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{{Short description|International road in South Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Use British English|date=March 2026}}

{{Infobox road
| name = Grand Trunk Road
| alternate_name =
| cities = {{collapsible list|[[Cox's Bazar]], [[Chittagong]], [[Feni District|Feni]], [[Dhaka]], [[Rajshahi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Sasaram]], [[Mughalsarai]], [[Varanasi]],[[Mainpuri]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Kanpur]], [[Agra]], [[Aligarh]], [[Bulandshahr]], [[Delhi]], [[Sonipat]], [[Panipat]], [[Karnal]], [[Ambala]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Lahore]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Jhelum]], [[Islamabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]], [[Jalalabad]], [[Kabul]]}}
| image = Durgapur Xpressway.jpg
| time_period = 4th century BCE – present
| length_km = 3655
| length_ref = <ref name="theatlantic.com"/>
| length_notes =
| established =
| history =
| known_for = Trading
| status = functional
| significance =
| direction_a = East
| terminus_a = [[Teknaf]], Bangladesh
| direction_b = West
| terminus_b = [[Kabul]], Afghanistan
| photo_notes = Grand Trunk Road passing through [[West Bengal]] in India
}}

The '''Grand Trunk Road'''{{efn|The road was known as ''[[Uttarapatha]]'' during the [[maurya Empire|Mauryan]] period (16th Century), ''Sadak-e-Azam'' or ''Shah Rah-e-Azam'' (The Great Road) during [[Sur Empire|Suri]] period (1540-1556 CE), as ''Badshahi Sadak'' (King's Road) during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal by Sher Shah]] period and as the ''Grand Trunk Road'' or ''Long Walk'' during the [[British Raj|British]] period.<ref name="UNESCO"/>}} is one of the oldest and longest major roads in [[Asia]]. For at least 2,500 years<ref>UNESCO, [https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/knowledge-bank/caravanserais-along-grand-trunk-road-pakistan Caravanserais along the Grand Trunk Road in Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531124427/https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/knowledge-bank/caravanserais-along-grand-trunk-road-pakistan |date=31 May 2019 }}</ref> it has linked [[Central Asia]] to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It runs roughly {{cvt|3655|km|mi|0}}<ref name="theatlantic.com">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/11/indias-grand-trunk-road/377875/ |title=The Atlantic: "India's Grand Trunk Road" |magazine=The Atlantic |date=November 1999 |access-date=7 March 2017 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907054858/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/11/indias-grand-trunk-road/377875/ |url-status=live |last1=Tayler |first1=Jeffrey }}</ref> from [[Teknaf]], Bangladesh on the border with Myanmar<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/heritage/2014/dec/31/road-empires |title=A road to empires |last=Steel |first=Tim |date=1 January 2015 |newspaper=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=19 July 2016 |archive-date=11 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211201821/http://www.dhakatribune.com/heritage/2014/dec/31/road-empires |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Cuisine-along-G-T-Road/articleshow/48969618.cms |title=Cuisine along G T Road |last=Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey |date=15 September 2015 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |location=Calcutta |access-date=19 July 2016 |archive-date=5 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105084522/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Cuisine-along-G-T-Road/articleshow/48969618.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> west to [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, passing through [[Chittagong]] and [[Dhaka]] in Bangladesh, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Kanpur]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Agra]], [[Aligarh]], [[Ghaziabad]], [[Delhi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]] in India, and [[Lahore]], [[Rawalpindi]], and [[Peshawar]] in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/07/03/where-do-borders-need-to-be-redrawn/permeable-lines-on-the-grand-trunk-road |title=How to Redraw the World Map |last=Khanna |first=Parag |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=19 July 2016 |archive-date=19 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819103029/http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/07/03/where-do-borders-need-to-be-redrawn/permeable-lines-on-the-grand-trunk-road |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6056/ |title=Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131142/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6056/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The highway was built along an ancient route called [[Uttarapatha]] in the 3rd century BCE,<ref name="Vadime"/> extending it from the mouth of the [[Ganges]] to the north-western frontier of India. Further improvements to this road were made under [[Ashoka]].{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} The old route was re-aligned by [[Sher Shah Suri]] to [[Sonargaon]] and [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]].<ref name="Vadime">Vadime Elisseeff, p. 159-162, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zRPbecWnkoIC&dq=sher+shah+suri+maurya+rohtas&pg=PA161 The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce]</ref><ref>Farooqui Salma Ahmed, p. 234, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&dq=sher+shah+highway+peshawar+sonargaon&pg=PA234 A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century]</ref> The Afghan end of the road was rebuilt under [[Mahmud Shah Durrani]].<ref name="KMSarkar1927">{{Cite book |author=K. M. Sarkar |title=The Grand Trunk Road in the Punjab: 1849-1886 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFdJbRywbKwC&pg=PA2 |year=1927 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=2– |id=GGKEY:GQWKH1K79D6 }}</ref><ref name="Vadime"/> The road was considerably rebuilt in the British period between 1833 and 1860.<ref>[[David Arnold (historian)]];
Science, technology, and medicine in colonial India (New Cambr hist India v.III.5)
Cambridge University Press, 2000, 234 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=3gk5j2u5AnUC&pg=PA106 p. 106]</ref> Over the centuries, the road acted as one of the major trade routes in the region and facilitated both travel and postal communication. The Grand Trunk Road is still used for transportation in the present-day Indian subcontinent, where parts of the road have been widened and included in the national highway system.<ref name="raghubir">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Raghubir |year=1995 |title=The Grand Trunk Road: A Passage Through India |url=https://archive.org/details/grandtrunkroadpa00sing |url-access=registration |publisher=Aperture Books |isbn=9780893816445 |edition=First }}</ref>

