UpdateBot at 06:10, 6 October 2021

2021-10-06T06:10:27Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name =Goykanadi script
| altname =Kandavī script
| type =[[Abugida]]
| languages =[[Konkani]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|time = 6th century - 17th century
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic script]][a]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]][a]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]][a]
|footnotes=[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
|fam4=[[Brahmi script]]
|fam5=[[Bhattiprolu script]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography| first1=R. |last1=Malatesha Joshi |first2=Catherine |last2= McBride |date=2019|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Salomon|1999|page=35}}</ref>
|fam6=[[Kadamba script]]
|fam7=[[Telugu-Kannada alphabet]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/goykanadi.htm|title = Goykanadi script}}</ref>
|fam8=[[Kannada script]]
| print =
| sisters =
| children =
| sample =Goykanadi sample.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
|caption=Right side text is Goykanadi
| unicode =
| iso15924 =
| note =
}}
{{brahmic}}

'''{{IAST|Goykānaḍī}}''' or '''Kandavī'''<ref name=ref1>{{cite book|last=National Archives of India|title=Indian archives, Volume 34|year=1985|publisher=National Archives of India.|pages=4}}</ref> is a [[Brahmic script]] that was once used in the territory of [[Goa]] to write [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and sometimes [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. Similarly, it was used by the trading [[Gowda Saraswath Brahmin|Saraswat]] and [[Daivajna]] families along with the [[Modi script]] to maintain their accounts.<ref name=ref1 /><ref name="shenvi">{{cite book|title=Toponomy of Canara|last=Silva|first=Severine|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1963|pages=12}}</ref><ref name=goy />

==Overview==
Goykanadi was used in Goa since the times of the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadambas]], although it lost its popularity after the 17th century. Goykanadi is very different from the [[Telugu-Kannada alphabet|Old Kannada script]], with strikingly similar features.<ref name="archives">{{cite book|title=Indian archives|publisher=National Archives of India|volume=34|page=1985}}</ref> Unlike Old Kannada, Kandevi/Goykanadi letters were usually written with a distinctive horizontal bar, like the Nagari scripts. This script may have been evolved out of the [[Kadamba script]], which was extensively used in Goa and Konkan.<ref name="goy">{{cite book|last=Ghantkar|first=Gajanana|title=History of Goa through Gõykanadi script |year=1993|pages=Page x|language=en, kok, mr, kn}}</ref>

==Usage and extinction==
{{also|Goa Inquisition#Suppression of Konkani}}
The [[Goa Inquisition|inquisition of Goa]] is seen as a blot in the history of the Konkani language. According to the orders of the Goa inquisition it was an offence to remain in possession of books in the local languages. All books, whatever their subject matter, written in Konkani, Marathi and Sanskrit were seized by the inquisition and burnt on the suspicion that they might deal with idolatry.
It is probable that valuable non-religious literature dealing with art, literature, sciences, etc., were destroyed indiscriminately as a consequence. For instance, even before the inquisition orders in a letter dated 24 November 1548, D Fr Joao de Albuquerque proudly reports his achievement in this direction.<ref name="onqui">{{cite book|last= Saradesāya|first=Manohararāya|title=A history of Konkani literature: from 1500 to 1992|year= 2000|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn= 9788172016647|pages=317}}</ref>

Many Konkani manuscripts which are now found in museums in Portugal are Roman transliterations of Kandavi manuscripts of Hindu epics.<ref name="sama">{{cite book|last=Bhembre|first=Uday|title=Konkani bhashetalo paylo sahityakar:Krishnadas Shama|date=September 2009|publisher=Sunaparant Goa|pages=55–57}}</ref><ref name=ref3>{{cite book|title=South Asian language review, Volumes 1-2|year=1991|publisher=Creative Publishers|pages=12}}</ref> The earliest document written in this script is found in a petition addressed by Ravala Śeṭī, a [[Karekar|Gaunkar of Caraim]] in the islands of Goa, to the king of [[Portugal]]. This 15th-century document bears a signature in Konkani which says: '''Ravala Śeṭī baraha''' (Translation: ''writing of Ravala Sethi'').<ref name="goy">{{cite book|last=Ghantkar|first=Gajanana|title=History of Goa through Gõykanadi script |year=1993|pages=Page x|language=en, kok, mr, kn}}</ref> It is believed that most of the pre-Portuguese documents and books in Kandavi were burnt by the Portuguese missionaries.<ref name=onqui />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{list of writing systems}}

[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Konkani]]

Goykanadi - Revision history

UpdateBot at 06:10, 6 October 2021