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{{short description|Indian radio astronomer}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox scientist|
| name = <br/>Govind Swarup <br/>[[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="Royal Society">{{cite web |title=Govind Swarup |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/govind-swarup-12374/ |website=The Royal Society |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
| image =
| image_size = 260px
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|3|23}}
| birth_place = [[Moradabad district|Thakurdwara]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|9|7|1929|3|23}}
| death_place = [[Pune]]
| residence = [[Pune]]
| citizenship =
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Radioastronomy]]
| work_institutions = [[TIFR]]
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor = [[Ronald N. Bracewell]]
| doctoral_students = [[Vijay Kumar Kapahi]], [[Gopal Krishna (astronomer)|Gopal Krishna]]
| known_for = [[Radioastronomy]]; [[R&D]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| prizes = {{ublist | 1972 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1973 [[Padma Shri]] | 1984 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] P.C. Mahalanobis Medal | 1986 [[Indian Physical Society|IPS]] Biren Roy Trust Medal | 1987 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Vainu Bappu Memorial Award | 1987 Tskolovosky Medal | 1987 [[National Academy of Sciences, India|NASI]] Meghnad Saha Medal | 1988 [[TWAS Prize]] | 1990 [[International Union of Radio Science|IURS]] John Howard Delinger Gold Medal | 1990 R. D. Birla Award | 1991 FIE Foundation Award | 1993 Gujar Mal Modi Science Award | 1993 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] C. V. Raman Medal | 1994 [[Calcutta University|UoC]] Sir Devaprasad Sarbadhikari Medal | 1995 M. P. Birla Award | 1999 [[Khwarizmi International Award]] | 2001 H. K. Firodia Award | 2005 [[Royal Astronomical Society|RAS]] Herschel Medal | 2006 [[University of Pune|UoP]] Lifetime Achievement Award | 2007 Grote Reber Medal | 2007 [[Indian Science Congress|ISC]] President's Medal | 2009 Homi Bhabha Award }}
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}

'''Govind Swarup''' (March 23, 1929 – September 7, 2020) was a pioneer in [[radio astronomy]]. In addition to research contributions in multiple areas of [[astronomy]] and [[astrophysics]], he was a driving force behind the building of "ingenious, innovative and powerful observational facilities for front-line research in radio astronomy".<ref name="INSA"/>

Swarup was the key scientist behind concept, design and installation of the [[Ooty Radio Telescope]] ([[Ootacamund]], India) and the [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]] (GMRT) near [[Pune]].<ref name="Jauncey">{{cite web |last1=Jauncey |first1=Dave |title=2007 Grote Reber Medal to Professor Govind Swarup |url=http://www.atnf.csiro.au/news/newsletter/jun07/Swarup.htm |website=CSIRO Newsletter|date=2007 |publisher=Australia Telescope National Facility |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">{{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Amitava Sen |last2=Ananthakrishnan |first2=Subra |last3=Gupta |first3=Yashwant |title=In Memoriam: Govind Swarup |journal=The Radio Science Bulletin |date=June 2020 |volume=2020 |issue=373 |pages=64–68 |doi=10.23919/URSIRSB.2020.9318439 |url=https://rahist.nrao.edu/Swarup-RSB.pdf |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
Swarup was the founding director of the [[National Centre for Radio Astrophysics]] (NCRA) at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR).<ref name="Nityananda">{{cite news |last1=Nityananda |first1=Rajaram |title=Remembering Govind Swarup – Astronomer, Builder, Leader |url=https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/govind-swarup-radio-astronomy-gmrt-ooty-telescope-ncra-tifr-rajaram-nityananda/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Science The WIRE |date=10 September 2020}}</ref>
Under his leadership, a strong group in radio astrophysics was built at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research that is comparable to the best in the world.<ref name="Raychaudhury"/>

He published over 125 research papers, edited 4 books, and held at least two patents.<ref name="IIAP"/> He contributed to the fields of [[solar radio emission]], [[radio galaxies]], [[quasars]], [[pulsars]], [[interplanetary scintillation]], [[dark matter]] and [[cosmology]].<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/><ref name="Orchiston"/>