== History ==
=== Ancient period ===
The [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist literature]] and [[Indian epic poetry|Indian epics]] such as ''[[Mahabharata]]'' refer to the existence of Grand Trunk Road even before the [[Maurya Empire]] as [[Uttarapatha]] or the "Northern Road". The road connected the eastern region of India with Central Asia, the terminus of the [[Khurasan Road]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanjeev |first=Sanyal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv_iDQAAQBAJ |title=Land of the Seven Rivers: A Brief History of India's Geography |pages=72–73,103 |date=15 November 2012 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] India Private Limited |isbn=9788184756715 |language=en }}</ref>

The precursor of the modern Grand Trunk road was built on the orders of the emperor [[Chandragupta Maurya]] and was inspired by the Persian [[Royal Road]]<ref>Benjamin Walker, p. 69, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8J2RDwAAQBAJ&dq=chandragupta+grand+trunk+road&pg=PT69 Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. In Two Volumes. Volume II M-Z]</ref> (more precisely, its eastern stretch, the Great Khurasan Road that ran from [[Media (region)|Media]] to [[Bactria]]). During the Mauryan times in the 3rd century BCE, overland trade between India and several parts of Western Asia and Bactria went through the cities of the north-west, primarily [[Taxila (ancient)|Takshashila]] and [[Purushapura]] (present-day [[Taxila]] and Peshawar respectively, in Pakistan). Takshashila was well connected by roads with other parts of the Mauryan Empire. The Mauryas had maintained this very ancient highway from Takshashila to [[Patliputra]] (present-day [[Patna]] in India). Chandragupta Maurya had a department of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as mentioned by the Greek diplomat [[Megasthenes]] who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court. Constructed in eight stages, this road is said to have connected the cities of Purushapura, Takshashila, [[Hastinapur]]a, [[Kannauj|Kanyakubja]], [[Allahabad|Prayag]], [[Patliputra]] and [[Tamralipta]], a distance of around {{convert|2600|km}}.<ref name="KMSarkar1927"/>

