>Cewbot at 10:54, 17 April 2021

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{{short description|Overview of geography of Kochi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
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{{Superimpose| base = India-locator-map-blank.svg
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<center>Location of [[Kochi (India)|Kochi]] in [[India]]</center>
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'''[[Kochi (India)|Kochi]]''' is a city in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]]. Kochi is located in the district of [[Ernakulam District|Ernakulam]]. Old Kochi loosely refers to a group of islands including [[Willingdon Island]], [[Fort Kochi]], [[Mattancherry]] and [[Mundamveli]] In [[Mundamveli]] there is an Ancient Portugal Significant church named St.Louis church and the Biggest celebration of this church is related to the feast of St.Jacob which is celebrate every year on 30 December. Lakh of people even from different parts of [[India]]. Today Kochi includes [[Ernakulam]], old parts of Kochi, [[Kumbalangi]], and outlying islands. For many centuries up to and during the [[British Raj]], the city of Kochi was the seat of the eponymous [[princely state]] — the [[Kingdom of Cochin]], which lay between 9.48° and 10.50° latitude and 76.5° and 76.58° E longitude.

==Location==
[[File:Kochi view from taj malabar.jpg|right|thumb|A view of the Kochi harbour mouth from Willingdon Island]]
Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India, in the southern state of Kerala. The city lies at the sea mouth of seven major rivers which start from the [[Western Ghats]] and travel through Kerala’s midlands, lowlands and coastal areas, to drain out into the [[Arabian Sea]].
Earlier, Kochi was used to refer to the region encompassing [[Mattancherry]], [[Fort Kochi]], [[Mundamveli]] and [[Thoppumpadi]]. Today, Kochi comprises the mainland [[Ernakulam]], old Kochi, Kadavanthra, the suburbs of [[Edapally]] and the exurbia of [[Kalamassery]] and [[Kakkanad]] to the northeast; [[Tripunithura]] to the south east; and a group of islands closely scattered in the [[Vembanad lake]].

==Islands of Kochi==
Kochi includes an archipelago of various islands, from large to very small. The major islands in Kochi are :
* [[Fort Kochi]]
* [[Bolghatty Island]]
* [[Willingdon Island]]
* [[Vypin]]
* [[Ramanthuruthu]]
* [[Vallarpadam]]
* [[Kumbalam, Ernakulam|Kumbalam]]
* [[Cherai]]
* [[Cheranelloor]]
* [[Kumbalangi]]

==Geographical features==
Kochi lies at the northern end of a narrow neck of land, about 19 km long and less than 1.6 km wide in many places, and is separated from the mainland by inlets from the Arabian sea and by the [[estuary|estuaries]] of rivers draining from the Western Ghats. As a result, Kochi is a natural [[harbour]].

Much of Kochi lies at the sea level, and the city along with the suburbs span an area of around 440 km². The city has a seacoast of about 30 miles.<ref name="Corporation of Kochi ">{{cite web
|publisher = Corporation of Kochi
|title = Geography of Kochi
|url = http://www.corporationofcochin.org/Pages/Maintemp.asp?id=2&val=1
|accessdate = 2006-05-23
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060620160838/http://corporationofcochin.org/pages/Maintemp.asp?id=2&val=1
|archivedate = 20 June 2006
|df = dmy
}}

</ref> Willingdon Island is a large [[artificial island]], created by dredging the Vembanad Lake under the direction of Lord Willingdon.<ref name="Corporation of Kochi - Robert Charles Bristow">{{cite web
|publisher=Corporation of Kochi
|work=Robert Charles Bristow employed to develop Kochi port
|url=http://www.corporationofcochin.org/pages/Maintemp.asp?id=7
|title=The Cochin Saga
|accessdate=2006-05-23
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503202739/http://www.corporationofcochin.org/Pages/Maintemp.asp?id=7
|archive-date=3 May 2006
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
The city has a rich network of [[Backwater (river)|backwater]]s, which has been declared as [[Transport in India#Inland Waterways|National Waterways]] by the [[Government of India|Central Government]].<ref name="Projects monitor - waterways">
{{cite web
|publisher = Corporation of Kochi
|url = http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=8615
|title = National Waterway-3 plagued by hurdles
|accessdate = 2006-05-23
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050212084514/http://projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=8615
|archivedate = 12 February 2005
|df = dmy
}}
</ref>

===Soil and rock===
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}
The soil consists mainly of recent [[sediment]]s ([[Alluvium]], Teri’s, Brown sands etc.). Hydromorphic [[soil salinity|saline]] soils are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters. The major rock types are [[Archean|Archaean]]-basic [[Dike (geology)|dyke]]s, [[Charnockite]]s and [[Gneiss]]es.

