MarioStpierre at 22:48, 22 October 2025

2025-10-22T22:48:47Z

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{{short description|18th-century Odissi musician, poet and composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka
| birth_place =[[Paralakhemundi]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| birth_date = 1784
| notableworks =
| period =
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| honorific_prefix = Kabi Kalahansa - Basanta Kokila
| occupation = Odissi poet-musician
| caption = Wooden statue of Gopalakrushna at his residence in Paralakhemundi, made by an artisan who had seen him in real life
| image = Antique statue of Odissi musician ancient poet Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka at Paralakhemundi, Odisha.jpg
| native_name_lang = or
| native_name = ଗୋପାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ
| honorific_suffix =
| genre = [[Odissi music]]
| death_date = 1862
| death_place = [[Paralakhemundi]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
}}
'''Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka''' (Alternatively spelled Gopalakrishna, Pattnaik; Gopāḷakruṣṇa Paṭṭanāyaka, {{IPA|or|gopaːl̪ɔkrusɳɔ pɔʈʈɔnaːjɔkɔ|lang|LL-Q33810 (ori)-Prateek Pattanaik-ଗୋପାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ.wav}}; 1784-1862) was an [[Odia people|Odia]] poet & composer of [[Odissi music]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Parhi|first=Dr. Kirtan Narayan|title=The Classicality of Orissi Music|publisher=Maxcurious Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=2017|isbn=9788193215128|location=India|pages=383}}</ref> His Odissi songs in various traditional ragas and talas are widely sung across the state,<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Parhi|first=Dr. Kirtan Narayan|title=Perspectives on Orissa|publisher=Centre for study in civilizations|year=2009|editor-last=Mohapatra|editor-first=PK|location=New Delhi|pages=613–626|chapter=Odissi Music : Retrospect and Prospect}}</ref> as well as other allied traditional artforms of Odisha, such as ''[[Pala (dance)|pala]]''. The 20th-century Odissi musician, vocalist & binākara [[Apanna Panigrahi]], also from the poet's hometown, was well-known for his renditions of Gopalakrusna's lyrics. Some of the most iconic Odissi songs, such as ''Syamaku Juhara Tara Premaku Juhara Ma'', ''Jala Ani Jai Kali Kalindasutaku'', ''Sangini Re Rasarangini Re'', ''Kadamba Bane Bansi Bajila Re'', ''Uthilu Ede Begi Kahinkire, Ki Nadare Prana Sangini'', ''Manasija Mana Mohana'' are creations of Gopalakrusna. Many of his songs are popular ''abhinaya'' items in [[Odissi|Odissi dance]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dāsa|first=Phakīramohana|title=Bhakta Kavi Gopāla Krishna|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=2002|isbn=978-81-260-1201-5}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Pattanayaka|first=Gopalakrusna|title=Gopalakrusna Rachanabali|publisher=Sahitya Sangraha Prakasana|year=2002|editor-last=Behera|editor-first=Dr. Krushna Charan|location=Gopalpur, Cuttack|language=or}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pattanayaka|first=Gopalakrusna|title=Gopalakrusna Granthabali|publisher=Odisha Kohenoor Press|year=1969|editor-last=Panigrahi|editor-first=Saroj Kumar|location=Cuttack, Odisha}}</ref>

Born in 1784 in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family of [[Paralakhemundi]], Gopalakrusna's father Banabasi Pattanayaka was in the service of the Gajapati kings of the powerful princely state of Odisha. His mother's name was Lalita Dei. At the age of twenty, Gopalakrusna was married to a young girl by the name of Hira Dei. In the early days of his life, Gopalakrusna remained in the service of the Gajapati king as a ''panjia karana'', an accountant-scribe. Later, after training from the virtuoso musician poet ''Bakrabak'' Chakrapani Pattanayaka, his fame as a poet and musician grew and the king subsequently offered him an exclusive position in the court to encourage his musical & literary pursuits.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohanty|first=Indrajeet|date=June 2005|title=The Lyrics of Gopal Krushna|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/jun2005/engpdf/the_lyrics_of_gopal_krushna.pdf|journal=Orissa Review}}</ref> ''Kabisurjya'' [[Baladeba Ratha]] and ''Utkala Ghanta'' [[Jadumani Mahapatra]] were his contemporaries. Another Odissi musician, the poet [[Haribandhu Bebartta Pattanayaka|Haribandhu]] was inspired by Gopalakrusna to write lyrics and set them to music. Haribandhu is credited with documenting a significant number of Gopalakrusna's songs, as the poet himself was not concerned with preserving his songs. Gopalakrusna would sing impromptu, overcome by divine inspiration and Haribandhu as a child would follow him, noting everything down onto a palm leaf.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagabandhu|title=Prachina Utkala|publisher=Odisha Sahitya Akademi|year=1982|edition=3|location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha}}</ref>[[File:Odissi_poet_Gopalakrusna's_handwritten_Gitagobinda_Pothi.jpg|link=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Odissi_poet_Gopalakrusna's_handwritten_Gitagobinda_Pothi.jpg<nowiki/>|thumb|432x432px|Gopalakrusna's handwritten ''talapatra pothi'' (palm leaf manuscript) of Jayadeva's ''[[Gitagovinda]]'', in Odia script]]
Gopalakrusna's writings have been published as anthologies more than once. The first significant anthology was made by the poet's own great-grandson, Ramakrusna Pattanayaka in 1919. Before Ramakrusna's anthology, smaller collections of the poet's work had appeared in bits and pieces in Damodar Patnaik's ''Sangita Sagara'' (1889-1903) and Gobinda Ratha's ''Chaupadi Chandrodaya'' (1895). The Gajapati press in Paralakhemundi had also published small booklets of the poet's work in the early 1900s. Subsequently, larger anthologies have been collated and published by Babaji Baisnaba Charana Dasa (195-60), [[Kali Charan Patnaik|''Kabichandra'' Kali Charan Patnaik]] (1959), Saroj Kumar Panigrahi (1969) and Dr. Krushna Charan Behera (2002).<ref name=":0" />