The route of Chandragupta was built over the ancient "Uttarapatha" or the Northern Road, which had been mentioned by [[Pāṇini]]. The emperor [[Ashoka]] had it recorded in his [[Edicts of Ashoka|edict]] about having trees planted, wells built at every half [[Kos (unit)|kos]] and many "nimisdhayas", which is often translated as rest-houses along the [[Thoroughfare|route]] for the travelers. The Kushan emperor [[Kanishka]] is also known to have controlled the Uttarapatha.<ref name="Vadime"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.myindiamyglory.com/2020/04/20/grand-trunk-road-since-pre-mahabharata-times-here-are-evidences/ |title=Grand Trunk Road since Pre Mahabharata Times; Here are Evidences |date=20 April 2020 |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216100117/https://www.myindiamyglory.com/2020/04/20/grand-trunk-road-since-pre-mahabharata-times-here-are-evidences/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/uttarapatha-or-grand-trunk-road-the-silk-route-of-india-one-of-the-oldest-roads-of-asia-1629969852-1 |title=Grand Trunk Road: Uttarapatha, The Silk Route of India |date=26 August 2021 |access-date=17 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217064436/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/uttarapatha-or-grand-trunk-road-the-silk-route-of-india-one-of-the-oldest-roads-of-asia-1629969852-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Medieval period ===
[[Sher Shah Suri]], the ruler of the [[Sur Empire]], repaired the Chandragupta's Royal Road in the 16th century. The old route was further rerouted at [[Sonargaon]] and [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]. Its breadth was increased and [[Caravanserai|caravanserais]], [[Kos Minar|kos minars]] and [[Stepwell|baolis]] were built. Gardens were also built alongside some sections of the highway. His son [[Islam Shah Suri]] constructed an additional sarai in-between every sarai originally built by Sher Shah Suri on the road toward Bengal. More sarais were built under the [[Mughals]]. [[Jahangir]] under his reign issued a decree that all sarais be built of burnt brick and stone. [[Broad-leaved tree]]s were planted in the stretch between Lahore and Agra and he built bridges over all water bodies that were situated on the path of the highways.<ref name="Vadime"/><ref name="Romila">{{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5irrXX0apQC&dq=sher+shah+royal+highway+taxila&pg=PA236 |year=2002 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-23899-0 |page=263 |quote=The Mauryas had built a Royal Highway from Taxila to Pataliputra, a road that was almost continuously rebuilt in some approximation to the original during the period of Sher Shah, the Mughals and the British. The British referred to it as the Grand Trunk Road. }}</ref> The route was referred to as "Sadak-e-Azam" by Suri and "Badshahi Sadak" by the Mughals.<ref>Anu Kapur, p. 84, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&dq=sadak+e+azam+sher+shah&pg=PT84 Mapping Place Names of India]</ref>

=== Modern period ===
In the 1830s the East India Company started a program of metalled road construction, for both commercial and administrative purposes. The road, now named the Grand Trunk Road, from Calcutta, through Delhi, to Kabul, Afghanistan was rebuilt at a cost of £1000/mile.

The road is mentioned in a number of literary works including those of Foster and Rudyard Kipling. Kipling described the road in ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]'': "'Look! [[Brahmin]]s and [[Chamar|chumars]], bankers and tinkers, barbers and [[bunnia]]s, pilgrims and potters – all the world going and coming.{{nbsp}}...' And truly the Grand Trunk Road is a wonderful spectacle. It runs straight, bearing without crowding India's traffic for fifteen hundred miles – such a river of life as nowhere else exists in the world."<ref>{{cite book |title=Kim |first=Rudyard |last=Kipling |author-link=Rudyard Kipling |publisher=Macmillan & Co. |location=London |date=1908 |orig-date=first published 1901 |chapter=chapter III |page=81 |mode=cs2 |postscript=.}}</ref>

==== Republic of India ====
The ensemble of historic sites along the road in India was submitted to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in India#Tentative list|tentative list]] of [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] in 2015, under the title "Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Banho, Grand Trunk Road".<ref name="UNESCO"/> The Indian sections of the Grand Trunk Road coincide with [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]], [[National Highway 112 (India)|NH 112]] and [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] of the [[National Highway (India)|National Highways in India]].

{{anchor|GT road belt}}[[Psephology|Psephologists]] sometimes refer to the area around the GT Road as the "GT Road belt" it is also known as Gujarat road sometimes within the context of elections. For example, during the [[elections in Haryana]] the area on either side of the GT Road from [[Ambala]] to [[Sonipat]], which has 28 legislative assembly constituencies where there is no dominance of one caste or community, is referred to as the "GT road belt of Haryana".<ref name=GTr1>NuNu [https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/bjp-on-a-strong-footing-in-northern-districts/story-IyOgq3jDxR12VL2SYsaT3I.html BJP on a strong footing in northern districts], ''Hindustan Times'', 30 March 2016.</ref><ref name=pse1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-assembly-elections-bjp-counts-on-strategy/articleshow/71461872.cms Haryana assembly elections: BJP counts on strategy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105022701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-assembly-elections-bjp-counts-on-strategy/articleshow/71461872.cms |date=5 November 2019 }}, ''The Times of India'', 6 October 2019.</ref>

