[Falgu River|Falgu]]

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Gaya one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|poorest districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Divisions==

===Sub Divisions===
Gaya District comprises 4 Sub-divisions:
*Gaya Sadar
*[[Tekari]]
*Neemchak Bathani
*[[Sherghati]]

=== Blocks/Mandals/Taluka ===
Gaya district consists of 24 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Gaya district:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=15em|
#[[Gaya Sadar]]
#[[Belaganj]]
#[[Wazirganj]]
#[[Manpur, Bihar|Manpur]]
#[[Bodh Gaya]]
#[[Tankuppa]]
#[[Fatehpur, Gaya|Fatehpur]]
#[[Konch]]
#[[Tekari]]
#[[Guraru]]
#[[Paraiya]]
#[[Khizersarai]]
#[[Atri, Gaya|Atri]]
#[[Bathani]]
#[[Muhra|Mohra]]
#[[Gurua]]
#[[Amas, Bihar|Amas]]
#[[Bankey Bazar]]
#[[Imamganj]]
#[[Dumaria, Gaya district|Dumaria]]
#[[Sherghati]]
#[[Dobhi]]
#[[Mohanpur, Gaya|Mohanpur]]
#[[Barachatti]]}}

==Flora and fauna==
In 1976 Gaya district became home to the [[Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|260|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Bihar |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gaya District<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/88-gaya.html|title=Gaya District Religion Census 2011|work=Census2011|access-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213932/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/88-gaya.html|archive-date=26 April 2018}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|89.27}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhist]]|Yellow|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Muslims|Green|8.44}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|1.07}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Others|Grey|0.02}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Gaya district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 4,391,418,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 2011-06-11 }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Moldova]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Moldova 4,314,377 July 2011 est. | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-date = 27 September 2011 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Kentucky]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Kentucky 4,339,367
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=October 19, 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 42nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 880 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.08%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Gaya has a [[sex ratio]] of 932 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.35%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 51.36% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 41.37% [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and 7.04% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,91,096|13=1911|14=8,29,139|15=1921|16=8,26,039|17=1931|18=9,16,408|19=1941|20=10,64,854|21=1951|22=11,78,093|23=1961|24=13,92,472|25=1971|26=17,25,583|27=1981|28=21,50,406|29=1991|30=26,64,803|31=2001|32=34,73,428|33=2011|34=43,91,418|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Education==
{{main|Education in India}}
Schools in Gaya are either government run schools or private schools. Schools mainly use [[Hindi]] or English as the medium of instruction. The schools are affiliated with the [[Bihar School Examination Board]], the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE) or the [[National Institute of Open Schooling]] (NIOS).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/bihar-failed-students-nios/1/691289.html |title=Bihar: Failed in Board exam, now students queue up at NIOS |date=2016-06-14 |access-date=2017-12-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104153630/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/bihar-failed-students-nios/1/691289.html |archive-date=2017-11-04 }}</ref> Under the 10+2+3/4 plan, after completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in a school with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the BSEB, the NIOS or the CBSE. Students usually choose from one of three streams — liberal arts, commerce, or science, though vocational streams are also available. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enroll in general or professional degree programmed.

===Schools===
*Haridas seminary(Town School)
*Zila School(zila ucch vidyalaya)
*Mahaveer School
*T Model school
*Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Gaya
*Creane Memorial High School
*Nazareth Academy
*Takshila School, Gaya
*Elegant Public School
*Royal academy, Bara, Manpur
*Baal Bhawan School
*Shanti Niketan Academy
*Kirk View
*Shatabdi Public School
*Secondary Delhi Public School
*Delhi Public School, Dubhal
*D.A.V. Public School, Cantt area
*D.A.V. public school, Rotary campus
*Army Public School, Cantt area
*City Public School, Manpur
*D.A.V. Public school, Manpur, Kaiya, Gaya
*Sonu Lal Barnwal Girl's School, Gaya
*RJS International School, Wazirganj
*Gyan Bharti Public School, Tekari
*National Public School, Tekari
*RD public school, Tekari
*Magadh international school, Tekari
*The North Face Public School
*Jai hind public school
*British English School, Manpur
*St. Patrick School, Nawagarhi, Gaya
*T.model school, Gaya
*Natural study point Manpur Gaya
*Manav Bharti National School
*H.H.M Public School
Guardian public school , cherki
*AL-momin international school

==See also==

* [[List of districts of Bihar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://gaya.bih.nic.in Official Website of district]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231846/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/gaya/index.php Gaya Information Portal]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Gaya district
|North = [[Jehanabad district]]
|Northeast = [[Nalanda district]]
|East = [[Nawada district]]
|Southeast = [[Koderma district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|South = [[Hazaribagh district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[Chatra district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|Southwest = [[Palamu district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|West = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]]
|Northwest = [[Arwal district]]
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Magadh Division}}
{{Magadh Division topics}}

{{coord|24|45|N|85|00|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gaya district| ]]
[[Category:Magadh division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:1865 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Aspirational Districts in India]]

Gaya district - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 23:06, 13 August 2023