== Early life and education ==
Govind Swarup was born in the town of [[Thakurdwara]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1929. He attended [[Allahabad University]], where he received his BSc degree (1948) and MSc in Physics (1950).<ref name="IIAP"/><ref name="Swarup"/><ref name="Ramachandran">{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=R. |title=Govind Swarup (1929-2020): Star among astronomers |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/star-among-astronomers/article32632879.ece |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=Frontline |date=October 9, 2020}}</ref>

Swarup spent several years at the [[National Physical Laboratory of India|National Physical Laboratory]] in Delhi with [[K. S. Krishnan]] (1950–53),<ref name="IIAP"/> measuring the [[Electron paramagnetic resonance|spin resonance]] of electrons.<ref name="Raychaudhury"/><ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="IIAP"/> Because there was interest in the newly developing field of radio astronomy, arrangements were made to send Swarup and another student to the Radio Physics Division of [[CSIRO]], in [[Sydney, Australia]], to work with [[Joseph Pawsey]] and learn to build radio arrays for studying the sun. In March 1953 Swarup arrived at Potts Hill in New South Wales on a 2-year fellowship. He worked closely with Pawsey, [[Wilbur Norman Christiansen]], [[John Gatenby Bolton]], [[Bernard Mills]] and others.
Swarup was also able to arrange for parts from a discarded 32-element array to be sent from Australia to the National Laboratory in India. He returned to the National Laborary from 1955–56.<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Nakamura">{{cite book |last1=Nakamura |first1=Tsuko |last2=Orchiston |first2=Wayne |title=The emergence of astrophysics in Asia : opening a new window on the universe |date=November 3, 2017 |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |isbn=978-3319620800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-M8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA526 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

When the array parts were seriously delayed, Swarup went to the United States.<ref name="Ramachandran"/> He worked as a Research Associate at the Radio Astronomy Station of [[Harvard University]] at [[Fort Davis, Texas]] (1956–57). He then became a Research Assistant at [[Stanford University]] (1957–60) in California, completing his doctoral thesis with [[Ron Bracewell]].<ref name="Raychaudhury"/><ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="IIAP"/>
Swarup received his PhD from [[Stanford University]] in 1961<ref name="IIAP"/><ref name="Swarup"/> and became an Assistant Professor at Stanford University (1961–63).<ref name="IIAP"/><ref name="Swarup">{{cite journal |last1=Swarup |first1=Govind |title=The Journey of a Radio Astronomer: Growth of Radio Astronomy in India |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=8 September 2021 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-090120-014030 |s2cid=234854820 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-090120-014030}}</ref>

Swarup was later awarded a number of honorary degrees: Doctor of Engineering, [[University of Roorkee]] in 1987 and Doctor of Science, [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1996.<ref name="IIAP">{{cite web |title=Govind Swarup |url=http://www.iiap.res.in/Swarup |website=Indian institute of Astrophysics |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> He was also given an honorary Doctor of Science by [[Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University]], Raipur in 2010.

==Career==
Returning from Stanford to India in March 1963, Swarup joined [[TIFR]] as a Reader at the request of Dr. [[Homi J. Bhabha|Homi Bhabha]]. In 1965, he became Associate Professor, Professor in 1970, and Professor of Eminence in 1989. He became Project Director of the GMRT in 1987, Centre Director of the [[National Centre for Radio Astrophysics]] (NCRA) of TIFR in 1993 and retired from TIFR in 1994.<ref name="Raychaudhury">{{cite journal |last1=Raychaudhury |first1=Somak |title=Govind Swarup: Pioneer radio astronomer, beacon of frugal science |journal=Nature India |date=9 September 2020 |doi=10.1038/nindia.2020.134 |doi-broken-date=31 October 2021 |url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2020.134 |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Swarup"/>