{{anchor|GT Road (Pakistan)}}

==== Islamic Republic of Pakistan ====
The road coincides with the current [[N-5 National Highway|N-5]] (Lahore, [[Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], [[Lalamusa]], [[Kharian]], [[Jhelum]], Rawalpindi, Peshawar and [[Khyber Pass]] towards [[Jalalabad]] in Afghanistan) in Pakistan<ref name="Reporter">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=The Newspaper's Staff |date=2025-04-20 |title=Government greenlights upgradation of G.T. Road to three-lane carriageway |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1905341 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Khattak">{{Cite web |last=Khattak |first=Arsalan |date=2025-04-20 |title=GT Road is Getting a Major Motorway-Like Upgrade |url=https://propakistani.pk/2025/04/20/gt-road-is-getting-a-major-motorway-like-upgrade/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=ProPakistani |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Afghanistan Ring Road|AH1]] ([[Torkham]]-Jalalabad to Kabul) to [[Ghazni]] in Afghanistan.

Part of the highway was built on the ancient Grand Trunk Road (commonly known as G.T. Road) which came under jurisdiction of the new state after the [[Partition of India|independence]] of Pakistan in 1947.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLNtAAAAMAAJ&q=n-5+highway+pakistan |title=The Concept N5 Highway Pakistan (GT Road) |date=1999 |publisher=Raja Afsar Khan |pages=24 |language=en |access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref> The historical Grand Trunk Route extended from [[Wagah|Wagha]], Punjab to Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The original highways were Peshawar-Torkham Road, Grand Trunk Road (Peshawar-Lahore), Lahore-Multan Road, Multan-Bahawalpur Road, KLP Road ([[Bahawalpur]]-[[Rahim Yar Khan]]), Karachi-Rahim Yar Khan Road.

The federal government has approved a major upgrade of the Grand Trunk (G.T.) Road (N-5) for conversion into a uniform three-lane carriageway.<ref name="Reporter"/><ref name="Khattak"/>

==Route==
The road coincides with the current [[N1 (Bangladesh)|N1]] (Chittagong to Dhaka), [[N4 (Bangladesh)|N4 & N405]] (Dhaka to [[Sirajganj]]), [[N5 (Bangladesh)|N507]] (Sirajganj to [[Natore]]) and [[N6 (Bangladesh)|N6]] (Natore to [[Rajshahi]] towards [[Purnia|Purnea]] in India) in Bangladesh; [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] ([[Purnea]] to Kolkata), [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] (Kolkata to Agra), [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] (Agra to [[Jalandhar]] via New Delhi, [[Panipat]], [[Karnal]], [[Ambala]] and [[Ludhiana]]) and [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH 3]] (Jalandhar to [[Attari]], Amritsar in India towards Lahore in Pakistan via [[Wagah]]) in India; [[N-5 National Highway|N-5]] (Lahore, [[Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], [[Lalamusa]], [[Kharian]], [[Jhelum]], Rawalpindi, Peshawar and [[Khyber Pass]] towards [[Jalalabad]] in Afghanistan) in Pakistan and [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|AH1]] ([[Torkham, Pakistan|Torkham]]-[[Jalalabad]] to Kabul) to [[Ghazni]] in Afghanistan.

The distance calculation is per [[Google Maps]].
* [[Teknaf]]-[[Dhaka]]-[[Kolkata]] = {{cvt|778|km|mi}}
* [[Kolkata]]-[[Varanasi]]-[[Delhi]] = {{cvt|1562|km|mi}}
* [[Delhi]]-[[Wagah]] border = {{cvt|462|km|mi}}
* [[Wagah|Wagah Border]]-[[Rawalpindi]]-[[Landi Kotal]] = {{cvt|613|km|mi}}
* [[Landi Kotal]]-[[Kabul]] = {{cvt|240|km|mi}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kos minar,tirawadi,karnal.JPG|Mughal era Kos Minar along GT road at [[Sonipat]], India
File:7518uttar pradesh09-ghaziabad09-grand trunk road09-1200.jpg|Grand Trunk Road in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
File:GTRoadBarkatha.jpg|GT Road near [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]], India
File:G.T road towards Burdwan from Hooghly 07.jpg|Grand Trunk Road towards Burdwan from Hooghly
File:University of Engineering and Technology on Grand Trunk Road in Lahore.jpg|GT Road in [[Lahore]], Pakistan
File:Gujranwala GT Road Overcast.jpg|GT road in [[Gujranwala]], Pakistan
File:Jhelum River Bridge.JPG|GT Road above the [[Jhelum River|River Jhelum]], Pakistan
File:Original GT Road between Margalla and kala Chitta.JPG|Original GT Road passing through [[Margalla Hills]] to [[Kala Chitta Range]], Pakistan
File:Nekka Margalla.JPG|Newly realigned GT Road passing by the westernmost point of [[Margalla Hills]] to [[Kala Chitta Range]], Pakistan
File:Gridlock on the Kabul Jalalabad Highway (5300814706).jpg|[[Kabul–Jalalabad Road]], Afghanistan, is the westernmost stretch of the GT Road.
File:Jalalabad Road 2.jpg|Mountain pass on the Kabul–Jalalabad Road, Afghanistan
</gallery>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=90em}}
* [[Royal Road]]
* [[Roman roads]]
* [[Via Regia]]
* [[Silk Road]] – ancient Sino-Indo-European route
* [[Via Maris]] (International Trunk Road) – modern name of the main ancient international route between Egypt and Mesopotamia
{{div col end}}

