Ajay Kumar at 19:12, 28 September 2023

2023-09-28T19:12:00Z

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{{Short description|Ancient Arab tribe northeast of Medina, Arabia}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Banu Ghaṭafān<br>بنو غطفان
| type = [[Qays|Qaysite]] Arab tribe
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| nisba = Al-Ghatafani
| location = [[Ancient Arabia]]
| descended = Ghaṭafān ibn Sa'd ibn Qays
| parent_tribe = [[Qays]]
| branches =
*Rayth
*[[Banu Dhubyan|Dhubyan]]
*[[Banu Fazara|Fazara]]
*[[Banu Murra|Murra]]
*[[Banu Talabah|Tha'labah]]
*[[Banu Abs|Abs]]
*Anmar
*Ashja'
| religion = [[Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia|Polytheism]] (pre-630) <br> [[Islam]] (post 630)
}}
The '''Ghaṭafān''' ({{lang-ar|غطفان}}) were an Arab tribal confederation originally based northeast of [[Medina]]. The main branches of the Ghatafan were the tribes of [[Banu Abs]], Banu Dhubyan and Ashja'. They were one of the Arab [[Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad|tribes that interacted with Muhammad]]. They are notable for allying themselves with the [[Quraysh]] in the [[Battle of the Trench]].<ref>[[The Meaning of the Qur'an (tafsir)]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220418063627/http://www.msawest.com/islam/quran/maududi/mau33.html] by [[Maududi]] on MSA West Compendium of Muslim Texts</ref>

==Origins and branches==
The Ghatafan were a [[Bedouin]] tribal grouping that inhabited the [[Wadi al-Rummah|Wadi al-Rumma]] area of [[Najd]] between the [[Hejaz]] mountains and [[Jabal Shammar]].<ref name="Fück1023">Fück, p. 1023.</ref> According to Arab genealogical tradition, the progenitor of the tribe was Ghaṭafān ibn Saʾd ibn Qays ʿAylān, making it a part of the larger [[Qays]] tribe.<ref name="Fück1023"/> The etymology or meaning of Ghatafan is not known.<ref>Fück, p. 1024.</ref>

The main branches of the Ghatafan were the following:
*The [[Banu Ashja]], who inhabited the westernmost area of the Ghatafan's tribal territory.<ref name="Fück1023"/>
*The [[Banu Dhubyan]], who were descendants of Dhubyān ibn Baghīd ibn Rayth ibn Ghaṭafān.<ref name="Fück1023"/> They inhabited the area east of the Banu Ashja and included the major subtribes of the [[Banu Murra]], the [[Banu Fazara]] and the Tha’laba.<ref name="Fück1023"/>
*The [[Banu Abs]], descendants of ʿAbs ibn Baghīd ibn Rayth ibn Ghaṭafān, inhabited the area east of the Banu Dhubyan.<ref name="Fück1023"/>
*The Anmar, who inhabited the [[Al-Qassim Region|Qassim]] region of Najd.<ref name="Fück1023"/>

==Conflict with Muhammad==
{{Campaignbox Campaigns of Muhammad}}
{{Main|List of expeditions of Muhammad}}
They were involved in several military conflicts with Muhammad. The first was the [[Invasion of Dhi Amr]]<ref name="Strauch 2006 472">{{citation|title=Biography of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8bbHTcRV5kC&pg=PA472|first=Sameh|last=Strauch|year=2006|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960-9803-2-4|page=472}}</ref> occurred directly after the [[Invasion of Sawiq]] in the year 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar, September 624.<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-344-2|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|author-link=Montgomery Watt|title=Muhammad at Medina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0-19-577307-1|page=17}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> The expedition was ordered by [[Muhammad]] after he received intelligence that the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes, were planning to raid the outskirts of [[Medina]]. Therefore, Muhammad launched a preemptive strike with 450 men.<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 286–287">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA286| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960-899-55-8|pages=286–287}}</ref>

Another conflict they were involved in was the [[Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa]] where Muhammad ordered an attack on the tribe because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA192| first=Saifur|last=Rahman al-Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|page=192| isbn=9798694145923 }}</ref>

This was followed by the [[Invasion of Dumatul Jandal]]. Muhammad ordered his men to invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110623154138/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch4s8.html online])</ref> This happened in July 626.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225| first=William|last=Muir|date=August 1878|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|orig-year=1861|pages=225–226}}</ref>

Then [[Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)]] in November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629<ref name="William Muir p. 106">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 106.</ref> the [[Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)]] took place. With the goal of attacking the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110927030944/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch6s5.html online])</ref>

==List==
*[[Nuaym ibn Masud]]<ref>''Muhammad and the Course of Islam'' By H. M. Balyuzi. p.97.</ref>
* [[Banu Abs]]
* [[Bani Rasheed]]
* [[Rashaida people]]
* [[Mutayr]]

==See also==
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{EI2|article=Ghaṭafān|last=Fück|first=J. W.|volume=2|pages=1023–1024}}

{{Historical Arab tribes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghatafan}}
[[Category:Ghatafan| ]]
[[Category:Tribes of Arabia]]
[[Category:Tribes of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Muhammad in Medina]]

Ghatafan - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 19:12, 28 September 2023