== Major Contributions ==
===CSIRO and Harvard ===
While at [[CSIRO]], Swarup and R. Parthasarathy converted Potts Hill's L-shaped grating radio interferometer telescope to an operating wavelength of 500 MHz. They used it to make daily observations and developed a one-dimensional map of the Quiet Sun.<ref name="Ramachandran"/><ref name="Nakamura"/><ref name="Swarup"/>
While at the [[Harvard College Observatory]] Swarup discovered 'Type U' solar radio bursts.<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Pontifical">{{cite web |title=Govind Swarup |url=http://www.pas.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/deceased/swarup.html |website=The Pontifical Academy of Sciences |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Reid">{{cite journal |last1=Reid |first1=Hamish A. S. |title=A Review of Recent Solar Type III Imaging Spectroscopy |journal=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |date=24 September 2020 |volume=7 |pages=56 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2020.00056 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Kontar">{{cite journal |last1=Reid |first1=Hamish A. S. |last2=Kontar |first2=Eduard P. |title=Imaging spectroscopy of type U and J solar radio bursts with LOFAR |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=October 2017 |volume=606 |pages=A141 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201730701 |arxiv=1706.07410 |bibcode=2017A&A...606A.141R |s2cid=54537557 |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/10/aa30701-17/aa30701-17.html |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>

===Stanford ===
At Stanford Swarup continued to make studies of radio emissions from the Quiet Sun and developed a gyro-radiation model of solar emissions of microwave radiation. He explained the emission mechanism of [[sunspots]] in terms of gyroresonance processes.<ref name="Alissandrakis">{{cite journal |last1=Alissandrakis |first1=Costas E. |title=Structure of the Solar Atmosphere: A Radio Perspective |journal=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |date=22 October 2020 |volume=7 |pages=574460 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2020.574460 |bibcode=2020FrASS...7...74A |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Gary">{{cite journal |last1=Alissandrakis |first1=Costas E. |last2=Gary |first2=Dale E. |title=Radio Measurements of the Magnetic Field in the Solar Chromosphere and the Corona |journal=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |date=6 January 2021 |volume=7 |pages=591075 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2020.591075 |bibcode=2021FrASS...7...77A |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Vourlidas">{{cite journal |last1=Vourlidas |first1=Angelos |last2=Gary |first2=Dale E. |last3=Shibasaki |first3=Kiyoto |title=Sunspot Gyroresonance Emission at 17 GHz: A Statistical Study |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |date=25 February 2006 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=11–20 |doi=10.1093/pasj/58.1.11 |url=https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/58/1/11/2025579 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Kakinuma">{{cite journal |last1=Kakinuma |first1=T. |last2=Swarup |first2=G. |title=A Model for the Sources of the Slowly Varying Component of Microwave Solar Radiation. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=November 1962 |volume=136 |pages=975 |doi=10.1086/147450 |bibcode=1962ApJ...136..975K |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1962ApJ...136..975K/abstract |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

In 1959, Swarup developed a technique for the round-trip transmission of phase measurements that enabled the phase equalization of all 32 antennas in an array to be carried out in minutes rather than weeks.<ref name="Thompson7">{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=A. Richard |last2=Moran |first2=James M. |last3=Swenson |first3=George W. |chapter=Chapter 7: System Design |title=Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy |date=2017 |pages=255–307 |isbn=978-3-319-444314 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314253134 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Swarup"/> Published in 1961, this technique has been used in radio interferometers world-wide.<ref name="Pontifical"/><ref name="Yang">{{cite journal |last1=Swarup |first1=G. |last2=Yang |first2=K. |title=Phase adjustment of large antennas |journal=IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation |date=January 1961 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=75–81 |doi=10.1109/TAP.1961.1144953 |bibcode=1961ITAP....9...75S |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1144953/authors#authors |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

