https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Green_libertarianismGreen libertarianism - Revision history2026-08-01T01:02:15ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Green_libertarianism&diff=427407&oldid=prevAjay Kumar at 15:02, 15 September 20232023-09-15T15:02:16Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Political ideology with mixed green and libertarian beliefs}}<br />
{{notability|Neologisms|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{green politics sidebar|Perspectives}}<br />
{{libertarianism in the United States sidebar}}<br />
'''Green libertarianism''' is a form of [[green politics]].<ref>Newton & van Deth, 2016, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3DT7DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA313 p. 313],</ref> Alternately, it is a form of [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarianism]] in which the [[free market]] provides environmentally beneficial (or benign) outcomes.<ref>Wissenburg 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn99AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 pp. 42–47].</ref> [[Marcel Wissenburg]] (2009) maintains that proponents of the latter comprise a minority of green political theorists.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn99AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 p. 46].</ref><br />
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== Garvan Walshe ==<br />
In "Green Libertarianism" (2014), Garvan Walshe suggests that the [[Lockean proviso]] should account for [[ecology|ecological]] concerns.<ref>p. 955.</ref> In the natural world, all organisms—including humans—acquire (make use of) natural services, which natural resources provide.<ref name="auto1">Walshe 2014, p. 956.</ref> A green libertarian would preserve Locke's proviso—that a human may acquire natural services as long as it does not deprive or harm another—while acknowledging that not all natural services are abundant, and that the world is ecologically limited.<ref>Walshe 2014, p. 957.</ref> Furthermore, green libertarians recognize that people cannot be used as natural services without their consent.<ref name="auto1"/><br />
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Likewise, people cannot be deprived of their share of natural services without their consent.<ref name="auto">Walshe 2014, p. 960.</ref> In cases where natural services may be commodified, people are free to use their individual shares of a natural service as they see fit, but a person exceeding this share must negotiate with others to draw from their shares.<ref name="auto"/> Walshe uses an example of building a turbine along a river that might reduce others' share of the water (for example, by contaminating some of the water), but produces electricity that could compensate for the loss, so that ultimately the turbine violates no one's rights to the water.<ref>Walshe 2014, pp. 958–960.</ref> Walshe postulates that there are very few natural services which are not or cannot be commodified.<ref>Walshe 2014, p. 959.</ref><br />
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Walshe's view of green libertarianism attempts to address criticisms of both [[right-libertarianism|right-]] and [[left-libertarianism]].<ref>Walshe 2014, p. 955.</ref> Walshe departs from right-libertarianism—specifically, [[Robert Nozick]]'s interpretation of Locke's proviso—by proposing that, in a state of ecological equilibrium, no one may use natural services without the consent of others (for example, through persuasion or bargaining), and all persons enjoy equal rights of acquisition (if not economic equality).<ref>Walshe 2014, pp. 960–961.</ref> At the same time, Walshe departs from left-libertarianism—such as [[Hillel Steiner]]'s assertion that all persons are entitled to equal shares of natural resources<ref> Valentyne et al., 2005, as cited in Walshe, 2014.</ref>—by asserting that population growth, whether through immigration or births, upsets ecological equilibrium and that (voluntary) immigrants, and the parents of children, are responsible for not impinging upon others' rights to acquire natural services.<ref>Walshe 2014, pp. 965–969.</ref> Walshe maintains that both limitations encourage innovations in which natural services are used as efficiently as possible.<ref>Walshe 2014, pp. 961, 969.</ref><br />
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== Notes ==<br />
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== References ==<br />
* {{cite book | first1=Kenneth | last1=Newton | first2=Jan W. | last2=van Deth | title=Foundations of Comparative Politics: Democracies of the Modern World | series=Cambridge Textbooks in Comparative Politics | edition=3 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | date=2016 | isbn=9781316552902 }}<br />
* {{cite journal| first1=Peter | last1=Vallentyne | first2=Hillel | last2=Steiner | author-link2=Hillel Steiner | first3=Michael | last3=Otsuka | author-link3=Michael Otsuka | date=2005 | title=Why Left-Libertarianism Is Not Incoherent, Indeterminate, or Irrelevant: A Reply to Fried | journal=Philosophy & Public Affairs | url=https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/638/1/M_Otsuka_Incoherent.pdf | publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] | volume=33 | issue=2 | pages=201–205 | doi=10.1111/j.1088-4963.2005.00030.x | via=[[School of Advanced Study]]}}<br />
* {{cite journal | first=Garvan | last=Walshe | title=Green libertarianism | date=2014 | url=https://www.academia.edu/download/33761744/gl.pdf | journal=Ethical Theory and Moral Practice | volume=17 | issue=5 | pages=955–970 | publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] | doi=10.1007/s10677-014-9499-7 | s2cid=195332704 | issn=1386-2820 | eissn=1572-8447 | via=Academia.edu }}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br />
* {{cite book | first=Marcel | last=Wissenburg | author-link=Marcel Wissenburg | title=Political Pluralism and the State: Beyond Sovereignty | chapter=3. The Need to Interfere | pages=41–60| date=2009 | publisher= [[Routledge]] | series=Routledge Innovations in Political Theory | isbn=9781134034901}}<br />
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{{green politics}}<br />
{{libertarianism}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Green Libertarianism}}<br />
[[Category:Environmentalism]]<br />
[[Category:Green politics]]<br />
[[Category:Left-libertarianism]]<br />
[[Category:Libertarianism by form]]</div>Ajay Kumar