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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gelensiniak
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = 
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3722|93.4835|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Indian state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Upper Subansiri
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Circle]]
| subdivision_name3 = Takking
| website = 
}}
'''Gelensiniak''',{{efn|The name has also been spelt as '''Gelenshiniak'''{{sfnp|Sinha & Athale, History of the Conflict with China|1992}} and '''Gelinceniak'''.{{sfnp|Upper Subansiri District Census Handbook|2011|p=79}}}} or ''Geling Sinyik'',<ref name="Arpi pure crystal">{{citation |last=Arpi |first=Claude |chapter=The Pure Crystal Mountain Pilgrimage of Tsari |title=1962: The McMahon Line Saga |isbn=9781935501404 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |date=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-Lmt7J-vYgC}}</ref>
is a village in the [[Limeking Circle]] of the [[Upper Subansiri district]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India, close to the region's border with Tibet. The '''Gelen'''<ref name="Vinayak Bhat">
Vinayak Bhat, [https://theprint.in/defence/south-china-sea-to-the-himalayas-chinas-salami-slicing-now-reaches-arunachal/73316/ Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks], The Print, 22 June 2018. Uses the full form '''Gelen Bung'''.
</ref> or '''Gelling'''{{sfnp|Krishnatry, Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh|2005|pp=2-3}} river (called [[Tsari Chu]] in Tibet) flows down from [[Migyitun]] and [[Longju]] and joins the [[Subansiri River]] here. Gelensiniak is strategically located between [[Longju]], [[Taksing]] and [[Limeking]]. The region is populated by the Mara clan of [[Tagin people]].{{efn|The original name is spelt "Mra". The Tibetans called them "Morang Lopa".<ref name="Arpi pure crystal"/> The term "Marabai" was also used.<ref name="Arpi Chinese village"/>}}

Behind Gelensiniak, on a vertical cliff top is a flat area known as '''Tame Chung Chung''' ("place of snakes",<ref>
Harish Kapadia, [https://www.harishkapadia.com/climbs-explorations/arunachal-pradesh/secrets-of-subansiri/ Secrets of Subansiri], The Himalayan Journal, Volume 62, 2005.
</ref> abbreviated '''TCC'''),{{efn|The name is also spelt '''Tama Chung Chung'''.}} which hosts military camps for Indian border troops. Until road access to the Tame Chung Chung was built by the [[Border Roads Organisation]] in 2018, the camps were supplied only by helicopters.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BRO extends road connectivity upto Taksing in China border |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/bro-extends-road-connectivity-upto-taksing-in-china-border/articleshow/64206177.cms |date=17 May 2018}}</ref><ref>
Niharika Mandhana, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-moves-mountains-to-build-military-road-to-china-border-1491384609 India Moves Mountains to Build Military Road to China Border], The Wall Street Journal, 5 April 2017.
</ref><ref>
[https://apps.sentinel-hub.com/eo-browser/?zoom=15&lat=28.36689&lng=93.47001&themeId=DEFAULT-THEME&datasetId=S2L2A&fromTime=2020-05-28T00%3A00%3A00.000Z&toTime=2020-05-28T23%3A59%3A59.999Z&layerId=1_TRUE_COLOR&visualizationUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.sentinel-hub.com%2Fogc%2Fwms%2Fbd86bcc0-f318-402b-a145-015f85b9427e Satellite image of the road to Tame Chung Chung], EO Browser, 28 May 2020.
</ref> Distance of [[India-China Border Roads|India-China Border Road]] constructed in 2018 from Gelensiniak (Tama Chung Chung) to [[Taksing]] is 80 km.<ref name=Te1>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/bro-creates-history-through-road-link-to-china-border-118051700535_1.html BRO creates history through road link to China border], Business Standard, 2018.</ref>

== Name ==
The name "Geling Sinyik" evidently denotes the confluence of the two rivers: ''Geling'', i.e., the [[Tsari Chu]] river, and ''Sinik'', i.e., the [[Subansiri River]].{{sfnp|Krishnatry, Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh|2005|p=100}}

== History ==
{{OSM Location map
| float = right
| height= 250
| width= 275
| zoom = 9 
| coord = {{coord|28.55|93.25}}
| nolabels = 1
| caption = Dakpa Sheri mountain and the locations marking the ''rongkor'' pilgrimage{{Sfn|Huber, The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain|1999|p=95}}<ref name="Arpi Chinese village">{{cite news |last1=Arpi |first1=Claude |author1-link=Claude Arpi |title=Chinese village in Arunachal: India must speak up! |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/claude-arpi-chinese-village-in-arunachal-india-must-speak-up/20210121.htm |access-date=23 January 2021 |work=Rediff |date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

|mark-coord ={{coord|28.60071|93.22632}} |label=Dakpa Sheri |label-size=11 |label-pos=top |mark-size=10 |mark=Triangle black.svg |mark-title=[[Dakpa Sheri]] |mark-description=Dakpa Sheri

|mark-coord2={{coord|28.5405505|93.1791981}} |label2=Potrang |label-size2=11 |label-pos2=bottom |mark-size2=6 |mark2=Blue pog.svg |mark-title2=Potrang |mark-description2=Sacred lake

|mark-coord4={{coord|28.6331911|93.0731067}} |label4=Yume |label-size4=11 |label-pos4=left |mark-size4=6 |mark4=Red pog.svg |mark-title4=Yume |mark-description4=

|mark-coord6={{coord|28.4345031|93.2038913}} |label6=Taksing|label-size6=11 |label-pos6=right |mark-size6=6 |mark6=Red pog.svg |mark-title6=[[Taksing]] |mark-description6=