A musical album called ''Lyrics of Gopalakrushna'' was made by the involvement of leading Odissi musicians and erstwhile chief minister [[Nandini Satpathy|Nandini Satapathy]] in the year 1970. Eminent Gurus such as [[Balakrushna Das|''Sangita Sudhakara'' Balakrushna Dash]], [[Shyamamani Devi]], ''Suramani'' [[Raghunath Panigrahi]], [[Bhubaneswari Mishra]] and Indira Pratihari lent their voices to the various tracks.

Gopalakrusna died in 1862. His last poem is said to be a prophecy of his death :

{{Verse translation|{{lang|or|ଜୀବ ଯିବାକୁ ହୋଇଲା ସଜ
ରାଧେ ଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ଭଜ}}|The life is ready to depart
utter the names of ''Radhe Gobinda''!|italicsoff=yes|attr1=|attr2=}}

At the poet's residence in Paralakhemundi, there is a life-size wooden statue of the poet. This statues was made in 1921 by Brundabana Chandra Patnaik, an elderly craftsman who had seen the poet during his lifetime. Some other items of his use, such as a ''karani'' stylus used by Odia scribes and his bodybuilding tools are preserved by the family.

== Compositions ==

Some well-known Odissi compositions of the poet are:<ref name=":0" />{{Odissi Classical Music sidebar}}

* ''Brajaku Chora Asichi''
* ''Patha Chhadi De Mu Jibi Phula Toli''
* ''Kananara Bitanare''
* ''Muhamuhin Kisora Chandramankara Mora''
* ''Karuthili Mun Nahi Nahi Re''
* ''Bajuchhi Sahi Bajare To Naare Brajabajare''
* ''Chhailabara Chhamure Padili''
* ''Aja Sri Gostha Chandrama''
* ''Banchiba Kehire''
* ''Syama Ja Ja Juhara To Piratiki''
* ''Bhaja Mana Brajabana Dwijarajanku''
* ''Kaha Re Sangini Ke Se Nua Lalana''
* ''Etharaka Syama Dosa Kara Khyama''
* ''Anusarita Prabhu Kala Jaka Gala Sarita''
* ''Ki Sunili Aja Νua Kari Re''
* ''Mote Laganare Brajabidhu Lata''
* ''Mohana Riti Chinha Padila Ma''

Many of Gopalakrusna's compositions have become iconic in the voice of legendary Odissi musicians, such as :

* ''Mohana Madhuri Dekhithila Nari'' by [[Apanna Panigrahi]]
* ''Mane Paduchhi Re Sehi Chandramukha'' by [[Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami|Mohan Sunder Deb Goswami]]
* ''Gostha Chandrama Asibe Aja'' by [[Tarini Charan Patra]]
* ''Ki Nama Boilu Tuhi Go Lalite'' by ''Banikantha'' Nimai Charan Harichandan
* ''Brajendra Nandana Sahi Eka Sri Radhara'' by ''Banikantha'' Nimai Charan Harichandan
* ''Kanta Mora E Basanta Kalare'' by ''Banikantha'' Nimai Charan Harichandan
* ''Banchiba Kehire'' by [[Singhari Shyamasundar Kar]]
* ''Aja Sri Gostha Chandrama'' by [[Balakrushna Das]]h
* ''Kaha Chitta Taha'' by [[Balakrushna Das]]h
* ''E Ghana Dina Eka Nebe Ki Kari'' by [[Balakrushna Das]]h
* ''Galabele Mo Jiba'' by [[Balakrushna Das]]h
* ''Manasija Mana Mohana'' by [[Raghunath Panigrahi]]
* ''Ki Nadare Prana Sangini'' by [[Raghunath Panigrahi]]
* ''Syamaku Juhara Tara Premaku Juhara'' by Shyamamani Devi
* ''Syama Apabada Mote Lagithau'' by Shyamamani Devi
* ''Kadamba Bane Bansi Bajila'' by [[Bhubaneswari Mishra]]
* ''Jala Ani Jai Kali'' by [[Bhubaneswari Mishra]]

== Lineage ==

Source:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pattanayaka|first=Gopalakrusna|title=Gopalakrusna Rachanabali|publisher=Sahitya Sangraha Prakasana|year=2014|editor-last=Behera|editor-first=Dr. Krusna Charan|location=Gopalpur, Cuttack}}</ref>

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== References ==
<references />

{{Odissi music}}
{{Odia culture}}
{{Odia language}}
{{Odia literature}}

[[Category:1784 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Paralakhemundi]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Musicians from British India]]

Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka - Revision history

MarioStpierre at 22:48, 22 October 2025