In 1962 Swarup used the Stanford compound-grating interferometer to examine [[Cygnus A]]. Previous researchers had shown that the [[radio galaxy]] contained two distinct radio lobes. In 1963 Swarup reported the presence of a continuous "bridge" of radio emissions between the two lobes, the first instance of a steep spectrum bridge. Such bridges are used to estimate the age of a radio galaxy.<ref name="Pontifical"/><ref name="Gopal-Krishna">{{cite journal |last1=Gopal-Krishna |title=Historical Notes Prof. Govind Swarup's connection to the archetypal radio galaxy Cygnus A |journal=Current Science |date=10 May 2021 |volume=120 |issue=9 |pages=1530–1531 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/120/09/1530.pdf |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Thompson">{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=A. Richard |last2=Moran |first2=James M. |last3=Swenson, Jr. |first3=George W. |title=Interferometry and synthesis in radio astronomy |date=2017 |location=Cham, Switzerland |isbn=9783319444291 |pages=28–30 |edition=Third |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNlCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Bracewell">{{cite journal |last1=Swarup |first1=A. G. |last2=Thompson |first2=A. R. |last3=Bracewell |first3=R. N. |title=The Structure of Cygnus. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=July 1963 |volume=138 |pages=305 |doi=10.1086/147644 |bibcode=1963ApJ...138..305S |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1963ApJ...138..305S |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Picken">{{cite journal |last1=Picken |first1=J. S. |last2=Swarup |first2=G. |title=The Stanford compound-grating interferometer |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=June 1964 |volume=69 |pages=353 |doi=10.1086/109283 |bibcode=1964AJ.....69..353P |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1964AJ.....69..353P |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

===Kalyan Radio Telescope ===
Returning to India on April 2, 1963, Swarup began to assemble a group at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research near Mumbai. With the antennae from Potts Hill, they constructed the Kalyan Radio Telescope, the first radio telescope array in India. Located at Kalyan, near Mumbai, India, it was completed in 1965.<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Ananthakrishnan">{{cite journal |last1=Ananthakrishnan |first1=S. |last2=Balasubramanian |first2=V. |title=Beginnings and Growth of Radio Astronomy in TIFR |journal=Resonance |date=July 2021 |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=895–917 |doi=10.1007/s12045-021-1191 |doi-broken-date=31 October 2021 |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/026/07/0895-0917 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Orchiston">{{cite journal |last1=Orchiston |first1=Wayne |last2=Phakatkar |first2=S. |title=A Tribute to Professor Govind Swarup, FRS: the Father of Indian Radio Astronomy |journal=Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage |date=2019 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=3–44 |bibcode=2019JAHH...22...03O |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2019JAHH...22...03O |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

===Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) ===
Swarup's next major installation was the [[Ooty Radio Telescope]] (ORT) at [[Ooty]] in South India. It became operational in 1970, first observing a lunar occultation event on February 18, 1970.<ref name="Hindu"/> The design was "unique and innovative",<ref name="Pontifical"/> "the first large equatorial cylindrical parabolic radio telescope with steerability in both directions".<ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/> 530 m long 30 m wide, it was located at an incline on a hill so that it would have a long axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth. The design made it possible to track the [[hour angle]] of celestial radio sources for 9.5 hrs.<ref name="Pontifical"/><ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/><ref name="Sarma">{{cite journal |last1=Swarup |first1=G. |last2=Sarma |first2=N. V. G. |last3=Joshi |first3=M. N. |last4=Kapahi |first4=V. K. |last5=Bagri |first5=D. S. |last6=Damle |first6=S. H. |last7=Ananthakrishnan |first7=S. |last8=Balasubramanian |first8=V. |last9=Bhave |first9=S. S. |last10=Sinha |first10=R. P. |title=Large Steerable Radio Telescope at Ootacamund, India |journal=Nature Physical Science |date=April 1971 |volume=230 |issue=17 |pages=185–188 |doi=10.1038/physci230185a0 |bibcode=1971NPhS..230..185S |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/physci230185a0 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Raychaudhury"/><ref name="Orchiston"/>

ORT has been used for a number of important observations. Using [[lunar occultation]], it provided independent evidence for the [[Big Bang model]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=50th anniversary of Ooty Radio Telescope celebrated |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/50th-anniversary-of-ooty-radio-telescope-celebrated/article30854888.ece |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=February 19, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Raychaudhury"/>
Occultation observations of [[Sagittarius A*]] at the [[Galactic Center]] of the [[Milky Way]] galaxy supported the separation of its emissions into two dimensions, thermal and non-thermal.<ref name="Padmanabhan">{{cite book |last1=Padmanabhan |first1=Thanu |title=Astronomy in India : a historical perspective |date=2014 |publisher=Springer |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788184899979 |pages=86–88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grZTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> After fifty years, ORT continues to be used to observe [[solar winds]], [[coronal mass ejections]], and [[pulsars]].<ref name="Hindu"/>

