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{{Infobox book
| name = Gujarat Files:<br/>Anatomy of a Cover Up
| image = Gujarat Files (book cover).jpg
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| author = [[Rana Ayyub]]
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| country = India
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| subject = [[2002 Gujarat riots]]
| genre = [[Investigative journalism]]
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| published = 2016
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'''''Gujarat Files: Anatomy of a Cover Up''''' is a journalistic book about the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] authored and self-published by [[Rana Ayyub]]. The book is dedicated to [[Shahid Azmi]] along with advocate and activist [[Mukul Sinha]]. The foreword of the book is authored by Justice [[B. N. Srikrishna]].

==Background==
By posing as Maithili Tyagi, a US based film-maker and a student of [[American Film Institute#In Popular Culture|American Film Institute]] subscribing to the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]'s ideology, Ayyub managed to get access to senior police officers, bureaucrats, and politicians in Gujarat. She even managed to meet [[Narendra Modi]] in her Maithili Tyagi disguise. Ayyub was wearing a concealed camera and microphone during these meetings which enabled her to record her conversations. The book is based on these recorded conversations. The recordings were made in the years 2010-2011 in a time frame spanning eight months. The entire exercise had been carried out on behalf of [[Tehelka]] for whom Ayyub was working at the time. Tehelka put an end to the investigation in April 2011.<ref name="Mint June 2016"/><ref name="Business Standard June 2016"/><ref name="Express May 2016"/><ref name="Frontline July 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.frontline.in/books/on-the-trail-of-the-real-culprits/article8755811.ece |title=On the trail of the real culprits |publisher=Frontline |date=8 July 2016 |accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Wire"/>

==Publication==
According to a September 2016 column by Priya Ramani in [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]], ''Gujarat Files'' has become a bestseller with Ayyub managing to sell 32,000 copies of her book. Ramani notes that although no publisher was willing to publish her work, India's biggest English language book distributor, India Book Distributors (IBD), has reached an agreement with Ayyub to distribute the book the previous month and they have already sold 8,000 copies of the book.<ref name="Mint Sep 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/aKyGnfUrG0fWxlPzGS1hBM/The-selfpublishing-story-of-dust-and-dreams.html |title=The self-publishing story of dust and dreams |publisher=Mint |date=1 September 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> A [[Hindi language|Hindi-language]] edition was published in 2017. By 2019, Ayyub said the book had sold more than 600,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India|date=2 December 2019|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|work=[[The New Yorker]]|accessdate=7 December 2019}}</ref>

===Bookshops===
It is alleged that many bookshops have refused to stock the book. In a July 2016 interview in [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], Ayyub claimed that she called bookshops in [[Mumbai]] and [[Ahmedabad]] pretending to be a reader looking to buy ''Gujarat Files''. {{Quote| The book stores in Ahmedabad categorically said it was not the type of book they wanted to keep. Mumbai bookstores said there was a huge demand from readers because it was an Amazon bestseller but that it was too dangerous a book to be stocked in their bookshops. One of them suggested that I order a copy from Amazon since it involved no risk.<ref name="Frontline July 2016"/>}}

==Reception==
===Reviews===

In a review of the book in ''[[The Hindu]]'', Suchitra Vijayan writes that the book attempts to show how the bureaucracy, and the police, working in tandem, created lawlessness in Gujarat "in the aftermath of the anti-Muslim pogrom in 2002, and the numerous encounter deaths that took place between 2002 and 2006."<ref name="The Hindu June 2016"/> Vijayan quotes [[Louis Brandeis|Justice Brandeis]] of the US Supreme Court: "If the Government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy.”<ref name="The Hindu June 2016"/> According to Vijayan, the book contains incriminating information against [[Amit Shah]] and [[Narendra Modi]]; and the information that dalit and lower caste police officers in Gujarat were co-opted and made instruments of state violence.<ref name="The Hindu June 2016"/> However, Vijayan calls the book an unfinished work "waiting for context and analysis."<ref name="The Hindu June 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/suchitra-vijayan-reviews-rana-ayyubs-gujarat-files/article8686098.ece |title=An unfinished book |publisher=The Hindu |date=4 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> In a review of the book in the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Manjula Narayan writes that the book "[implicates] powerful politicians and [reveals] sins of omission and commission."<ref name="Hindustan Times June 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/books/a-gripping-but-difficult-read-on-gujarat-riots-and-their-aftermath/story-XWaHvqZXghS9mXX3FFLB2L.html |title=A gripping but difficult read on Gujarat riots and their aftermath |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=10 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> According to Narayan, the book is "an important work" which confirms many fears of corruption surrounding the Gujarat riots.<ref name="Hindustan Times June 2016"/>

