https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Ghatwals_and_MulraiyatsGhatwals and Mulraiyats - Revision history2026-07-31T19:26:25ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Ghatwals_and_Mulraiyats&diff=118367&oldid=prev>Rai1112 at 05:58, 1 March 20202020-03-01T05:58:27Z<p></p>
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Ghatwali was a feudal tenure/''[[jagir]]'' for quasi-military services, only found in the district of [[Santhal Parganas]] and some parts of [[Munger]]. The ruling chiefs of these ''jagir'' were known as Ghatwals. They were responsible for maintaining safety, security, and law enforcement in their estate using a force of archers and Berkandazes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Sonabati Kumari vs State Of Bihar |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/341109/}}</ref> The Deoghar subdivision consisted of 53 Ghatwalis among which the largest were Rohini, Pathrol, Baman-ganwa, Kukraha, Garsara, Teor and Burhe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbert H. Heard. |first1=J.P |title=Ghatwali and Mulraiyati Tenure |date=1900 |page=4}}</ref> The Deoghar ghatwali were formed under the Birbhum Raj in the 18th century to defend against the invasion of [[Marathas]] and neighbouring rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbert H. Heard. |first1=J.P |title=Ghatwali and Mulraiyati Tenure |date=1900 |page=4}}</ref> Kharna estate was another prominent ghatwali in [[Kharagpur Raj]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Babu Ananda Rai vs Tikait Kali Prasad |journal=Privi Council Cases}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Babu Ananda Rai vs Tikait Kali Prasad Singh |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/472868/}}</ref> The [[Kharagdiha | Kharagdiha gadis]] were earlier on ghatwali tenure, but when Captain Cammec found these Malik of the ''gadis'' prominent in their country, these gadis were permanently settled slowly after 1793. The ghatwals of Kharagdiha became the [[Zamindar]]s and [[Ruler]]s of their respective estates.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hazaribagh District Gazetteer}}</ref> Some of the prominent Khargdiha gadis were Gadi Palganj, Koderma, Goranjee, [[Ledo, Jharkhand|Gadi Ledo]] and Gadi Sirsia.<br />
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Mulraiyati was another feudal tenure for revenue collection found in the district of Santhal Parganas. A Mulraiyat is a settlement holder whose rights are transferable and attachable. The tenure in its special form arose in 1877. It is peculiar to the Deoghar subdivision alone in the [[Santhal Parganas]]. The name "''mul raiyat''" was a term invented in 1877, during the Ashley Eden's government (later K.C.S.I).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbert H. Heard. |first1=J.P |title=Ghatwali and Mulraiyati Tenure |date=1900 |page=15}}</ref> The ''mulraiyats'' have been used interchangeably with ''pradhans'' and ''mustajirs'' as they collected rent from ordinary ''raiyats'' as intermediaries, but the ''mulraiyats'' enjoyed superior rights and privileges on their estates.<br />
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Both Ghatwali and Mulraiyati estates historically passed from father to firstborn son ([[primogeniture]]'')''. Along with [[Zamindar]]s, these tenure holders formed the [[Aristocracy]] of [[Bihar]]. Ghatwali tenure was abolished in 1952 along with [[Zamindar]]i.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Zamindars of Bihar]]<br />
*[[Zamindars]]<br />
*[[Jagir]]dars<br />
*[[Indian Feudalism]]<br />
*[[Aristocracy]]<br />
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==References==<br />
<references /><br />
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[[Category:Mughal Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Titles in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feudalism]]<br />
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]<br />
[[Category:Jagirs]]</div>>Rai1112