150.129.101.74 at 04:34, 12 April 2022

2022-04-12T04:34:35Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Golaghat}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Golaghat district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| nickname =
| image_skyline = One horned rhino family in Kaziranga National Park, Assam.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Rhinos in [[Kaziranga National Park]]
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Golaghat district'''
|type=shape |id=Q42517
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Golaghat district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Assam Division|Upper Assam]]
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Golaghat]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Bokakhat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bokakhat]], [[Sarupathar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarupathar]], [[Golaghat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Golaghat]], [[Khumtai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khumtai]], [[Dergaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dergaon]],
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 3502
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_note =
| population_total = 1,066,888
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates =
| elevation_m =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| website = [http://golaghat.gov.in/ golaghat.gov.in]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Golaghat district''' (Pron:ˌgəʊləˈgɑ:t) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. It attained district status in 1987. The district headquarters are located at [[Golaghat]]. The district occupies an area of 3502 km² and lies 100 m above sea level.

==Etymology==
The name 'Golaghat' originated from the markets established by a business class of people called [[Marwari people|Marwari]] during the middle of 19th century at the bank of the river [[Dhansiri River|Dhansiri]] in the vicinity of the district headquarters. "Gola" means market and "Ghat" means the port of river transport.

== History ==
[[Nagajari-Khanikargaon rock inscription|Inscription on rocks]] of Nagajari Khanikar village of Sarupathar, remnants of fortifications, brick structures, monuments, temples, [[Irrigation tank|tanks]], etc. are evidence of a 9th-century kingdom in the Doyang-Dhansiri valley. The Ahoms were the rulers of the Doyang-Dhansiri valley in the 16th century. Earlier, this part was ruled by the [[Kachari Kingdom|Kacharis]]. The [[Kachari Kingdom|Kacharis]] were pushed back towards west of the Karbi Hills. The Ahom King appointed a ruler entitled 'Morongi-Khowa Gohain', an administrative post with the Rank of a Governor/Minister of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] administration. Under Morongi-Khowa Gohain, large number of people from different parts of Ahom kingdom were settled in erstwhile Kachari Kingdom. An interesting aspect of such settlement was that a large number of people from different castes/communities were mixed up together so that there was remote chance of rebellion in such newly acquired territory. Most of the Morongi-Khowa Gohains were appointed from the [[Burhagohain]] families although there were few exceptions.

Later, when the British took control of Assam, the Doyang-Dhansiri valley was incorporated under the newly formed Golaghat subdivision of the [[Sibsagar]] district in 1846. Golaghat district played an active part in the freedom struggle of India. [[Kushal Konwar]], Kamala Miri, Dwariki Das, Biju Vaishnav, Sankar Chandra Barua, Shri Tara Prasad Barooah, Rajendra Nath Barua, Gaurilal Jain, Ganga Ram Bormedhi and Dwarikanath Goswami are eminent freedom fighters of the region.

Golaghat was raised to the position of a district of Assam on 15 August 1987, when it was split from [[Sibsagar district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Golaghat district occupies an area of {{convert|3502|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to the [[Bahamas]]' [[North Andros Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = North Andros Island 3,439}}</ref>

=== Location ===
Golaghat district is surrounded by the river [[Brahmaputra]] to the north, the state of [[Nagaland]] to the south, [[Jorhat]] district to the east and [[Karbi Anglong]] and [[Nagaon]] district to the west. [[Dhansiri River|Dhansiri]] is the principal river, which originates from Laisang peak of Nagaland. It streams through a distance of 352 km from south to north before joining the Brahmaputra. Its catchment area is 1220 km². Doyang, Nambor, Doigrung and Kalioni are the four rivulets of the Dhansiri. The river Kakodonga marks the border between Golaghat and Jorhat districts.

===National [[protected area]]===
*[[Kaziranga National Park]] (Part)
*[[Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary]]

=== Climate ===
The climate is tropical with a hot and humid weather prevailing most of the summer and monsoon months. Total average annual rainfall is 1300 mm. Maximum precipitation occurs in June and July. Maximum temperature is 38.0 °C in June and minimum temperature is 8.0 °C in December.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}

==Divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Bokakhat, Sarupathar, Golaghat, and Khumtai.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> All four are in the [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

=== Administration ===
Within the merged establishment of the Deputy Commissioner, Golaghat are the Offices of the Sub-Divisional Officers, Dhansiri and Bokakhat. There are multiple functions and issues looked after by the Deputy Commissioner's office from its headquarters. The branches of the Office of the Deputy Commissioner are rationalized as Administration, Civil Defence, Confidential, Development, Election, Excise, Home Guards, Magisterial, Nazarat, Personnel, Registration, Revenue, Supply, Treasury and Zila Sainik Board. The Courts of District and Session Judge are also located in its headquarters at Golaghat.

