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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gopamau
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.55|N|80.28|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Gazetteer"/>
| area_total_km2 = 3.05
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 143
| population_total = 15526
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-30
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}
'''Gopamau''' is a town and [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Hardoi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=15-16, 32-52, 60, 578–82, 589, 591-2 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0924_PART_A_DCHB_HARDOI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref> Located just west of the [[Gomti]] river, Gopamau is a historic town that once served as a [[pargana]] headquarters.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=186-95 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref> Important industries include cap making, tobacco, and agricultural products.<ref name="Census 2011"/> As of 2011, the population of Gopamau is 15,526, in 2,346 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The town has several slum areas (namely Achrajan, Banjara, Ghanauji East & West, Lalpir, and Matehna), which are home to 36.07% of town residents.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==History==
Gopamau's early history is purely traditional, and those traditions are often somewhat conflicting.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The earliest inhabitants were the [[Thathera]]s, who are said to have lived in cleared areas in the forests known as Mawa Sarai or Mawa Chachar.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> There was an image of [[Shiva|Mahadeo]] called Gopinath here, which still exists, as well as two red stone idols called Kaurehru Deo and Badal Deo.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The Thatheras were then driven out by the [[Ahbans]] Rajputs under Gopal Singh and Sarup Singh, also known by the nicknames Gopi and Sopi, who had been on their way from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Upon reaching [[Kannauj]], the king [[Jayachandra|Jaichand]] sent them to subdue the Thatheras, which they did.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Sopi then made his residence at [[Bhainsri]], while Gopi went further north to Gopamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Tradition also holds that [[Salar Masud]]'s army then came to Gopamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He was not the first Muslim in Gopamau — a devotee from [[Mecca]] named Azmat Shah had already settled in the town under Raja Gopi.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Unwilling to betray his patron, Azmat Shah advised Gopi to abandon the city in order to prevent bloodshed, and thus the city came under Salar Masud's control.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Salar Masud then went on to [[Satrikh]], where he appointed Mir Sayyid Aziz-ud-Din to be the governor of Gopamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Mir Sayyid Aziz-ud-Din, also known as the Lal Pir, remained governor until two years after Masud died at [[Bahraich]]; Lal Pir was killed in battle against Hindus.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[dargah]] of Lal Pir is the oldest building in Gopamau; it was built in 1232 and later restored in 1795 by [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah|Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan]], the [[Subahdar of Arcot]], who was himself a Gopamau native.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He also rebuilt the [[Jami Masjid]] from Akbar's time in 1786; the building had previously been destroyed by an earthquake.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> At the same time as Lal Pir's death, Azmat Shah took poison to commit suicide, and his tomb is in the Azmat Tola neighbourhood.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Another tradition says that the Ahbans rajas were defeated by the Chishti [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Shaikhs]], who had been sent by the Delhi Sultan [[Altamsh]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Their leader, Khwaja Taj-ud-Din Husain, built a fort and a mosque at Gopamau, and he was also responsible for the construction of Lal Pir's dargah in 1232 (on the advice of his religious mentor Khwaja Qutb-ud-Din).<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The Chishtis founded the Chishtpura quarter on the east side of town, which also has a well built during the reign of [[Akbar]] by Khwaja Habibullah, with an inscription dating it to 979 [[Hijri year|AH]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Another Shaikh group, the Kannaujias, founded a new [[mohalla]] during the reign of Akbar; one prominent member of this group was [[Anwaruddin Khan]], who became Subahdar of Arcot in 1745.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

The [[Sayyid]]s of Gopamau trace their origin to the year 1208, when their ancestor Sayyid Muin-ud-Din came here from Kannauj.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> His descendants, Abdul Qadir and Abdul Jalal, were appointed [[qanungo]]s of Gopamau [[pargana]] during the reign of [[Humayun]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