In a review of the book in the [[Business Standard]], Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay notes that the book's importance is due to the details it provides regarding the events in Gujarat in, and after, the year 2002.<ref name="Business Standard June 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/gujarat-files-rana-ayyub-and-stinging-truths-116062400580_1.html |title=Gujarat Files: Rana Ayyub and stinging truths |publisher=Business Standard |date=25 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> According to Mukhopadhyay: {{Quote|[T]he book is an important document — not as much for being a complete and rounded analysis or story but for providing important nuggets of information that enable further detailing of the Modi persona and the nature of the regime he ran in Gujarat. The book provides significant insights through disclosures made by retired and serving police officials in which they present their perspective on events in Gujarat during the 2002 riots and subsequent contentious developments: the repeated [[Encounter killings by police#Police encounter|police encounters]].<ref name="Business Standard June 2016"/>}}

In a review of the book in [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]], [[Salil Tripathi]] notes that "The picture that emerges from ''Gujarat Files'' is profoundly disillusioning because it reveals that the checks and balances which are so vital for a functioning democracy simply did not work in Gujarat." The officers Ayyub interviewed express helplessness in carrying out illegal orders because not doing so would jeopardize their careers, according to Tripathi. While commending Ayyub for her courage in the journalistic work she did to collect the material for this book, Tripathi observes: {{Quote|The most disturbing part about Ayyub’s account is the casual acceptance of encounters. Senior police officers are aware of the questionable legality of encounters, but they seem to accept these as part of their job; their regret is over details (such as there was no need to kill Kausar Bi), and not over the practice itself. Human rights groups have long criticized extra-judicial executions in India, and “encounter” is a euphemism for illegal murders carried out by the state.<ref name="Mint June 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/hnE8QCMynIo66eS0VfmChK/Book-review-Gujarat-Files.html|title=Book review: Gujarat Files |publisher=Mint |date=4 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref>}}