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,58,474|13=1911|14=1,84,701|15=1921|16=2,21,328|17=1931|18=2,61,816|19=1941|20=2,65,148|21=1951|22=3,17,550|23=1961|24=4,00,238|25=1971|26=5,23,707|27=1991|28=8,28,096|29=2001|30=9,46,279|31=2011|32=10,66,888|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Golaghat district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,066,888,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721072426/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2011-07-21
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 430th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 302 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.88%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Golaghat has a [[sex ratio]] of 961 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 78.31%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.84% and 10.48% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Golaghat district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Religion - Assam |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.99}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|8.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|4.74}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.81}}
}}
[[File:নেঘেৰিটিং দ'লৰ এক দৃশ্য সন্মুখৰ পৰা, A frontside view of Negheriting Dol, one of the most ancient temple of Lord Siva since pre ahom era.JPG|thumb|[[Negheriting Shiva Doul|Negheriting Shiva Doul temple]] is a major temple in Golaghat district]]

[[Hinduism]] is followed by majority of the people in Golaghat district: 85.99%. Muslims form 8.46% of population. while Christians are 4.74% of the population.<ref name="Religion"/>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Golaghat district, 2011 census
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 78.40 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 4.59 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Mising language|Mising]] |value3 = 2.71 |color3 = darkorchid
|label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value4 = 2.50 |color4 = pink
|label5 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value5 = 1.86 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = [[Hindi]] |value6 = 1.79 |color6 = orange
|label7 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value7 = 1.52 |color7 = red
|label8 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value8 = 1.36 |color8 = firebrick
|label9 = Others |value9 = 5.27 |color9 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 78.40% of the population speak [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 4.59% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.71% [[Mising language|Mising]], 2.50% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.86% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]], 1.79% [[Hindi]], 1.52% [[Sadri language|Sadri]] and 1.36% [[Odia language|Odia]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
== Territorial dispute ==

Around 420 sq.km area of Golaghat district is under occupation by the state of Nagaland (Merapani region). There were major conflicts between the two sides in 1979 and 1985, with 54 and 41 deaths respectively. Almost all the deaths were from the Assamese side and the attackers included NSCN militants and Nagaland police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/explained-assam-vs-nagaland-a-border-dispute-of-five-decades/|title=Explained: Assam vs Nagaland, a border dispute of five decades|date=22 August 2014}}</ref>

== Culture ==

Golaghat district crowns many literary intellects who have made outstanding contributions to Assamese literature. The most prominent writer of the 19th century who hailed from Golaghat was [[Hemchandra Barua|Hem Chandra Barua]], the writer of first Assamese dictionary ''[[Hemkosh]]''. Raghunath Mahanta, Satradhikar of Doyang Alengi Satra of Golaghat, was another writer of 19th century who composed three masterpieces, namely ''Shatrunjoy Kavya'', ''Adbhoot Ramayan'' and ''Katha Ramayan''. One significant poet of the Ahom age was Durgeswar Dwiji. He composed a book titled ''Sangkhosur Badh''. Hem Chandra Goswami is regarded as one of the most exceptional writers of the late 19th century and early twentieth century. He is the first sonnet writer of Assamese language. The credit of first Assamese poetess plus first Assamese short story writer amongst women went to Yamuneswari Khatoniar of Golaghat. Her collection of verses called ''Arun'' was the first book written by a woman poet.

Raibahadur Ghanashyam Barua of Golaghat, who was also famous in the field of politics as the first Central Minister of Assam, translated [[William Shakespeare's]] ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]'' into the [[Assamese language]] along with three of his partners. Kamal Chandra Sarma of Golaghat enjoyed the influential position of secretary of 'Asomiya Bhasa Unnoti Sadhini Sabha'. Syed Abdul Malik, the invincible writer of Assamese literature, belongs to the village of Nahoroni in Golaghat. He was the president of Assam Sahitya Sabha. Malik received many exalted prizes, including Sahitya Akademy, Sankar Dev Award, Xahityacharyya, etc.

Other people from Golaghat who marked their names as great writers of Assamese literature include Surendranath Saikia, Hari Parsad Barua, Kirtinath Hazarika, Dr Nagen Saikia, Dr Debo Prasad Barooah, Nilamoni Phukan, Samir Tanti, Lakhikanta Mahanta, Purna Chandra Goswami, Dr Upen Kakoty, Lolit Barua, Golap Khound and Premadhar Dutta. The Golaghat Sahitya Sabha is one of the oldest congresses of Assam Sahitya Sabha, started in 1918.

==Flora and fauna==
In 1974 Golaghat district became home to [[Kaziranga National Park]], which has an area of {{convert|472|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> It shares the park with [[Nagaon district]]. It also home to [[Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary]].

==Notable people==
*[[Manoj Gogoi]], animal rescuer at [[Kaziranga National Park]]
*[[Lovlina Borgohain]], Indian Boxer (Olympic medalist).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mygolaghat.com www.mygolaghat.com A Website on golaghat]
* {{Official website|http://golaghat.gov.in/|Golaghat district official website}}
* [http://www.kaziranganationalpark.com/ A Website on Kaziranga Wildlife Park]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Golaghat district
|North = [[Sonitpur district]]
|Northeast = [[Jorhat district]]
|East = [[Wokha district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southeast = [[Kohima district]], [[Nagaland]]
|South = [[Dimapur district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Karbi Anglong district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Coord|26.0|N|93.0|E|display=title}}

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Golaghat district| ]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]

Golaghat district - Revision history

150.129.101.74 at 04:34, 12 April 2022