===Modern roads in Asia===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[AH1]], or Asian Highway 1 – the longest route of the Asian Highway Network, running from Japan to Turkey
* [[Asian Highway Network]] (AH), aka the Great Asian Highway - project to improve the highway systems in Asia

:'''Afghanistan'''
* [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)]] – {{cvt|2,200|km}} circular road network inside Afghanistan

:'''Pakistan'''
* [[National Highways of Pakistan]], all government highways
* [[Motorways of Pakistan]] – network of major expressways

:'''India'''
* [[National highways in India]] – network of government-managed highways
* [[Expressways in India]] – the highest class of roads in the Indian road network
* [[Golden Quadrilateral]] – highway network connecting major centres of northern, western, southern and eastern India
* [[National Highways Development Project]] – a project to upgrade and widen major highways in India
* [[National Highways Authority of India]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* Farooque, Abdul Khair Muhammad (1977), ''Roads and Communications in Mughal India.'' Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.
* Weller, Anthony (1997), ''Days and Nights on the Grand Trunk Road: Calcutta to Khyber''. Marlowe & Company.
* [[Rudyard Kipling|Kipling, Rudyard]] (1901), ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]''. Considered one of Kipling's finest works, it is set mostly along the Grand Trunk Road. Free e-texts are available, for instance [https://gutenberg.org/etext/2226 here].
* {{cite book |title=Historical routes of north west Indian Subcontinent, Lahore to Delhi, 1550s–1850s A.D |author=Usha Masson Luther |author2=Moonis Raza |publisher=Sagar Publications |year=1990}}
* {{cite journal |last=Arden |first=Harvey |date=May 1990 |title=Along the Grand Trunk Road |journal=National Geographic |volume=177 |issue=5 |pages=118–38}}
* {{cite book |last=Mozammel |first=Md Muktadir Arif |year=2012 |chapter=Grand Trunk Road |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Grand_Trunk_Road |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* {{cite journal |last=Tayler |first=Jeffrey |date=November 1999 |title=India's Grand Trunk Road |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/11/indias-grand-trunk-road/377875/ |journal=The Atlantic Monthly |volume=284 |issue=5 |pages=42–48}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160611061444/http://www.nhai.org/ National Highway Authority of India]
* [http://www.nha.gov.pk/ National Highway Authority of Pakistan] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221235406/http://www.nha.gov.pk/ |date=21 December 2010 }}
* [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126395475 NPR: Along the Grand Trunk Road]

{{Trade route 2}}
{{Highways in India}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|27|20|15|N|79|3|45|E|type:road_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:AH1]]
[[Category:Roads in Asia]]
[[Category:Roads in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Roads in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ancient roads and tracks]]
[[Category:Trade routes]]
[[Category:Maurya Empire]]
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:British India]]
[[Category:History of transport in India]]
[[Category:History of transport in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Delhi]]
[[Category:Roads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Roads in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Roads in Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Roads in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Howrah]]
[[Category:Transport in Kabul]]
[[Category:Transport in Lahore]]
[[Category:Historic trails and roads in India]]
[[Category:History of transport in Uttar Pradesh]]

Grand Trunk Road - Revision history

Nagaraj15 at 01:42, 8 March 2026