DongXqz408 at 01:10, 4 July 2025

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{{Short description|British Army officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = George Alexander Malcolm
| image = George Alexander Malcolm.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = Oil painting of General Malcolm
| birth_date = 21 January 1810
| death_date = 2 June 1888 (aged 78)
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], India
| death_place = [[Sloane Street]], London, England
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname =
| allegiance = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| branch = [[British Army]]
| serviceyears =
| rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[First Opium War]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br />[[China War Medal (1842)|China War Medal]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
| ignature =
| signature_size =
}}

[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''George Alexander Malcolm''', [[Order of the Bath|CB]] (21 January 1810 – 2 June 1888), was a [[British Army]] officer. He served in the [[First Opium War]] and became the first [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary]] of [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] in 1843.

== Career ==
Malcolm was born in [[Bombay]], India, on 21 January 1810. His father, Major-General Sir [[John Malcolm]], was Governor of Bombay. His mother, Isabella Charlotte, was daughter of Lieutenant-General Sir [[Sir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet|Alexander Campbell]].<ref>Burke, John (1845). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfdRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA778 A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire]'' (8th ed.). London: Henry Coburn. p. 778.</ref>

In 1841, Malcolm sailed to China as Secretary of Legation with Plenipotentiary [[Henry Pottinger]] during the [[First Opium War|First Anglo-Chinese War]]. On 29 August 1842, British and Chinese officials signed the [[Treaty of Nanking]], which ended the war and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. After the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s assent for the treaty arrived in [[Nanking]] on 15 September, Malcolm sailed for London the next morning on board the steamer ''Auckland'' with a copy for ratification by [[Queen Victoria]].<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HZlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA680 The Chinese Repository]''. Volume 11. Canton. 1842. p. 680.</ref> He was made a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 24 December.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/20181/page/3863 no. 20181. p. 3863]. 27 December 1842. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</ref> After Pottinger became the first [[Governor of Hong Kong]], he appointed Malcolm as the first [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary]] on 27 June 1843.<ref name="indianmail">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=G1BDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA151 The Indian Mail: A Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australasia]''. No. 5. 10 October 1843. p. 151.</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ii07AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA383 The Chinese Repository]''. Volume 12. Canton. 1843. pp. 382–383.</ref> Malcolm was also a [[justice of the peace]]<ref name="indianmail" /> and served there until November 1843.<ref name="hertslet">Hertslet, Edward (1865). ''[https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_YtI9AAAAcAAJ#page/n145 The Foreign Office List]''. London: Harrison. p. 117.</ref>

On 4 December 1845, Malcolm married [[Georgiana Harcourt]], daughter of Reverend [[Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt|Edward Harcourt]],<ref>Lodge, Edmund (1858). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bO8NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA571 The Peerage of the British Empire]'' (27th ed.). London: Hurst and Blackett. p. 571.</ref> at [[Bishopthorpe]], York, England.<ref>Urban, Sylvanus (1846). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XrsUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA88 The Gentleman's Magazine]''. Volume 25. London: John Bowyer Nichols and Son. p. 88.</ref> In 1858, he was appointed Deputy [[Adjutant-General to the Forces|Adjutant-General]] at [[Alexandria]] to superintend the transit of troops across Egypt to India.<ref name="hertslet" /> By 21 January 1880, he was on the retired list.<ref>''The London Gazette'': [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/24810/page/625 no. 24810. p. 625]. 10 February 1880. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</ref> He died on 2 June 1888 in [[Sloane Street]], London, England. From 1881 to his death, he held the colonelcy of the 2nd Battalion of the [[King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry]].

== Promotions ==
[[File:The Signing of the Treaty of Nanking.jpg|thumb|250px|Signing of the [[Treaty of Nanking]] (1842). Malcolm is seated at the front row (third from right), between General Hien Ling and Captain [[Peter Richards (Royal Navy officer)|Peter Richards]].]]
Malcolm's promotions:<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gStcAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA102 Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons]'' (1872). Volume 37. p. 484.</ref>
*[[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]], unattached, 31 December 1825
*Ensign, [[6th Foot]], 26 March 1827
*[[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]], [[3rd Foot]], 7 June 1827
*[[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]], 3rd Foot, 30 December 1831
*Captain, [[60th Foot]], 20 April 1832
*Captain, [[3rd Dragoons]], 18 December 1835
*[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]], 3rd Dragoons, 13 December 1839
*[[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] ([[Brevet (military)|brevet]]<ref name="hart">Hart, H. G. (1875). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=quscAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA351 The New Annual Army List, Militia List, and Indian Civil Service List, for 1875]''. London: John Murray. p. 351.</ref>), 3rd Dragoons, 23 December 1842
*Major, unattached, 16 May 1845
*[[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] (brevet), unattached, 20 June 1854<ref>''The London Gazette'': [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21564/page/1934 no. 21564. p. 1934]. 22 June 1854. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</ref>
*[[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]], 26 October 1858
*Colonel, [[105th Regiment of Foot (Madras Light Infantry)|105th Madras Light Infantry]], 10 March 1866
*[[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]], 105th Madras Light Infantry, 8 March 1867<ref>''The London Gazette'': [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23234/page/1982 no. 23234. p. 1982]. 20 March 1867. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</ref>
*[[General (United Kingdom)|General]], 16 May 1874<ref>''The London Gazette'': [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/24103/page/2947 no. 24103. p. 2947]. 9 June 1874. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong]]|years=1843}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Robert Morrison|John Morrison]] (acting)}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Secretary for Administration}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, George}}
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1888 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Opium War]]
[[Category:Chief secretaries of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Mumbai]]

George Alexander Malcolm - Revision history

DongXqz408 at 01:10, 4 July 2025