In 1979, Swarup went on sabbatical at the [[Very Large Array]] (VLA) in New Mexico, where studied jets and hot spots.<ref name="Saikia">{{cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=Dhruba J. |title=Govind Swarup: Tribute to a Legend |journal=Resonance |date=July 2021 |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=869–893 |doi=10.1007/s12045-021-1190-4 |s2cid=238773607 |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/026/07/0869-0893 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>
During the 1980s, he studied the polarization of radio cores of galaxies and [[quasars]].<ref name="Pontifical"/><ref name="Kodali">{{cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=D. J. |last2=Swarup |first2=G. |last3=Kodali |first3=P. D. |title=Polarization properties of radio cores in galaxies and quasars |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=1 September 1985 |volume=216 |issue=2 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1093/mnras/216.2.385 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234334510 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/>

===Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) ===
Beginning in 1985, Swarup began construction of the [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]] (GMRT), at [[Khodad]] near [[Pune]]. The telescope was completed in 1997. Inspired by the [[Very Large Array]], and the [[Arecibo Telescope]], GMRT contains 30 steerable parabolic dishes, each of them 45m in diameter, arranged in a Y-shape array over a 25 km area.<ref name="Jauncey"/><ref name="Kellerman">{{cite book |last1=Kellermann |first1=Kenneth I. |last2=Bouton |first2=E.N. |last3=Brandt |first3=S.S. |title=Open skies : The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and its impact on US radio astronomy |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Cham, Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-32345-5 |pages= |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-32345-5_6 |s2cid=226629186 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-32345-5_6#citeas |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/>
Using a novel SMART (Stretched Mesh Attached to Rope Trusses) design concept,<ref name="Earth">{{cite news |title=One of the world's largest radio telescope being set up near Pune will look for incontrovertible evidence for the Big Bang theory on the origin of the universe |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/--29269 |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=DownToEarth |date=15 January 1994}}</ref> GMRT is highly versatile. It is the world's largest radio telescope for the detection of frequencies in the range of 130–1430 MHz<ref name="Pontifical"/> and has been used by researchers from over 40 countries.<ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/> GMRT was recognized as a key historical achievement in electrical and electronic engineering and given [[IEEE]] Milestone status in 2020.<ref name="Banerjee">{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shoumojit |title=GMRT accorded prestigious IEEE Milestone status |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/gmrt-accorded-prestigious-ieee-milestone-status/article33196253.ece |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=November 27, 2020}}</ref><ref name="IEEE">{{cite web |title=GMRT accorded the prestigious IEEE Milestone status |url=https://dae.gov.in/node/1420 |website=Government of India |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

One of the concerns behind the development of the GMRT was the question of [[dark matter]] and the nature of the [[universe]]. A sensitive radio telescope at an appropriate frequency (327 MHz) was needed to test predictions about whether the universe contained [[hot dark matter]] (HDM) or [[cold dark matter]] (CDM).
<ref name="Kanekar">{{cite journal |last1=Kanekar |first1=Nissim |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Aditya |last3=Chengalur |first3=Jayaram N. |title=Atomic Hydrogen in Distant Galaxies |journal=Resonance |date=July 2021 |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=919–938 |doi=10.1007/s12045-021-1192-2 |s2cid=238813513 |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/026/07/0919-0938 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>
Swarup has used the GMRT to observe the emission and absorption of atomic hydrogen from objects in the early Universe, examine the cosmic cold spot, and study radio emissions from [[Venus]].<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Ananthakrishnan"/><ref name="Orchiston"/>

== Awards and Memberships of technological Committees ==

'''Membership of Professional Societies:'''
[[Royal Society]], London;<ref name="Gupta"/>
[[Royal Astronomical Society]], London;<ref name="Gupta"/>
[[Indian Academy of Sciences]];<ref name="Gupta"/>
Indian National Science Academy;<ref name="Gupta"/>
National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad, India;<ref name="Gupta"/>
[[Third World Academy of Sciences]];<ref name="Gupta"/>
Indian Geophysical Union;
Maharashtra Academy of Sciences;
Institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers;
Indian Physics Association;
[[Indian Physical Society]];
International Academy of Astronautics;
Pontifical Academy of Sciences;