The so-called mohalla of the [[mufti]]s originated when one Sheikh Muhammad Adam Siddiqi came to Gopamau in 1543, during the reign of [[Sher Shah Suri]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> A member of this family, Muhammad Zaman, was appointed mufti, and the office remained in the family until the British annexation.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The most famous member of this family was [[Wahaj-ud-Din]], a renowned scholar who wrote the ''[[Fatwa-i-Alamgiri]]'' and served as the tutor of [[Dara Shikoh]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Another Muslim mohalla, Zaidpuria, was founded in 1562 by Qazi Bhure Faruqi and Hazrat Bandagi Nizam-ud-Din, who had come from [[Zaidpur, Barabanki|Zaidpur]] in today's [[Barabanki district]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> One member of this family, [[Ghulam Hasan Khan]], was appointed [[subahdar of Gujarat]] by [[Azam Shah]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The Khatiban mohalla derives its name from the ''[[khatib]]''s who read prayers for the ruler.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> This position was hereditary and it was held by the same family from the time of Akbar until the British took over.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Another neighbourhood was named after the ''[[mutawalli]]''s, or custodians of the mosques, who claim descent from one Sheikh Ghiul, who came to Gopamau during the reign of [[Ala-ud-Din (Delhi Sultan)|Ala-ud-Din]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The title was first granted to Sheikh Karim by Akbar and, again, stayed in the family until the British annexation.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> One distinguished member of this family was Sheikh Maulvi Abdul Karim, a celebrated lawyer who wrote a work on jurisprudence called the ''[[Fatwa-i-Majma-ul-Masael]]''.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[Banjara]]s and [[Batwar]]s, two groups who each had a mohalla named after them, both claim descent from followers of Salar Masud.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Of the historic Hindu quarters, the main one was that of the [[Kayasth]]s, who were divided into two branches: one held the office of qanungo from the time of Humayun until [[Wajid Ali Shah]]; the other branch was that of the [[muharrir]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> One member of that branch was Lala Nauniddh Rai, who rose to distinction during the reign of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Constantly harassed by the Muslim governors, he ended up resigning his office of revenue collector in frustration and becoming a mendicant.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The revenue fell into arrears and the matter eventually reached Delhi, and Nauniddh Rai ended up being restored to his office.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> He went on to build the tank and temple of Gopinath in 1699.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> During the reign of [[Asaf-ud-Daula]], 30 of the nawab's elephants were kept and watered here, which ended up destroying the steps leading to the tank.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Gopamau had a slight Muslim majority and hosted bazaars on Thursdays and Sundays.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It had a middle vernacular school, at the house of Maulvi Tafazzul Husain in the Qazi's mohalla, a branch post office, a cattle pound, and a fort.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The town was noted for producing ''[[Arsi (mirror)|arsi]]s'', or thumb mirrors made out of silver.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

==Geography==
Gopamau is located at {{Coord|27.55|N|80.28|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Gopamau.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gopamau]</ref> It has an average elevation of 143 metres (469 feet).

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = 2011 Census of India<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| 1901 | 5656
| 1911 | 5545
| 1921 | 4631
| 1931 | Not given
| 1941 | Not given
| 1951 | Not given
| 1961 | Not given
| 1971 | Not given
| 1981 | 8267
| 1991 | 10255
| 2001 | 12615
| 2011 | 15526
}}
At the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Gopamau had a population of 12,604. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Gopamau had an average literacy rate of 37%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 44%, and female literacy was 30%. In Gopamau, 19% of the population was under 6 years of age.

The [[2011 Census of India]] recorded the population of Gopamau as 15,526 people, of whom 8,192 were male and 7,334 were female.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The corresponding [[sex ratio]] of 895 females to every 1000 males was slightly lower than the district urban ratio of 899.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group was 972, which was the highest among towns in Hardoi district.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 9.5% of the town's population, while there were no recorded members of [[scheduled tribes]] living in town at the time.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The [[literacy rate]] of Gopamau was 52.25% (counting only people age 7 and up), which was the lowest among towns in the district.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Female literacy was very low, with only 45.94% of women and girls able to read and write, compared to 57.81% of men and boys.<ref name="Census 2011"/> In terms of employment, 21.34% of Gopamau residents were classified as main workers (i.e. people employed for at least 6 months per year), while 11.90% were counted as marginal workers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The remaining 66.77% were non-workers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Employment status varied significantly according to gender, with 45.93% of men but only 8.40% of women being either main or marginal workers.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hardoi district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hardoi district]]

{{Hardoi-geo-stub}}

Gopamau - Revision history

imported>FrescoBot at 19:57, 5 July 2021