|mark-coord8={{coord|28.6404479|93.3817051}} |label8=Longju |label-size8=11 |label-pos8=bottom |mark-size8=6 |mark8=Red pog.svg |mark-title8=[[Longju]] |mark-description8=

|mark-coord9={{coord|28.3721762|93.4835391}} |label9=Gelensiniak |label-size9=11 |label-pos9=bottom |mark-size9=6 |mark9=Red pog.svg |mark-title9=Gelensiniak |mark-description9=

|mark-coord10={{coord|28.660275|93.373529}} |label10=Migyitun |label-size10=11 |label-pos10=right |mark-size10=6 |mark10=Red pog.svg |mark-title10=[[Migyitun]] |mark-description10=

|mark-coord11={{coord|28.6789045|93.2532511}} |label11=Chikchar|label-size11=11 |label-pos11=left |mark-size11=6 |mark11=Red pog.svg |mark-title11=Chikchar |mark-description11=

|mark-coord15={{coord|28.7180216|93.0519733}} |label15=Chosam|label-size15=11 |label-pos15=right |mark-size15=6 |mark15=Red pog.svg |mark-title15=Chosam |mark-description15=

|mark-coord21={{coord|28.6916|93.3306}} |label21=Tsari Chu|label-size21=11 |label-pos21=right |mark-size21=12 |mark21=AS-rzeka-icon.svg |mark-title21=Tsari Chu |mark-description21=

|mark-coord22={{coord|28.4159|93.0841}} |label22=Subansiri|label-size22=11 |label-pos22=bottom |mark-size22=12 |mark22=AS-rzeka-icon.svg |mark-title22=[[Subansiri River]] |mark-description22=

|mark-coord23={{coord|28.5309|93.1026}} |label23=Yume Chu|label-size23=11 |label-pos23=left |mark-size23=12 |mark23=AS-rzeka-icon.svg |mark-title23=Yume Chu |mark-description23=

}}

=== Tsari pilgrimage ===
Gelensiniak lies on the route of the 12-yearly Tsari pilgrimage of the Tibetans around the [[Dakpa Sheri]] mountain. The pilgrimage went down the [[Tsari Chu]] valley up to Gelensiniak and returned via the Subansiri valley, back into the Tibetan territory.{{sfnp|Huber, The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain|1999|p=143}}

The last Tsari pilgrimage was conducted in 1956, after which the [[Sino-Indian border dispute|Sino-Indian border conflict]] put a stop to the relations between the two regions.{{sfnp|Huber, The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain|1999|p=147}}

=== Sino-Indian border conflict ===
After the [[1959 Tibetan uprising]], Chinese troops arrived in Tibet in large numbers and started militarising the border. The Indian border post at [[Longju]], near [[Migyitun]], was attacked and driven out. India withdrew the border post to [[Maja, Arunachal Pradesh|Maja]].{{sfnp|Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill|2015}}

At the beginning of 1962, the Chinese activity along the border increased again.{{sfnp|Sinha & Athale, History of the Conflict with China|1992|p=262}} On 23 October, the [[Sino-Indian War|war]] began with the Chinese troops attacking with superior force. The Asaphila post, manned by [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]], lost one [[Junior Commissioned Officer|JCO]] and 17 other ranks. After this, all the Indian border posts were ordered to withdraw to [[Taliha]]. It is believed that the Chinese would have occupied all the vacated posts.{{sfnp|Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill|2015}} On 16 November, two thousand Chinese troops were found in the Gelensiniak area equipped with heavy weaponry.{{sfnp|Sinha & Athale, History of the Conflict with China|1992|p=267}}

After the war, the Chinese withdrew to their previous positions, except that they retained possession of the [[Longju]] area in the Tsari Chu valley.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |title=Upper Subansiri District Census Handbook, Part A |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Arunachal Pradesh |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/12/1205_PART_A_DCHB_UPPER%20SUBANSIRI.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Upper Subansiri District Census Handbook|2011}}}}
* {{citation |last=Huber |first=Toni |title=The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ac4PUrEtVtsC |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535313-6 |ref={{sfnref|Huber, The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain|1999}}}}
* {{citation |last=Johri |first=Sitaram |title=Chinese Invasion of NEFA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZc5AQAAIAAJ |year=1965 |publisher=Himalaya Publications |ref={{sfnref|Johri, Chinese Invasion of NEFA|1965}}}}
* {{citation |last=Krishnatry |first=S. M. |title=Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh: Unarmed Expedition 1956 |publisher=National Book Trust |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-237-4460-5 |url=http://pahar.in/?wpfb_dl=19901 |ref={{sfnref|Krishnatry, Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh|2005}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Sandhu |first1=P. J. S. |last2=Shankar |first2=Vinay |last3=Dwivedi |first3=G. G. |title=1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boBNCgAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-84464-37-0 |ref={{sfnref|Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill|2015}}}}
* {{citation |first1=P.B. |last1=Sinha |first2=A.A. |last2=Athale |first3=S. N. |last3=Prasad |title=History of the Conflict with China, 1962 |publisher=History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India |year=1992 |url=http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/collections/coll_india/documents/WarWithChina_1962_000.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Sinha & Athale, History of the Conflict with China|1992}}}}

[[Category:Villages in Upper Subansiri district]]
[[Category:Borders of Arunachal Pradesh]]

Gelensiniak - Revision history

Krishna57edits at 02:30, 17 January 2024