'''Positions held:'''
[[Astronomical Society of India]] (President 1975–77);
[[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) (President, Commission 40 on Radio Astronomy, 1979–82);<ref name="IAU">{{cite web |title=Govind Swarup |url=http://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/2363/ |website=International Astronomical Union |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
Executive Committee, Inter Union Commission for Frequency Allocation (IUCAF till 1995);
IAU Working Group for Future Large Scale Facilities (1994–2000);
Chairman, Indian National Committee for International Union of Radio Science (URSI) (1986–88 & 1995–97);
Post-detection Sub-Committee of SETI of International Astronautical Federation (Chairman, 1994–98);
Chairman, URSI Committee for Developing Countries (1996–2002);
URSI Standing Committee for Future General Assemblies (1999–2002).
Editorial Boards, Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics (1990–2000),
[[National Academy of Sciences, India]]; (1997–2000).<ref name="Pontifical"/>

'''Awards:'''
1973 [[Padma Shri]];
1972 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|S.S. Bhatnagar]], [[Council of Scientific & Industrial Research]], India;
1974 [[Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship]] for 2 years;
1984 P.C. Mahalanobis Medal, [[Indian National Science Academy]];<ref name="INSA">{{cite web |title=Indian Fellow |url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N75-0291 |website=Indian National Science Academy |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090859/http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N75-0291|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-date = 4 March 2016}}</ref>
1986 Biren Roy Trust Medal, Indian Physical Society, Calcutta;
1987 Dr. Vainu Bappu Memorial Award, Indian National Science Academy;
1987 Tskolovosky Medal, Federation of Cosmonautics, USSR;
1987 Meghnad Saha Medal, National Academy of Sciences, India;
1988 [[TWAS Prize]] in Physics;
1990 John Howard Dellinger Gold Medal, International Union of Radio Sciences;
1990 R.D. Birla Award in Physics, Indian Physics Association;
1991 FIE Foundation Award for Eminence in Science & Technology, Ichhalkaranji, India;
1993 Gujar Mal Modi Science Award, Modi Foundation, India;
1993 The C.V. Raman Medal, Indian National Science Academy;<ref name="INSA"/>
1994 Sir Devaprasad Sarbadhikari Medal, Calcutta University;
1995 M.P. Birla Award, Birla Institute of Astronomy and Planetarium Sciences, Calcutta;
1999 12th [[Khwarizmi International Award]], Iran;
2001 H.K. Firodia Award;
2005 Herschel Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society;<ref name="Pontifical"/>
2006, Lifetime Achievement Award by the [[University of Pune]];
2007 Grote Reber Medal;<ref name="Jauncey"/>
2007 Presidents Medal by the [[Indian Science Congress]];
2009 Homi Bhabha Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Prime minister of India.<ref name="Rishiraj-Dutta">{{cite news |last1=Rishiraj-Dutta |title=Radio Astronomer Prof. Govind Swarup Passed Away |url=https://thenationaltv.com/News/radio-astronomer-govind-swarup-death |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=National TV |date=September 8, 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Prof. Govind Swarup was married to Bina Swarup and resided in Pune, India. He had one daughter and one son. His daughter Anju Basu is married to Rajiv Basu and his son, Vipin Swarup is married to Natasha Swarup.<ref name="Gupta"/>

Swarup had an elder brother in Kanpur, Mahesh Swarup Agarwal, who was an industrialist.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Govind Swarup}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Swarup |first1=Govind |title=The Journey of a Radio Astronomer: Growth of Radio Astronomy in India |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=8 September 2021 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-090120-014030 |s2cid=234854820 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-090120-014030}}
* Swarup, Govind. [https://books.google.com/books/about/Stanford_microwave_spectroheliograms_for.html?id=ZM4EAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Stanford Microwave Spectroheliograms''], United States Airforce: Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford Electronics Laboratories, Stanford University, 1960.

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{FRS 1991}}
{{Radio-astronomy}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swarup, Govind}}
[[Category:Radio astronomers]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:People from Moradabad district]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]

Govind Swarup - Revision history

->Citation bot at 02:15, 1 November 2021