===Impact===

[[Ramachandra Guha]] has called ''Gujarat Files'' "a brave book".<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160625/jsp/opinion/story_93068.jsp#.V92B_TscWgR|title=Divide and win-The Sanjay Gandhi of this age|publisher=The Telegraph |date=25 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> Reflecting on the procedure used by Ayyub in composing ''Gujarat Files'', Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay has observed: "Going undercover and interviewing many who had been in the thick of gruesome extra-constitutional operations required bravado and this must be appreciated."<ref name="Business Standard June 2016"/> Priya Ramani has noted that though the book has been criticized for being poorly edited and lacking context, its actual content has not been criticized by anyone.<ref name="Mint Sep 2016"/> Manoj Mitta has noted the silence on the book of those who were secretly taped by Ayyub, and also of a large section of mainstream media.<ref name="Wire">{{cite news|url=http://thewire.in/47407/goodbye-satyameva-jayate-telling-silence-on-rana-ayyubs-gujarat-files/|title=What the Silence Over Rana Ayyub's 'Gujarat Files' Tells Us |publisher=The Wire |date=1 July 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> While noting the silence on the book in a section of the Indian media, including the complete silence on Indian television, Jyoti Malhotra has commented that many journalists have privately applauded Ayyub's courage in authoring this book. According to Malhotra, the charges in the book are serious in that Narendra Modi himself is accused of being complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots. The book also accuses [[Amit Shah]] "of allegedly masterminding the Gujarat riots as well as ordering the killing of a terrorist [[Death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh|Sohrabuddin Sheikh]], his wife or live-in partner Kausar Bi and his associate [[Tulsiram Prajapati Killing|Tulsiram Prajapati]], "according to Malhotra.<ref name="Hoot">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehoot.org/research/books/mainstream-media-turns-away-from-gujarat-files-9404|title=Mainstream media turns away from "Gujarat Files" |publisher=The Hoot |date=3 June 2016 |accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> "If these transcripts are validated, they could present serious legal and ethical repercussions about Shah’s use of the State police force as his personal assassination squad and the bureaucracy as his fief," writes Suchitra Vijayan.<ref name="The Hindu June 2016"/> [[Indira Jaising]], who represented the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] in court in the [[Ishrat Jahan case|Ishrat case]], has observed that "[t]he book validates what CBI investigations had revealed.”<ref name="Express May 2016">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sting-claims-political-pressure-in-gujarat-riots-narendra-modi-govt-2822765/|title=Gujarat Files: Sting claims political pressure in Gujarat riots|publisher=Indian Express |date=30 May 2016 |accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref> Reflecting on the book, Manjula Narayan observes: {{Quote|Gujarat 2002 is still with us. The shame and horror continues to haunt us, which explains the packed book launch venues and the eagerness of several liberal public figures to be seen at them. Registering your presence is a public announcement of your cosmopolitanism and enlightened politics, disseminated in quick time over social media networks. Ayyub’s repeated suggestion that mainstream media has blacked out her book – most print publications, at least, seem to have reviewed it within a fortnight of the launch, an honour normally reserved for the likes of [[Amartya Sen]] – has contributed to the conspiracy theories besides bolstering the author’s reputation as a fearless journalist.<ref name="Hindustan Times June 2016"/>}}

===Criticism===
In the [[Haren Pandya]] murder case, the [[Supreme Court of India]] dismissed Rana Ayyub's book, stating that "it is based upon surmises, conjectures, and suppositions and has no evidentiary value.".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sc-rejects-ngos-plea-for-further-probe-in-haren-pandya-case-slaps-rs-50k-fine/1569194|title=SC rejects NGO''s plea for further probe in Haren Pandya case, slaps Rs 50K fine|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sc-rejects-ngo-s-plea-for-further-probe-in-haren-pandya-case-2768910|title=SC rejects NGO's plea for further probe in Haren Pandya case|date=6 July 2019|website=[[DNA India]]|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Central Bureau Of Investigation vs Mohd.Parvez Abdul Kayuum on 5 July, 2019|url=https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2011/37430/37430_2011_4_1501_14733_Judgement_05-Jul-2019.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-18|website=main.sci.gov.in}}</ref> Ayyub termed the court's comments "puzzling", since the CBI had used her work as evidence in other related cases, and noted that no officer or bureaucrat had denied her claims or taken her to court.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayyub|first=Rana|date=2019-07-11|title=An appeal to the SC to examine the Gujarat Files tapes as evidence|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/law/appeal-supreme-court-haren-pandya-examine-gujarat-files-rana-ayyub-evidence|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Caravan|language=en}}</ref>

===Ethics===
The ethics of doing journalism using secret recordings has been called into question.<ref name="Mint June 2016"/><ref name="Hoot"/><ref name="Outlook">{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/gujarat-gazetteer-by-maithili-tyagi/297417|title=Gujarat Gazetteer, By Maithili Tyagi|publisher=Outlook |date=11 July 2016 |accessdate=17 October 2016}}</ref> Ayyub has addressed this issue by noting that there was no other way to place the facts on record.<ref name="Hoot"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2002 Gujarat riots}}

[[Category:2002 Gujarat riots]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about politics of India]]

Gujarat Files - Revision history

imported>Baden-Paul at 16:34, 29 July 2021