===Climate===
{|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" align="right" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-small; font-family: Times New Roman"
|
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px #DEE8F1 solid; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-small; font-family: Times New Roman"
! style="background-color:#A1C2CF; color:green"|Month
! style="background-color:#B0BFD5; color:green"|Temp(°C)
! style="background-color:#B0BFD5; color:green"|Rain(cm)
!style="background-color:#B0BFD5; color:green"|Wind(km/h)
!style="background-color:#B0BFD5; color:green"|Dew Point(°C)
|----
|Jan
|<center>24</center>
|<center>0.9</center>
|<center>12</center>
|<center>20</center>
|----
|Feb
|<center>28</center>
|<center>1</center>
|<center>12</center>
|<center>22</center>
|----
|Mar
|<center>28</center>
|<center>1.9</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>14</center>
|----
|Apr
|<center>29</center>
|<center>5.1</center>
|<center>24</center>
|<center>14</center>
|----
|May
|<center>28</center>
|<center>12.5</center>
|<center>25</center>
|<center>14</center>
|----
|Jun
|<center>26</center>
|<center>22.3</center>
|<center>24</center>
|<center>12</center>
|----
|Jul
|<center>26</center>
|<center>20.6</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>12</center>
|----
|Aug
|<center>26</center>
|<center>13.4</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>12</center>
|----
|Sep
|<center>27</center>
|<center>9.8</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>12</center>
|----
|Oct
|<center>27</center>
|<center>12.5</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>9</center>
|----
|Nov
|<center>27</center>
|<center>6.3</center>
|<center>23</center>
|<center>9</center>
|----
|Dec
|<center>27</center>
|<center>1.9</center>
|<center>21</center>
|<center>9</center>
|}
|-
|style="background-color:#A1C2CF; color:blue"|<center><small>Note: Values given are the average over each month.<ref name="weather">
{{cite web
|publisher=weatherbase
|title=Historical weather for Kochi
|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=035334&refer=&units=metric
|accessdate=2006-05-23
}}
</ref></small> </center>
|}
Kochi’s climate is generally [[tropics|tropical]], with no harsh extremities. Under [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen's climate classification]], the city features a [[tropical monsoon climate]]. Surface temperatures range between 20–35 °C (68–95 °F). The current record high temperature is 38 °C; the lowest is 17 °C. Heavy rains accompanied by thunder are common from June to September due to the South-West [[monsoon]]. Light showers are experienced from October to December due to the North-West monsoon. The average annual rainfall is about 350 cm with an average 132 rainy days annually; the bulk of the rainfall stems from the South-West monsoon. The winds are moderate, with slight increase during summer and the monsoon seasons.

===Flora and fauna===
The flora of the region is predominantly tropical. Common vegetation in the region include ''[[Launaea]]'', ''[[Ipomoea]]'', ''[[Portulaca]]'', ''[[Hydrocotyle]]'', ''[[Spinifex (plant)|Spinifex]]'', ''[[Lippia]]'', ''[[Moniera]]'', ''[[Cynodon]]'', ''[[Digitaria]]'', ''[[Cyperus]]'' etc. [[Mangrove]] formations are also common.
Though much of the city is urbanised, the city retains an ecologically sensitive area right at its centre — the [[Mangalavanam]]. Mangalavanam is a nesting ground for a vast variety of [[migratory bird]]s and supports many varieties of [[mangrove]]s. This rare ecosystem in the heart of the city has helped mitigate Kochi’s pollution problems. The Mangalavanam is also a protected [[bird sanctuary]].

The backwaters also harbour many different types of fishes. Aquatic mammals like [[dolphin]]s are aplenty in the backwaters of Kochi.

==See also==
{{commons category|Geography of Kochi, Kerala}}
{{Kochi (India) topics}}

==Notes==
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<references/>
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{{coord|9|58|0|N|76|14|0|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geography Of Kochi}}
[[Category:Geography of Kochi| ]]

Geography of Kochi - Revision history

>Cewbot at 10:54, 17 April 2021