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{{Short description|Indian politician and economist (1898–1998)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{officeholder
| image = File:Gulzarilal Nanda stamp (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Nanda on a 1999 stamp of India
| image_size =
| office = [[Prime Minister of India]]
| status = {{small|Acting}}
| president = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| vicepresident = [[Zakir Husain]] | term_start = 11 January 1966
| term_end = 24 January 1966
| predecessor = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start2 = 27 May 1964
| term_end2 = 9 June 1964
| president2 = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| vicepresident2 = [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] | predecessor2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor2 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| office3 = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start3 = 29 August 1963
| term_end3 = 14 November 1966
| predecessor3 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| successor3 = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
| office4 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]
| primeminister4 = ''Himself'' (Interim)
| term_start4 = 27 May 1964
| term_end4 = 7 June 1964
| predecessor4 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| successor4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| office5 = [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]] | predecessor5 = ''position established'' | term5 = 17 February 1953 - 21 September 1963 | successor5 = [[V. T. Krishnamachari]] | office6 = 2nd [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]] | term6 = 11 January 1966 - 24 January 1966 | term7 = 27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 | predecessor6 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | successor6 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | predecessor7 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | successor7 = [[Satya Narayan Sinha]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|1|15|1898|7|4|df=y}}
| height. = [[ 5.9 ]]
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| spouse = Lakshmi
| relations =
| children = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| parents =
}}
'''Gulzarilal Nanda''' (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/jan/15nan.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Disha Experts |title=General Awareness for SSC Exams - CGL/ CHSL/ MTS/ GD Constable/ Stenographer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrctDwAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA90 |date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-86323-29-3 |page=2}}</ref> was an Indian politician and economist who specialised in [[Labor economics|labour issues]]. He was the Interim [[Prime Minister of India]] for two 13-day tenures following the deaths of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964 and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966 respectively. Both his terms ended after the ruling [[Indian National Congress]]'s parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

==Early life==
===Birth===

Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in [[Sialkot]] in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]] in a [[Punjabi Hindu]] [[Khatri]] family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=baij+nath+puri+gulzarilal+nanda+khatri|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref> Sialkot later became a part of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province of Pakistan]] in 1947, after the partition of [[ India]]. Nanda received his education in [[Lahore]], [[Amritsar]], [[Agra]], and [[Allahabad]].

He met Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, where he settled in Gujarat on his request.

{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}

===Research worker===
Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at [[Allahabad University]] (1920–1921), and became a professor of economics at National College in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} The same year, he joined the Indian [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad [[Textile Labour Association]] where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for [[Satyagraha]] in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}. He was honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007–2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081011000917/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120707073335/http://auaa.in/?page_id=31 "Internet Archive of Proud Past Alumni"]. auaa.in.</ref>

He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|page=xvi|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}</ref>

==Lok Sabha member==
Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Yugoslavia]], and Austria in 1959.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the [[Sabarkantha]] constituency in [[Gujarat]]. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment in 1962–1963, and [[Minister for Home Affairs]] in 1963–1966.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1967 and 1971 elections from the [[Kaithal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]] in [[Haryana]]. He was a principled man. In 1971, he resigned from the Congress saying that he did not like the politics of that era. <ref name="5-ls">{{cite web|title=Fifth Lok Sabha -State wise Details – Haryana|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/statedetailar.aspx?state_name=Haryana&lsno=4|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>{{better source|date=January 2022}}

== Interim Prime Minister ==
Nanda was the Interim Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] in 1966.<ref>[http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php Former PMs of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625084219/http://pmindia.nic.in/pastpm.php |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref> He was the Home Minister of India during both these periods, and this is the reason why he was chosen as Prime Minister. The Indian Constitution has no provision of Acting Prime Minister as is widely circulated but incorrectly. Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/gulzarilal-nanda.html |title=Gulzarilal Nanda Biography – Gulzarilal Nanda Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=Iloveindia.com |date=1998-01-15 |access-date=2015-05-25}}</ref> Nanda died on 15 January 1998 at the age of 99; from 25 November 1997 when former [[Malawian]] President [[Hastings Banda]] died; until his own death Nanda was the oldest living former state leader.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/01/18/deaths/3c6cae5b-af47-4075-a8b6-a3ce7c65702f/ DEATHS]. The Washington Post (18 January 1998). Retrieved on 2018-11-28.</ref> At his death, Nanda was the last surviving member of the second and third Nehru cabinets and the last living state leader to have been born in the 19th century.

== Gandhian life ==
He lived a very simple life, with no personal property at the time of his death. He never allowed politics to influence his family life. Yet he always had enough time for his family. He once engaged his government provided driver for a car that was used by his family. He never allowed his family to use his official vehicle. He once got angry with his staff when he learned that his grandson, Tejas used his office paper and drew a picture. He immediately purchased paper from market and gave his grandson to draw on it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-01|title=Gulzarilal Nanda — Frugal and honest life dedicated to country|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gulzarilal-nanda-frugal-and-honest-life-dedicated-to-country/articleshow/33078741.cms|access-date=2022-08-05|website=Times Of India|language=en}}</ref>

He was also concerned about rising corruption in the country and suggested to decrease wasteful consumption by officials and people in general. He had also opposed Indira Gandhi's Emergency, as he felt that the sacrifices to bring democracy to India became meaningless due to the tyranny.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=Gulzarilal Nanda Death Anniversary: 10 Things to Know about the Former Prime Minister of India|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/gulzarilal-nanda-death-anniversary-10-things-to-know-about-the-former-prime-minister-of-india-3291047.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
''A Dedicated Worker – Shri Gulzarilal Nanda'' is a 1999 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by A. K. Goorha and produced by the [[Films Division of India]] which covers Nanda's work towards labourers and others as the PM and otherwise.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEDICATED WORKER ,A – SHRI GULZARILAL NANDA' {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dedicated-worker-a-shri-gulzarilal-nanda|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book|last1=Kalhan|first1=Promilla|title=Gulzarilal Nanda: A Life in the Service of the People|date=1997|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170236931|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuhcRfddkQMC&pg=PR16}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1963–1966}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]] |years=1964}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] |years=1964}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|years=1964}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of India]] |years=1966}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] |years=1966}}
{{s-end}}
{{Prime Ministers of India}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Indian National Congress}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Gulzarilal}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Bombay State politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:Ministers for External Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of Internal Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of Power of India]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Railway Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:20th-century prime ministers of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
Swarup Rani Nehru (née Thussu, 1868 – 10 January 1938) was the wife of the barrister and Indian National Congress leader Motilal Nehru and mother of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru

Gulzarilal Nanda - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 07:30, 22 July 2023