https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Ghiyath_ShahGhiyath Shah - Revision history2026-07-31T15:18:25ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Ghiyath_Shah&diff=118388&oldid=prev>Crash48 at 07:36, 30 June 20212021-06-30T07:36:58Z<p></p>
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{{Infobox royalty<br />
|name =Ghiyath Shah<br />
|title =Sultan of Malwa<br />
|reign =1469–1500<br />
|image =File:Sweets 1.jpg<br />
|image_size =200 px<br />
|caption =Ghiyath Shah dining (from Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi)<br />
|predecessor =[[Mahmud Khilji|Mahmud Shah I]]<br />
|successor =[[Nasir-ud-Din Shah]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ghiyath Shah''', also known as '''Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah''' or '''Ghiyasuddin''', was a [[Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate]] in the fifteenth century. The son of his predecessor [[Mahmud Khilji|Mahmud Shah I]], he reigned from 1469 to 1500. A military leader before his accession, he was known during his reign for his religious devotion and cultural life. During his reign, the [[Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi]] was written and illustrated. His court was known for having over 12,000 women, including entertainers and scholars. His exiled son [[Nasir-ud-Din Shah]] revolted and took the throne in October 1500. Ghiyasuddin was found dead four months later and is believed to have been poisoned by his son and successor.<br />
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==Biography==<br />
The eldest son of [[Mahmud Khilji|Mahmud]], Ghiyath served his father as a military leader.<ref>{{cite book| first=Upendra Nath| last=Day| title=Medieval Malwa, A Political and Cultural History, 1401-1562| year=1965| publisher=Munshi Ram Manohar Lal| place=New Delhi}}</ref> He was made Shah at the death of his father in 1469.<ref>{{cite book| first1=Nagendra Kr| last1=Singh| first2=Nagendra Kumar| last2=Singh| title=International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties| year=2000| publisher=Anmol Publications| place=New Delhi| ISBN=978-8126104031}}</ref> According to [[Firishta]], shortly after his accession, he held a grand feast at which he announced that after thirty-four years on the field he was yielding his military rule to his son.<ref name=firishta>{{cite book| last=Firishta| first=Mahomed Kasim| author-link=Firishta| translator-last=Briggs| translator-first=John| translator-link=John Briggs (East India Company officer)| title=History of the Rise of the Mahometan Power in India, till the year A.D. 1612, Volume IV| publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green| place=London| year=1829| pages=236–239}}</ref> He was also known as Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah and Ghiyasuddin.<ref>{{cite book| first=Santosh Kumar| last=Sharma| title=Honey and Its Ayurvedic Approach| year=2005| publisher=Publication Scheme| place=Jaipur| isbn=978-8181820105| page=35}}</ref><br />
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[[File:A beautiful Jahaz Mahal.jpg|Jahaz Mahal, the palace of Ghiyasuddin|right|thumb]]<br />
Ghiyasuddin then retired to a life away from the battlefield, constructing the palace of Jahaz Mahal, and created a court that was a place of culture. He was also known as an eccentric lover of art. For example, ''[[Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi]]'' (Book of Delights)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dalrymple|first1=William|title=Scents and sensuality|url=https://www.1843magazine.com/features/scents-and-sensuality|accessdate=14 December 2016|work=[[1843 (magazine)|1843]]|publisher=[[Economist Group]]|date=January 2017}}</ref> is a cookery book produced between 1495 and 1505 for the sultan that is richly illustrated in a fusion of Persian and pre-Islamic Indian styles. The book contains fifty images, including the sultan, servants, landscapes and buildings as well as food preparation.<ref>{{cite book| first=Burjor |last=Avari| author-link=Burjor Avari| title=Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent| publisher=Routledge| place=London| year=2013| isbn=978-0415580625| page=96}}</ref><br />
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He was devoutly religious. He abstained from intoxicating drink and foods forbidden on religious grounds.<ref>{{cite book| first=Suresh Chandra| last=Ghosh| title=History of Education in India| publisher=Low Price Publications| place=Delhi| year=2001| isbn=978-8175361935| page=81}}</ref> According to Firishta, he gave instructions to his attendants that he should always be woken at the hour of prayer and that they were known to pull him out of bed while he was asleep.<ref name=firishta /> He was a follower of [[Moinuddin Chishti]] and is believed to have erected a {{convert|23|m|ft|adj=on}} high ceremonial gateway named ''Buland Darwaza'' at the [[Ajmer]] Sharif [[Dargah]] in honour of the scholar.<ref>{{cite book| first1=Mumtaz| last1=Currim| first2=George| last2=Michell| title=Dargahs, Abodes of the Saints| publisher=Marg Publications| place=Mumbai| year=2004| isbn=978-8185026657| page=59}}</ref><br />
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Towards the end of his life, there was conflict between his eldest son [[Nasir-ud-Din Shah]], who had commanded the army, and his youngest son Ala-ud-Din. Nasir-ud-Din was chased from the capital [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mando]] in 1499, but ultimately triumphed, returning to the palace on 22 October 1500. Nasir-ud-Din then executed his brother, along with his children and the rest of his family, and was formally crowned. Ghiyasuddin was found dead four months later, widely believed to have been poisoned by his son and successor.<ref>{{cite book| first1=John Andrew| last1=Allan| first2=Henry Herbert| last2=Dodwell| author2-link=H. H. Dodwell (historian)| title=The Cambridge Shorter History of India| publisher=Cambridge University Press| place=Cambridge| year=1936| page=307}}</ref><br />
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==Attitude to Women==<br />
There were 12,000 women in Ghiyasuddin's court, including musicians, dancers and wrestlers.<ref>{{cite book| first=Kamala| last=Gupta| title=Women In Hindu Social System (1206-1707 A.D.)| publisher=Inter India Publications| place=New Delhi| year=2003| isbn=978-8121004145| page=178}}</ref> Ghiyath was interested in female education and set up a Madrasa in [[Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh|Sarangpur]] to teach the women of his court. Tutors were engaged to teach the royal princesses and over seventy women were well versed in the Quran.<ref>{{cite book| first=Rukhsana| last=Iftikhar| title=Indian Feminism: Class, Gender & Identity in Medieval Ages| publisher=Notion Press| place=Chennai| year=2016}}</ref><br />
According to historian [[Ramya Sreenivasan]], the king had a roving eye, and is reported to have undertaken the quest for [[Rani_Padmini|Padmini]], not a particular Rajput princess, but the ideal type of woman according to Hindu erotology.<ref name=ramya>{{cite web<br />
|url=https://www.dailyo.in/lite/arts/padmavati-sufism-controversy-rajput-karni-sena-jayasi-history-khilji/story/1/20609.html<br />
|title=What history can and can't tell you about Alauddin Khilji and legend of Padmavati<br />
|quote=Ghiyath al-din Khilji, according to a Hindu inscription in the Udaipur area, was defeated in battle in 1488 by a Rajput chieftain, Badal-Gora, which incidentally also happened to be the names of the twins, Badal and Gora, the vassals of Ratansen, in the epic Padmaavat".<br />
}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[List of rulers of Malwa]]<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-bef|before=[[Mahmud Khilji|Mahmud Shah I]]}}<br />
{{S-ttl|title=Sultan of Malwa|years=1469–1500}}<br />
{{S-aft|after=[[Nasr Shah]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghiyath Shah}}<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:1500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Kings of Malwa]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Asia]]</div>>Crash48